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Manmohan Dass Goel^I; Vasant A. Matsagar^II; Anil K. Gupta^III

^IScientist, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053342, India. E-mail:Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053908
^IIAssociate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India. E-mail: Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053886
^IIIFormer Director, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Portable Mini Fiber Laser Marking Machine | Portable Mini Fiber Laser Marking Machine Factory - LXSHOW- 462 026, India. E-mail:Laser Engraver And Cutter | Laser Engraver And Cutter Suppliers - Anqiang

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation,Laser Rust Removal Laser Machine | Laser Rust Removal Laser Machine Manufacturers - MORN LASER-cell aluminum foam cores subjected to blast load is examined.Custom Hooded Sweatshirt | Custom Hooded Sweatshirt Suppliers - Max Apparel. To improve resistance of the sandwich foam panel against blast, stiffeners are provided and their dynamic response under varying blast load is studied. Blast load is applied using blast equations available in LS-DYNA which takes into account reflection of blast from surface of the sandwich foam panel.Usb Room Air Purifier | Usb Room Air Purifier Price - Guanglei, respectively.Tungsten Carbide Extrusion Dies | Tungsten Carbide Extrusion Dies Suppliers - Jinxin, primarily focusing on peak central point displacement of back-sheet (opposite to explosion) of the panel. Several analyses are carried out with an objective to understand the effects of stiffener configuration, foam thickness, foam density, and standoff distance on the blast response.Type C To Micro Usb Connector | Type C To Micro Usb Connector OEM/ODM - CableCreation.

Keywords:Blast, dynamic response, metal foam, sandwich structure, steel, stiffeners

1 INTRODUCTION

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High Cut Shoes | High Cut Shoes OEM/ODM - SUNCEND SAFETY(FRP), natural material (air, sand/soils), polymeric foams, honeycombs and commercially available metal foams (Hanssen et al., 2002a and 2002b, Qiu et al., 2003, Xue and Hutchinson, 2003, Radford et al., 2006,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052874., 2006, Nemat-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054194., 2007, Bahei-El-Win 10 Pro Italian Oem | Win 10 Pro Italian Oem Suppliers - Newtown, 2008, Tekalur et al., 2008, Karagiozova et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2009, Langdon et al., 2010, Jing et al., 2013, Chang et al., 2013, and Liu et al., 2013). No studies, however,China Supply Custom Top Rated Power Banks Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - YIMI,Man Hoody | Man Hoody Manufacturers - Max Apparel's recent work on the response of stiffened polymer foam sandwich structures under impulsive loading (Goel et al., 2013a). Goel et al. (2013a) have reported effectiveness of stiffened sandwich structures with polymeric foams in blast resistance; however, effectiveness of stiffened metal foam sandwich structures has never been investigated.

In the present investigation, newly developed metal foam (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Engine Cover For Nissan Gt-R Factory & Supplier Price - huangyan shuangsheng., 2009a and 2009b) namely,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054049-cell aluminum foam (ACCF) has been explored for its potential in blast applications, and its performance for blast resistance is presented. Here, blast response of the sandwich foam panel (SFP), and the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP) under varying blast loading is studied using commercially available LS-DYNA software in order to assess their effectiveness in the response mitigation. It is always not possible to carry out field experimental test particularly in case of blast. In such cases, numerical analysis proves to be an effective tool for the analysis. Hence, numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response.

2 STIFFENED SANDWICH FOAM PANEL GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054340- and back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054124. Back-sheet is on the opposite side of the explosion.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052409(2 m × 2 m)Rubies Dinosaur Costume | Rubies Dinosaur Costume Manufacturers - Ocean Art. The back-sheet is stiffened by stiffeners of 100 mm width and 10 mm thickness for all the ten stiffened configurations with same materials (steel) as that of the face- and back-Stainless steel food kiosk in Dubai | Stainless steel food kiosk in Dubai Factory - GANGTING DIANCHE.Negative Ions Air Cleaner | Negative Ions Air Cleaner Manufacturers - Guanglei, three foam thicknesses, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm, are considered.

Small Ozone Generator Car Air Purifier | Small Ozone Generator Car Air Purifier Suppliers - Guangleishows various configurations of the unstiffened/China Supply Custom Brass Hex Screw Nut Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ge Cheng. The figure shows one unstiffened sandwich foam panel, i.e. SFP (P₁)Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052388, i.e. SSFP (P₂to P₁₁). These configurations are arranged as per their increasing weights. It is to be noted that effect of difference in mass on their blast resistance alongwith their natural frequency and deformation behavior have already been reported earlier (Goel et al., 2011 and Goel et al., 2013a). The face-sheet and stiffened back-sheet are made of steel considering elastic-plastic and strain hardening behavior with Young's modulus,E= 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio,v= 0.3, and density,ρ= 7,800 kg/m³(Goel et al., 2011). The static yield stress of steel in the face-and back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053414. The steel face- and back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053494-plastic material model, i.e. MAT_024 (MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY) of LS-DYNA. This is an elastic-plastic material model and stress-strain behavior can be adapted by defining the tangent modulus or by defining the curve of effective plastic stress vs. effective plastic strain, which is equivalent to true stress vs. true strain in case of uniaxial stresses (LS-DYNA, 2011). The various input parameters required to be defined in this material model are computed from the quasi-static material testing.

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Top 5 Portable Speakers Products Cheap Price - YIMIshows the compressive stress-strain curves for three relative densities (RD)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053718-cell aluminum foam (ACCF). The relative density is the ratio of density of foam material to the density of parent material from which the foam is developed. The patented foams are developed through liquid metallurgy route at CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054414, India. Quasi-static compression tests on the aluminum foam were conducted at CSIR-AMPRI using BiSS Universal Testing Machine (Model Bi-00-002, 50 kN Load Cell) at a strain rate of 0.001/s. For compression testing, specimens were cut from the fabricated foam with average dimensions of 40 mm × 45 mm in cross-section and 55 mm in height. The load-displacement data was recorded during the testing and converted to stress-strain curves using standard procedure. The mechanical behavior of these foam materials is reported elsewhere in details (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Engine Cover For Nissan Gt-R Factory & Supplier Price - huangyan shuangsheng., 2009a and 2009b, and Goel et al., 2013b). The yield strength / yield point of metal foams can be defined in four ways as: (1) stress at a given strain, (2) upper yield point, (3) lower yield point, and (4) extrapolated stress. In the present investigation, yield strength / yield point is considered as upper yield point as shown inwww.weifangaowei.com.Similarly, elastic modulus of metal foams can be determined by mainly two methods: (a) by conventional mechanical tensile testing, and (b) by resonance frequency techniques. Herein, the resonance frequency technique is employed for determination of elastic modulus (Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Engine Cover For Nissan Gt-R Factory & Supplier Price - huangyan shuangsheng., 2009a and 2009b).Supply OEM Custom Leisure Chair Use Coffee Shop Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Yezhi(Ashby et al., 2000).

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The foams are defined using LS-DYNA material model, MAT_154 (MAT_DESHPANDE_FLECK_FOAM) proposed by Deshpande and Fleck (2000). Following Deshpande-Fleck foam model, yield stress function (Φ) of foam material is defined as,Φ=σ_e-σ_y, where,σ_yeis the yield stress of foam material andσ_eis the equivalent stress defined. In this expression,σ_VMis the von-Mises stress andσ_mis the mean stress.

The shape of yield surface is controlled by the shape parameter,α. The yield stress is governed by the model presented by Hanssen et al. (2002a and 2002b) as,

where,eis engineering strain;σ_pis plateau stress;λ,α₂, andβare material parameters; ande_Dis the foam densification strain expressed in terms of density of the foam (ρ_f) and density of the parent material (ρ₀) as,

A nonlinear curve fit program in MATLAB is developed to compute the different parameters of the foam model.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.shows various mechanical properties obtained using the MATLAB nonlinear curve fit program for the foam used in the present investigation.

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Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052722(FE)Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052648_Solid feature available in LS-DYNA. The stiffeners are created by extruding nodes along the vertical direction, i.e. direction perpendicular to the back-sheet, and assigning the surface to create geometry of the back-Horizontal Cnc Lathe Function | Horizontal Cnc Lathe Function Factory - Taizheng(ALTAIR, 2007). The foam is modeled as solid elements whereas, face- and back-Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052445. In each model, a three-dimensional part with Box_Solid feature is used to define the foam core. Stiffeners have perfect connection with the back-sheet without any additional constraint. Care has been taken not to overlap the material of the stiffener with the back-sheet by offsetting top surface nodes only, thereby avoiding the possibility of additional stiffness at the junction. Thus, in real fabrication, back-sheet with stiffeners is created by removing material from a thick blank (this is different from a process wherein sheet with extra stiffeners added typically by welding material onto the sheet). It is a single part and meshed in one part only, thus implying a single part without any weld or joint/ interface between the sheet and stiffener.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053228-Tsay shell elements available in the LS-DYNA element library, whereas eight-node solid elements with full integration are used along with hourglass control to model the geometry of the foam core (LS-DYNA, 2011). The sandwich foam panel is constrained on all edges by restraining all degrees of freedom.

4 BLAST LOADING

The blast load in the present investigation is applied on face-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054440(LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED) available in LS-DYNA with CONWEP (CONWEP, 1991).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053597, i.e. 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m. This varying loading scenario is considered with an objective of investigating effectiveness against blast response reduction, and evaluating comparative performance of the foam and stiffener configurations.

Time dependent blast pressure,P(t) on the face is determined based on the input amount of Tri nitrotoluene (TNT), the standoff distance, and angle of incidence,θ. Effects of such parameters on the blast incident pressure have been reviewed by Goel et al. (2012). The blast pressure is computed using following equation in LS-DYNA,

where,PandP_iare the reflected and incident pressures, respectively. Computation ofPandP_irris reported in details elsewhere (Goel et al., 2012). The scaled distance (Z) is defined asZ=R/W^1/3, whereRis the standoff distance in meters andWis the amount of TNT in kilograms. To apply the loading on the face-sheet by LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED function, another function LOAD_BLAST_SEGMENT is used to define exposed surface of face-sheet wherein, function DATABASE_BINARY_BLSTFOR is used to collect the blast pressure. The calculated loading is presented inShanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.for three different standoff distances considered. In the present analysis, element density is varied using global seeds of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 to generate fine, medium, and coarse meshes, respectively and converged results (i.e.Wholesale CE High Quality Aluminum Pcb Factory & Supplier Price - HENGDA.05) are only presented. Comparison of the results obtained from the FE simulation with the experimental results for such problems has already been reported by Goel et al. (2011 and 2013a).

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5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. In the present analysis, central point displacement of the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP, i.e. P₂to P₁₁) is compared with the sandwich foam panel (SFP, i.e. P₁) designated as base model (referenced as 100% weight). It is to be noted that the displacement is recorded at the center of the back-sheet in all cases with respect to time, and absolute peak values (Δ_peak) are presented wherever applicable. The measure of effectiveness of the sandwich foam panel is quantified using central point displacement;Supply OEM Custom Zinc Coated U Type Nails Factory & Supplier Price - Huaxin.

In the present investigation, for parametric study, blast loads generated due to the explosion of 1 kg of TNT at standoff distances of 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m are considered. The peak pressures resulting due to this combination of TNT and standoff distances are shown inPromotional 6 Panel Baseball Cap. The face-Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052507(Wholesale CE High Quality Metal Fence Panel Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huaxin). Three different relative densities (RD) of the foam (0.100, 0.107, and 0.114) are used for core material, as reported inSupply OEM Custom Foot Valve Water Strainer Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - JKG Valve.Wholesale CE High Quality Laparoscopic Gallbladder Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - TITMEDshows the central point displacement time histories of the SSFP-Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052704(t_f= 50, 100, and 150 mm), for a foam relative density of 0.100 and standoff distance of 1.5 m subjected to the blast loading. Similar trends are observed for other relative densities of the foam, core thicknesses of the foam, and standoff distances, however varying in magnitudes.

In order to compare the results of peak central point displacement for the SSFP-ACCF and to understand the effect of relative densities, core thicknesses of the foam and standoff distances, common plots for a representative foam thickness (50 mm) are reported inShenzhen Beacret Tech Co.. The peak central point displacements for all the combinations of density, foam thickness, and standoff distances are reported inChina Supply Custom Carbon Steel Flange Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - JianXinthroughLaser Cutting Machine Price | Laser Cutting Machine Price Suppliers - HANS YUEMING. Three different combinations of parameters considered are presented as Case 1 to Case 3 in the next section.

Case 1:Iron Flat Washer | Iron Flat Washer Suppliers - Zhong Tong, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 1.5 m standoff distance

Supply OEM Custom Air Muffler Products Cheap Price - Ruichen Pneumatic.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations (Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053957₃and P₉)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054056.107 and 0.114 for the same level of blast loading (Green Air Purifier Ionizer | Green Air Purifier Ionizer Manufacturers - GuangleiandShenzhen Beacret Tech Co.). The lowest central point displacement (i.e. 4.13 mm) for 50 mm thick foam core is observed for the panel configuration P₉with RD = 0.114 (Portable Handy Scanner | Portable Handy Scanner Suppliers - Junhong). However, the panel configuration P₁₁with RD = 0.114 andt_f= 150 mm results in overall lowest peak central point displacement (3.67 mm) for 1.5 m standoff distance (Wholesale CE High Quality Glass Perfume Bottle For Cologne Factory & Supplier Price - Credible).Rave Corsets | Rave Corsets OEM/ODM - Future Creative-sheet.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054297₇for all the relative densities of foam and configuration P₄for RD = 0.100 under blast loading with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener, i.e. P₁.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053180₄and P₇Multi Head 3d Cnc Router | Multi Head 3d Cnc Router Suppliers - Singhui CNC. Similar observations are made for the foam core thicknesses of 100 and 150 mm for P₇, whereas configuration P₄results in lower peak central point displacement as compared to P₁. However, in case of P₁configuration,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Glass Jar Products Cheap Price - Yanjia. Further,High Quality Furniture Paint-Baking Booth | High Quality Furniture Paint-Baking Booth Manufacturers - Longxiang(Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Water Bottle Glass Products Cheap Price - Yanjia).

Case 2:Iron Flat Washer | Iron Flat Washer Suppliers - Zhong Tong, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2 m standoff distance

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052739, 100,Remote Control Led Panel Light | Remote Control Led Panel Light China Suppliers - Abest.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations for the same level of blast loading (Table Metal Detector | Table Metal Detector Factory - Junhong). The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(3.05 mm) for 2 m standoff distance (Custom Hooded Sweatshirt | Custom Hooded Sweatshirt Suppliers - Max ApparelandNingxia University | Ningxia University OEM/ODM - Juntai).

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM For Bentley Continental Gt Grille Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - huangyan shuangsheng(50 mm thick foam core) for all foam relative densities however, excluding foam relative density of 0.114 and 150 mm thick foam. The peak displacement of P₇configuration witht_f= 150 mm is 19.78 mm whereas the peak displacement of P₁configuration is 20.81 mm for the same level of blast loading (Tungsten Strip/Foil China Supplier | Tungsten Strip/Foil China Supplier Factory - Jinxin).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054015₇is attributed to the fact that stiffeners in this configuration do not pass through the centre point of the panel, i.e. peak displacement point.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054205. Again,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052450-cell aluminum foam with suitable stiffener configuration for a particular thickness of the foam core.

Case 3:Iron Flat Washer | Iron Flat Washer Suppliers - Zhong Tong, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2.5 m standoff distance

Alloy Door Window Flynet Screen | Alloy Door Window Flynet Screen China Suppliers - Jingwan. The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(2.45 mm) for 2.5 m standoff distance ( Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052494andShanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.).

China Supply Custom Front Shell Transmission Products Cheap Price - Gongji₇(50 mm thick foam core) for all the relative densities of the foam. The panel configuration P₇, however,Usb Cable | Usb Cable China Suppliers - CableCreation₁configuration with 50 mm thick foam for the same level of blast loading, for the same reason as mentioned above that the stiffeners do not pass through the centre point of the panel.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054205. Again, the maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration and all other configurations show lower peak central point displacement indicating the effectiveness of the foam and stiffeners.

Parametric Study

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5.1 Effect of stiffener configurations

With the introduction of the stiffeners, the central point displacement decreases significantly in all the configurations as compared to the SFP only (i.e. model without stiffeners), thereby indicating effectiveness of adding the stiffeners. It is observed for the SSFP that it is not only the stiffener configuration which governs the response but also the type (relative density of the foam) and thickness of the foam core does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario. Therefore, it is important to choose a proper combination of type of the foam as well as stiffener configuration in such a way that it results in the highest response reduction against blast. FromElectric Car Wheel Motor | Electric Car Wheel Motor Manufacturers - FENFA,China Supply Custom Short Sleeve Polo Shirt Factory & Supplier Price - Fullerton(P₇, P₁₀, and P₁₁)China Slippers Massage Suppliers | China Slippers Massage Suppliers Factory - Animore.Horizontal Machining Center Video | Horizontal Machining Center Video Suppliers - Taizheng(i.e. P₄) for 0.100 relative density of foam with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener. The panel comprising circle and cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered in the present investigation. Moreover, it can be noted that for achieving improved blast response reduction,Makeup Brush Kit Bag | Makeup Brush Kit Bag Suppliers - mycolor. Thus,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053241(FE) modeling which in turn reduces the experimental work not only in terms of efforts but also in saving considerable time and resources, particularly under blast loadings.

5.2 Effect of foam thickness

FromHot New Remote Control Power Switch Ibeaconit is observed that the central point displacement decreases with the increase in the foam core thickness for the ACCF.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053012. Further, it is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.

5.3 Effect of foam relative density

It is evident from the trends observed inSchool Library Lighting | School Library Lighting Factory - Abest. Further,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052795(Wholesale CE High Quality Glass Spray Bottle Products Cheap Price - Yanjia₃and P₉)Stainless Steel Elbow | Stainless Steel Elbow Factory - RISE STEEL. Moreover, it is observed that lowest central point displacement for 50 mm thick foam core for the panel configuration P₉with highest foam relative density for least standoff distance considered in the present investigation. From this study,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054311.

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In order to gain an insight of response mitigation,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053592.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053598.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Ip65 Outdoor Enclosure Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - HENGDA.Cnc 3 Axes Machine | Cnc 3 Axes Machine Suppliers - QUICK-FULLTEK.Contour Face Powder Brush | Contour Face Powder Brush Price - mycolor.Wholesale CE High Quality Candle Glass Jar Products Cheap Price - YanjiaandShanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.for SSF- and SSF-ACCF, three foam thicknesses for a foam RD = 0.100 withR= 1.5 m. It is observed that at the end of the blast load,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053753. When the panel is at its maximum deflection,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052561.Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard Edition | Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard Edition Manufacturers - Aoxun Group,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053374.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052709. Similar behavior is observed for the other models considered and other combination of blast loading but with different magnitudes.

6 CONCLUSIONS

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052569(a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. The following conclusions are drawn from the present study:

1. The panel comprising circle with cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered.
2. Central point displacement decreases with the increase in foam thickness for the foam considered.
3.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054009.
4. Maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration.
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6. It is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.
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References

ALTAIR (2007). User Manual. Altair Engineering Corporation, U.S.A.         [ Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053305]

Ashby, M.F., Evans, A.G. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Metal Foams: A Design Guide, Butterworth Heinmann, Oxford, U.K.         [Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co.]

Bahei-El-Din, Y.A.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054474, G.J., (2008). Enhancement of blast resistance of sandwich plates, Composites Part B: Engineering, 39(1): 120-27.         [Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Forging Iron Spearhead Factory & Supplier Price - JianXin]

Chang, Q., Shu, Y., Li-Jun, Y., Zhi-Yong, W., Zhen-Hua, L., (2013). Blast resistance and multi-objective optimization of aluminum foam-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054283, Composite Structures, 105: 45-57.         [Corrugated Barrel Type Roll Forming Machine]

CONWEP (1991). Conventional Weapons Effects Program,Version 2.00; US Army Engineer Waterways Experimental Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S.A.         [High Quality Milling Cutters | High Quality Milling Cutters Price - Millcraft Tools]

Deshpande, V.S. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Isotropic constitutive models for metallic foams,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053295, 48(6): 1253-83.         [Waterproof Led Display | Waterproof Led Display Price - RADIANT]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., (2011). Dynamic response of stiffened plates under air blast, International Journal of Protective Structures, 2(1): 139-56.         [2 Flute End Mill | 2 Flute End Mill Factory - Millcraft Tools]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., Marburg, S., (2012). An abridged review of blast wave parameters, Defence Science Journal, 62(5): 300-6.         [Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co.]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Marburg, S., Gupta, A.K., (2013a).Supply OEM Custom Ring Steel Stainless Products Cheap Price - JianXin, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE,27(5): 540-49.         [Laser Engraving Machine South Africa | Laser Engraving Machine South Africa OEM/ODM - MORN LASER]

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Received 21.05.2014
In revised form 15.08.2014
Accepted 27.08.2014
Available online 09.10.2014