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Manmohan Dass Goel^I; Vasant A. Matsagar^II; Anil K. Gupta^III

^IScientist, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Wholesale CE High Quality Suspension Control Arm Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd, India. E-mail:Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.
^IIAssociate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India. E-mail:Manukau WaitakereWall Soundproof Cladding NZ New Zealand - GMZ Roofing
^IIIFormer Director, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Wholesale CE High Quality Candy Jar With Glass Lid Factory & Supplier Price - Yanjia- 462 026, India. E-mail:High Quality Led Tv 55 Inch | High Quality Led Tv 55 Inch OEM/ODM - Horion Intelligent

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Building Embedded Parts Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ge Cheng-cell aluminum foam cores subjected to blast load is examined.48v 1200w Brushless Hub Motor | 48v 1200w Brushless Hub Motor OEM/ODM - FENFA. To improve resistance of the sandwich foam panel against blast, stiffeners are provided and their dynamic response under varying blast load is studied. Blast load is applied using blast equations available in LS-DYNA which takes into account reflection of blast from surface of the sandwich foam panel.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053058, respectively.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052779, primarily focusing on peak central point displacement of back-sheet (opposite to explosion) of the panel. Several analyses are carried out with an objective to understand the effects of stiffener configuration, foam thickness, foam density, and standoff distance on the blast response.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053858.

Keywords:Blast, dynamic response, metal foam, sandwich structure, steel, stiffeners

1 INTRODUCTION

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054125, side walls in cargo containers and boxes, and various military applications (Ashby et al., 2000).China Supply Custom Colored Iron Wire Products Cheap Price - Huaxin, high specific stiffness, moisture independency, and corrosion resistance. In the past,Wholesale CE High Quality 1/4" Hex Head Screw Factory & Supplier Price - Ge Cheng(Guruprasad and Mukherjee, 2000a and 2000b, Hanssen et al., 2002a and 2002b, Qiu et al., 2003, Xue and Hutchinson, 2003, Radford et al., 2006,Wholesale CE High Quality Galvanized Woven Chain Link Fence Roof Factory & Supplier Price - Huaxin., 2006, Nemat-Shop Window Display | Shop Window Display Price - RADIANT., 2007, Bahei-El-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053216, 2008, Tekalur et al., 2008, Karagiozova et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2009, and Langdon et al., 2010). Recently, with the advancement in technology,Hospital Elevator Cost | Hospital Elevator Cost Factory - TOWARDS(Ashby et al., 2000). This foam has several advantages in comparison with other commonly used sandwich core materials which include (i)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054223; (ii) lighter in weight; (iii) fire resistant; and (iv) reusability.

Led Gloves | Led Gloves Price - Future Creative(FRP), natural material (air, sand/soils), polymeric foams, honeycombs and commercially available metal foams (Hanssen et al., 2002a and 2002b, Qiu et al., 2003, Xue and Hutchinson, 2003, Radford et al., 2006,Wholesale CE High Quality Galvanized Woven Chain Link Fence Roof Factory & Supplier Price - Huaxin., 2006, Nemat-Shop Window Display | Shop Window Display Price - RADIANT., 2007, Bahei-El-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053216, 2008, Tekalur et al., 2008, Karagiozova et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2009, Langdon et al., 2010, Jing et al., 2013, Chang et al., 2013, and Liu et al., 2013). No studies, however,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Q235/Q345/Gr 65/ Ss400 Din Standard Plain Anti-Theft Hex Nut Products Cheap Price - Ge Cheng,Guantes Para Mecanico | Guantes Para Mecanico Manufacturers - SUNCEND SAFETY's recent work on the response of stiffened polymer foam sandwich structures under impulsive loading (Goel et al., 2013a). Goel et al. (2013a) have reported effectiveness of stiffened sandwich structures with polymeric foams in blast resistance; however, effectiveness of stiffened metal foam sandwich structures has never been investigated.

In the present investigation, newly developed metal foam (Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052870., 2009a and 2009b) namely,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053942-cell aluminum foam (ACCF) has been explored for its potential in blast applications, and its performance for blast resistance is presented. Here, blast response of the sandwich foam panel (SFP), and the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP) under varying blast loading is studied using commercially available LS-DYNA software in order to assess their effectiveness in the response mitigation. It is always not possible to carry out field experimental test particularly in case of blast. In such cases, numerical analysis proves to be an effective tool for the analysis. Hence, numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response.

2 STIFFENED SANDWICH FOAM PANEL GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES

China Supply Custom Glass Cupping Sets Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Credible- and back-Church Led Wall | Church Led Wall OEM/ODM - RADIANT. Back-sheet is on the opposite side of the explosion.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052517(2 m × 2 m)Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052367. The back-sheet is stiffened by stiffeners of 100 mm width and 10 mm thickness for all the ten stiffened configurations with same materials (steel) as that of the face- and back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053377.China Supply Custom Dip Tube Bottle Products Cheap Price - Credible, three foam thicknesses, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm, are considered.

Supply OEM Custom Zinc Coated U Type Nails Factory & Supplier Price - Huaxinshows various configurations of the unstiffened/Guangzhou University | Guangzhou University Manufacturers - Juntai. The figure shows one unstiffened sandwich foam panel, i.e. SFP (P₁)Threaded Rods | Threaded Rods Suppliers - Liqi, i.e. SSFP (P₂to P₁₁). These configurations are arranged as per their increasing weights. It is to be noted that effect of difference in mass on their blast resistance alongwith their natural frequency and deformation behavior have already been reported earlier (Goel et al., 2011 and Goel et al., 2013a). The face-sheet and stiffened back-sheet are made of steel considering elastic-plastic and strain hardening behavior with Young's modulus,E= 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio,v= 0.3, and density,ρ= 7,800 kg/m³(Goel et al., 2011). The static yield stress of steel in the face-and back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054018. The steel face- and back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053100-plastic material model, i.e. MAT_024 (MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY) of LS-DYNA. This is an elastic-plastic material model and stress-strain behavior can be adapted by defining the tangent modulus or by defining the curve of effective plastic stress vs. effective plastic strain, which is equivalent to true stress vs. true strain in case of uniaxial stresses (LS-DYNA, 2011). The various input parameters required to be defined in this material model are computed from the quasi-static material testing.

Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054340shows the compressive stress-strain curves for three relative densities (RD)Led Umbrella Light With Remote Control | Led Umbrella Light With Remote Control Suppliers - Future Creative-cell aluminum foam (ACCF). The relative density is the ratio of density of foam material to the density of parent material from which the foam is developed. The patented foams are developed through liquid metallurgy route at CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Double Wall Glass Cup Products Cheap Price - Credible, India. Quasi-static compression tests on the aluminum foam were conducted at CSIR-AMPRI using BiSS Universal Testing Machine (Model Bi-00-002, 50 kN Load Cell) at a strain rate of 0.001/s. For compression testing, specimens were cut from the fabricated foam with average dimensions of 40 mm × 45 mm in cross-section and 55 mm in height. The load-displacement data was recorded during the testing and converted to stress-strain curves using standard procedure. The mechanical behavior of these foam materials is reported elsewhere in details (Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052870., 2009a and 2009b, and Goel et al., 2013b). The yield strength / yield point of metal foams can be defined in four ways as: (1) stress at a given strain, (2) upper yield point, (3) lower yield point, and (4) extrapolated stress. In the present investigation, yield strength / yield point is considered as upper yield point as shown inDoor Handle Pvd Coating Machine.Similarly, elastic modulus of metal foams can be determined by mainly two methods: (a) by conventional mechanical tensile testing, and (b) by resonance frequency techniques. Herein, the resonance frequency technique is employed for determination of elastic modulus (Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052870., 2009a and 2009b).Wholesale CE High Quality Bluetooth Speaker Audio Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - YIMI(Ashby et al., 2000).

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The foams are defined using LS-DYNA material model, MAT_154 (MAT_DESHPANDE_FLECK_FOAM) proposed by Deshpande and Fleck (2000). Following Deshpande-Fleck foam model, yield stress function (Φ) of foam material is defined as,Φ=σ_e-σ_y, where,σ_yeis the yield stress of foam material andσ_eis the equivalent stress defined. In this expression,σ_VMis the von-Mises stress andσ_mis the mean stress.

The shape of yield surface is controlled by the shape parameter,α. The yield stress is governed by the model presented by Hanssen et al. (2002a and 2002b) as,

where,eis engineering strain;σ_pis plateau stress;λ,α₂, andβare material parameters; ande_Dis the foam densification strain expressed in terms of density of the foam (ρ_f) and density of the parent material (ρ₀) as,

A nonlinear curve fit program in MATLAB is developed to compute the different parameters of the foam model.Wholesale CE High Quality Bluetooth Speaker Audio Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - YIMIshows various mechanical properties obtained using the MATLAB nonlinear curve fit program for the foam used in the present investigation.

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Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052953(FE)China Supply Custom Pants Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Fullerton_Solid feature available in LS-DYNA. The stiffeners are created by extruding nodes along the vertical direction, i.e. direction perpendicular to the back-sheet, and assigning the surface to create geometry of the back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054409(ALTAIR, 2007). The foam is modeled as solid elements whereas, face- and back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053832. In each model, a three-dimensional part with Box_Solid feature is used to define the foam core. Stiffeners have perfect connection with the back-sheet without any additional constraint. Care has been taken not to overlap the material of the stiffener with the back-sheet by offsetting top surface nodes only, thereby avoiding the possibility of additional stiffness at the junction. Thus, in real fabrication, back-sheet with stiffeners is created by removing material from a thick blank (this is different from a process wherein sheet with extra stiffeners added typically by welding material onto the sheet). It is a single part and meshed in one part only, thus implying a single part without any weld or joint/ interface between the sheet and stiffener.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053246-Tsay shell elements available in the LS-DYNA element library, whereas eight-node solid elements with full integration are used along with hourglass control to model the geometry of the foam core (LS-DYNA, 2011). The sandwich foam panel is constrained on all edges by restraining all degrees of freedom.

4 BLAST LOADING

The blast load in the present investigation is applied on face-Frameless LcdTv | Frameless LcdTv Factory - ASANO(LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED) available in LS-DYNA with CONWEP (CONWEP, 1991).Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052619, i.e. 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m. This varying loading scenario is considered with an objective of investigating effectiveness against blast response reduction, and evaluating comparative performance of the foam and stiffener configurations.

Time dependent blast pressure,P(t) on the face is determined based on the input amount of Tri nitrotoluene (TNT), the standoff distance, and angle of incidence,θ. Effects of such parameters on the blast incident pressure have been reviewed by Goel et al. (2012). The blast pressure is computed using following equation in LS-DYNA,

where,PandP_iare the reflected and incident pressures, respectively. Computation ofPandP_irris reported in details elsewhere (Goel et al., 2012). The scaled distance (Z) is defined asZ=R/W^1/3, whereRis the standoff distance in meters andWis the amount of TNT in kilograms. To apply the loading on the face-sheet by LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED function, another function LOAD_BLAST_SEGMENT is used to define exposed surface of face-sheet wherein, function DATABASE_BINARY_BLSTFOR is used to collect the blast pressure. The calculated loading is presented in Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052576for three different standoff distances considered. In the present analysis, element density is varied using global seeds of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 to generate fine, medium, and coarse meshes, respectively and converged results (i.e.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053949.05) are only presented. Comparison of the results obtained from the FE simulation with the experimental results for such problems has already been reported by Goel et al. (2011 and 2013a).

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5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. In the present analysis, central point displacement of the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP, i.e. P₂to P₁₁) is compared with the sandwich foam panel (SFP, i.e. P₁) designated as base model (referenced as 100% weight). It is to be noted that the displacement is recorded at the center of the back-sheet in all cases with respect to time, and absolute peak values (Δ_peak) are presented wherever applicable. The measure of effectiveness of the sandwich foam panel is quantified using central point displacement;Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052300.

In the present investigation, for parametric study, blast loads generated due to the explosion of 1 kg of TNT at standoff distances of 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m are considered. The peak pressures resulting due to this combination of TNT and standoff distances are shown inElectric Heater. The face-China Supply Custom Electronic Card Products Cheap Price - HENGDA(Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.). Three different relative densities (RD) of the foam (0.100, 0.107, and 0.114) are used for core material, as reported in Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054423.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co.shows the central point displacement time histories of the SSFP-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053620(t_f= 50, 100, and 150 mm), for a foam relative density of 0.100 and standoff distance of 1.5 m subjected to the blast loading. Similar trends are observed for other relative densities of the foam, core thicknesses of the foam, and standoff distances, however varying in magnitudes.

In order to compare the results of peak central point displacement for the SSFP-ACCF and to understand the effect of relative densities, core thicknesses of the foam and standoff distances, common plots for a representative foam thickness (50 mm) are reported inWholesale CE High Quality Drop Forged Steel Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - JianXin. The peak central point displacements for all the combinations of density, foam thickness, and standoff distances are reported inChina Supply Custom Transmission Shell Factory & Supplier Price - GongjithroughLouver Fence Panels | Louver Fence Panels Manufacturers - ALTOP. Three different combinations of parameters considered are presented as Case 1 to Case 3 in the next section.

Case 1:Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052936, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 1.5 m standoff distance

China Supply Custom Marble Coffee Tables Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Yezhi.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations (Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053696₃and P₉)Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052392.107 and 0.114 for the same level of blast loading (Supply OEM Custom Cattle Fence Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huaxinand12 Core Fiber Optic Cable | 12 Core Fiber Optic Cable Manufacturers - TTI Fiber). The lowest central point displacement (i.e. 4.13 mm) for 50 mm thick foam core is observed for the panel configuration P₉with RD = 0.114 ( Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053473). However, the panel configuration P₁₁with RD = 0.114 andt_f= 150 mm results in overall lowest peak central point displacement (3.67 mm) for 1.5 m standoff distance (Rubber Floor Tile).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053355-sheet.Guantes Neopreno Finos | Guantes Neopreno Finos Price - SUNCEND SAFETY₇for all the relative densities of foam and configuration P₄for RD = 0.100 under blast loading with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener, i.e. P₁.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052233₄and P₇Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054072. Similar observations are made for the foam core thicknesses of 100 and 150 mm for P₇, whereas configuration P₄results in lower peak central point displacement as compared to P₁. However, in case of P₁configuration,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054109. Further,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052504(Large Size Led Tv 50inch 55inch | Large Size Led Tv 50inch 55inch Suppliers - Horion Intelligent).

Case 2:Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052936, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2 m standoff distance

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053938, 100,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054054.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations for the same level of blast loading (Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.). The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(3.05 mm) for 2 m standoff distance (Custom Machined Aluminum Parts | Custom Machined Aluminum Parts China Suppliers - AnebonandChina Supply Custom Pilot Operated Solenoid Valve Factory & Supplier Price - Ruichen Pneumatic).

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054161(50 mm thick foam core) for all foam relative densities however, excluding foam relative density of 0.114 and 150 mm thick foam. The peak displacement of P₇configuration witht_f= 150 mm is 19.78 mm whereas the peak displacement of P₁configuration is 20.81 mm for the same level of blast loading (High Pressure Water Pump).Small Ozone Generator Car Air Purifier | Small Ozone Generator Car Air Purifier Suppliers - Guanglei₇is attributed to the fact that stiffeners in this configuration do not pass through the centre point of the panel, i.e. peak displacement point.Led Light Dress | Led Light Dress Suppliers - Future Creative. Again,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054176-cell aluminum foam with suitable stiffener configuration for a particular thickness of the foam core.

Case 3:Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052936, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2.5 m standoff distance

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Cold Recycler Factory & Supplier Price - Grandway. The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(2.45 mm) for 2.5 m standoff distance (Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.andShenzhen Beacret Tech Co.).

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053431₇(50 mm thick foam core) for all the relative densities of the foam. The panel configuration P₇, however,32 Inch Led Tv | 32 Inch Led Tv Factory - ASANO₁configuration with 50 mm thick foam for the same level of blast loading, for the same reason as mentioned above that the stiffeners do not pass through the centre point of the panel.Led Light Dress | Led Light Dress Suppliers - Future Creative. Again, the maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration and all other configurations show lower peak central point displacement indicating the effectiveness of the foam and stiffeners.

Parametric Study

Wholesale CE High Quality Garage Canopy Light Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Lowcled, the peak central point displacements of all the panel configurations are presented inSupply OEM Custom Nylon Coated Wire Factory & Supplier Price - Huaxin, with varying standoff distances, foam densities, and foam thicknesses.

5.1 Effect of stiffener configurations

With the introduction of the stiffeners, the central point displacement decreases significantly in all the configurations as compared to the SFP only (i.e. model without stiffeners), thereby indicating effectiveness of adding the stiffeners. It is observed for the SSFP that it is not only the stiffener configuration which governs the response but also the type (relative density of the foam) and thickness of the foam core does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario. Therefore, it is important to choose a proper combination of type of the foam as well as stiffener configuration in such a way that it results in the highest response reduction against blast. FromWholesale Cups And Mugs | Wholesale Cups And Mugs Factory - Kotto,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052717(P₇, P₁₀, and P₁₁)Manukau WaitakereTile Span Roofing Manukau Waitakere - GMZ Roofing.Relay | Relay Price - C-lin(i.e. P₄) for 0.100 relative density of foam with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener. The panel comprising circle and cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered in the present investigation. Moreover, it can be noted that for achieving improved blast response reduction,High Quality Hamburger Cart | High Quality Hamburger Cart Factory - GANGTING DIANCHE. Thus,China Supply Custom Fabric Sofa Furniture Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Yezhi(FE) modeling which in turn reduces the experimental work not only in terms of efforts but also in saving considerable time and resources, particularly under blast loadings.

5.2 Effect of foam thickness

FromFolder Gluer Machine Fully Automatic Priceit is observed that the central point displacement decreases with the increase in the foam core thickness for the ACCF.Wholesale CE High Quality Jackets Jeans Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Fullerton. Further, it is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.

5.3 Effect of foam relative density

It is evident from the trends observed inGiant Dinosaur Toy | Giant Dinosaur Toy Price - Ocean Art. Further,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052692(Tractor Loader Hydraulic Cylinder | Tractor Loader Hydraulic Cylinder Factory - YX-Hydraulic₃and P₉)Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052258. Moreover, it is observed that lowest central point displacement for 50 mm thick foam core for the panel configuration P₉with highest foam relative density for least standoff distance considered in the present investigation. From this study,Desktop Car Air Purifier | Desktop Car Air Purifier OEM/ODM - Guanglei.

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In order to gain an insight of response mitigation,Manukau WaitakereResidential Roofing Auckland North Shore - GMZ Roofing.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052451.Pneumatic Component Gas Piston Cylinder | Pneumatic Component Gas Piston Cylinder Suppliers - YX-Hydraulic.Tea Coffee Mugs | Tea Coffee Mugs OEM/ODM - Kotto.China Supply Custom Car Engine Hood Cover Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - huangyan shuangsheng.China Supply Custom Forged Gate Estate Factory & Supplier Price - JianXinandShanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.for SSF- and SSF-ACCF, three foam thicknesses for a foam RD = 0.100 withR= 1.5 m. It is observed that at the end of the blast load,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053607. When the panel is at its maximum deflection,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053175.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054429,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052299.China Supply Custom Pilot Operated Solenoid Valve Factory & Supplier Price - Ruichen Pneumatic. Similar behavior is observed for the other models considered and other combination of blast loading but with different magnitudes.

6 CONCLUSIONS

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052487(a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. The following conclusions are drawn from the present study:

1. The panel comprising circle with cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered.
2. Central point displacement decreases with the increase in foam thickness for the foam considered.
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4. Maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration.
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6. It is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.
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References

ALTAIR (2007). User Manual. Altair Engineering Corporation, U.S.A.         [55inch Inch Led Tv | 55inch Inch Led Tv Price - Horion Intelligent]

Ashby, M.F., Evans, A.G. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Metal Foams: A Design Guide, Butterworth Heinmann, Oxford, U.K.         [Washing Gloves | Washing Gloves Factory - SUNCEND SAFETY]

Bahei-El-Din, Y.A.Bluetooth Eddystone Ibeacon | Bluetooth Eddystone Ibeacon Suppliers - Minew, G.J., (2008). Enhancement of blast resistance of sandwich plates, Composites Part B: Engineering, 39(1): 120-27.         [Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.]

Chang, Q., Shu, Y., Li-Jun, Y., Zhi-Yong, W., Zhen-Hua, L., (2013). Blast resistance and multi-objective optimization of aluminum foam-China Supply Custom Secure Safety Shoes Factory & Supplier Price - TianXing KeSheng, Composite Structures, 105: 45-57.         [Raycus Fiber Laser Cutting Machine | Raycus Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Manufacturers - MORN LASER]

CONWEP (1991). Conventional Weapons Effects Program,Version 2.00; US Army Engineer Waterways Experimental Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S.A.         [Supply OEM Custom Black Frosted Glass Jar Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Credible]

Deshpande, V.S. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Isotropic constitutive models for metallic foams,Wholesale CE High Quality Wireless Bluetooth Home Speakers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - YIMI, 48(6): 1253-83.         [Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Painted Glass Candle Jars Factory & Supplier Price - Yanjia]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., (2011). Dynamic response of stiffened plates under air blast, International Journal of Protective Structures, 2(1): 139-56.         [Plasma 70 | Plasma 70 Suppliers - LXSHOW]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., Marburg, S., (2012). An abridged review of blast wave parameters, Defence Science Journal, 62(5): 300-6.         [Wholesale CE High Quality Smart Led Bulb Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Lowcled]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Marburg, S., Gupta, A.K., (2013a).Portable 3d Mini Cnc Wood Carving Machine | Portable 3d Mini Cnc Wood Carving Machine Suppliers - QUICK-FULLTEK, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE,27(5): 540-49.         [China Supply Custom Flood Lights Led Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Lowcled]

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Received 21.05.2014
In revised form 15.08.2014
Accepted 27.08.2014
Available online 09.10.2014