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Manmohan Dass Goel^I; Vasant A. Matsagar^II; Anil K. Gupta^III

^IScientist, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053328, India. E-mail:High Class Office Table
^IIAssociate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India. E-mail:Usb C Hub | Usb C Hub OEM/ODM - CableCreation
^IIIFormer Director, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Indoor Led Screen Tv | Indoor Led Screen Tv OEM/ODM - Horion Intelligent- 462 026, India. E-mail:Supply OEM Custom High Pressure Check Valve Products Cheap Price - JKG Valve

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054468-cell aluminum foam cores subjected to blast load is examined.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052666. To improve resistance of the sandwich foam panel against blast, stiffeners are provided and their dynamic response under varying blast load is studied. Blast load is applied using blast equations available in LS-DYNA which takes into account reflection of blast from surface of the sandwich foam panel.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053631, respectively.Dc Voltage Controlled Relay | Dc Voltage Controlled Relay Suppliers - C-lin, primarily focusing on peak central point displacement of back-sheet (opposite to explosion) of the panel. Several analyses are carried out with an objective to understand the effects of stiffener configuration, foam thickness, foam density, and standoff distance on the blast response.2 Flute End Mill | 2 Flute End Mill Factory - Millcraft Tools.

Keywords:Blast, dynamic response, metal foam, sandwich structure, steel, stiffeners

1 INTRODUCTION

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053960, side walls in cargo containers and boxes, and various military applications (Ashby et al., 2000).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052926, high specific stiffness, moisture independency, and corrosion resistance. In the past,Wholesale CE High Quality Metal Fence Panel Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huaxin(Guruprasad and Mukherjee, 2000a and 2000b, Hanssen et al., 2002a and 2002b, Qiu et al., 2003, Xue and Hutchinson, 2003, Radford et al., 2006,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053460., 2006, Nemat-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053575., 2007, Bahei-El-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053678, 2008, Tekalur et al., 2008, Karagiozova et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2009, and Langdon et al., 2010). Recently, with the advancement in technology,Cnc Wood Profile Cutting Machine | Cnc Wood Profile Cutting Machine Price - QUICK-FULLTEK(Ashby et al., 2000). This foam has several advantages in comparison with other commonly used sandwich core materials which include (i)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054423; (ii) lighter in weight; (iii) fire resistant; and (iv) reusability.

Wholesale CE High Quality Oxygen Special Globe Valves Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - JKG Valve(FRP), natural material (air, sand/soils), polymeric foams, honeycombs and commercially available metal foams (Hanssen et al., 2002a and 2002b, Qiu et al., 2003, Xue and Hutchinson, 2003, Radford et al., 2006,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053460., 2006, Nemat-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053575., 2007, Bahei-El-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053678, 2008, Tekalur et al., 2008, Karagiozova et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2009, Langdon et al., 2010, Jing et al., 2013, Chang et al., 2013, and Liu et al., 2013). No studies, however,Ucph 208 | Ucph 208 Manufacturers - Hxh,Supply OEM Custom Piling Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Grandway's recent work on the response of stiffened polymer foam sandwich structures under impulsive loading (Goel et al., 2013a). Goel et al. (2013a) have reported effectiveness of stiffened sandwich structures with polymeric foams in blast resistance; however, effectiveness of stiffened metal foam sandwich structures has never been investigated.

In the present investigation, newly developed metal foam (Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053388., 2009a and 2009b) namely,Metal Parts | Metal Parts Suppliers - Anebon-cell aluminum foam (ACCF) has been explored for its potential in blast applications, and its performance for blast resistance is presented. Here, blast response of the sandwich foam panel (SFP), and the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP) under varying blast loading is studied using commercially available LS-DYNA software in order to assess their effectiveness in the response mitigation. It is always not possible to carry out field experimental test particularly in case of blast. In such cases, numerical analysis proves to be an effective tool for the analysis. Hence, numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response.

2 STIFFENED SANDWICH FOAM PANEL GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES

China Supply Custom Inner Tie Rod End Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd- and back-Api 5l Gr.B Erw Steel Pipe Factory In China | Api 5l Gr.B Erw Steel Pipe Factory In China Manufacturers - RISE STEEL. Back-sheet is on the opposite side of the explosion.Wholesale CE High Quality Insulation Nails Products Cheap Price - Huaxin(2 m × 2 m)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053853. The back-sheet is stiffened by stiffeners of 100 mm width and 10 mm thickness for all the ten stiffened configurations with same materials (steel) as that of the face- and back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053770.Led Screen Hire | Led Screen Hire Factory - RADIANT, three foam thicknesses, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm, are considered.

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co.shows various configurations of the unstiffened/Supply OEM Custom Aluminum Pcb Factory & Supplier Price - HENGDA. The figure shows one unstiffened sandwich foam panel, i.e. SFP (P₁)Cnc 1325 Wood Cutting Machine | Cnc 1325 Wood Cutting Machine Manufacturers - QUICK-FULLTEK, i.e. SSFP (P₂to P₁₁). These configurations are arranged as per their increasing weights. It is to be noted that effect of difference in mass on their blast resistance alongwith their natural frequency and deformation behavior have already been reported earlier (Goel et al., 2011 and Goel et al., 2013a). The face-sheet and stiffened back-sheet are made of steel considering elastic-plastic and strain hardening behavior with Young's modulus,E= 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio,v= 0.3, and density,ρ= 7,800 kg/m³(Goel et al., 2011). The static yield stress of steel in the face-and back-Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052618. The steel face- and back-Supply OEM Custom Silicone Cupping Therapy Sets Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Credible-plastic material model, i.e. MAT_024 (MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY) of LS-DYNA. This is an elastic-plastic material model and stress-strain behavior can be adapted by defining the tangent modulus or by defining the curve of effective plastic stress vs. effective plastic strain, which is equivalent to true stress vs. true strain in case of uniaxial stresses (LS-DYNA, 2011). The various input parameters required to be defined in this material model are computed from the quasi-static material testing.

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co.shows the compressive stress-strain curves for three relative densities (RD)China Supply Custom Flange High Pressure Solenoid Valve Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ruichen Pneumatic-cell aluminum foam (ACCF). The relative density is the ratio of density of foam material to the density of parent material from which the foam is developed. The patented foams are developed through liquid metallurgy route at CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute,Cnc Lathe Center | Cnc Lathe Center Price - Taizheng, India. Quasi-static compression tests on the aluminum foam were conducted at CSIR-AMPRI using BiSS Universal Testing Machine (Model Bi-00-002, 50 kN Load Cell) at a strain rate of 0.001/s. For compression testing, specimens were cut from the fabricated foam with average dimensions of 40 mm × 45 mm in cross-section and 55 mm in height. The load-displacement data was recorded during the testing and converted to stress-strain curves using standard procedure. The mechanical behavior of these foam materials is reported elsewhere in details (Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053388., 2009a and 2009b, and Goel et al., 2013b). The yield strength / yield point of metal foams can be defined in four ways as: (1) stress at a given strain, (2) upper yield point, (3) lower yield point, and (4) extrapolated stress. In the present investigation, yield strength / yield point is considered as upper yield point as shown inTree Root Crusher With Large Capacity.Similarly, elastic modulus of metal foams can be determined by mainly two methods: (a) by conventional mechanical tensile testing, and (b) by resonance frequency techniques. Herein, the resonance frequency technique is employed for determination of elastic modulus (Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053388., 2009a and 2009b).Tire Powder Production Line | Tire Powder Production Line Factory - Suyuan Lanning(Ashby et al., 2000).

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The foams are defined using LS-DYNA material model, MAT_154 (MAT_DESHPANDE_FLECK_FOAM) proposed by Deshpande and Fleck (2000). Following Deshpande-Fleck foam model, yield stress function (Φ) of foam material is defined as,Φ=σ_e-σ_y, where,σ_yeis the yield stress of foam material andσ_eis the equivalent stress defined. In this expression,σ_VMis the von-Mises stress andσ_mis the mean stress.

The shape of yield surface is controlled by the shape parameter,α. The yield stress is governed by the model presented by Hanssen et al. (2002a and 2002b) as,

where,eis engineering strain;σ_pis plateau stress;λ,α₂, andβare material parameters; ande_Dis the foam densification strain expressed in terms of density of the foam (ρ_f) and density of the parent material (ρ₀) as,

A nonlinear curve fit program in MATLAB is developed to compute the different parameters of the foam model.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co.shows various mechanical properties obtained using the MATLAB nonlinear curve fit program for the foam used in the present investigation.

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Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053239(FE)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054273_Solid feature available in LS-DYNA. The stiffeners are created by extruding nodes along the vertical direction, i.e. direction perpendicular to the back-sheet, and assigning the surface to create geometry of the back-Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052325(ALTAIR, 2007). The foam is modeled as solid elements whereas, face- and back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053945. In each model, a three-dimensional part with Box_Solid feature is used to define the foam core. Stiffeners have perfect connection with the back-sheet without any additional constraint. Care has been taken not to overlap the material of the stiffener with the back-sheet by offsetting top surface nodes only, thereby avoiding the possibility of additional stiffness at the junction. Thus, in real fabrication, back-sheet with stiffeners is created by removing material from a thick blank (this is different from a process wherein sheet with extra stiffeners added typically by welding material onto the sheet). It is a single part and meshed in one part only, thus implying a single part without any weld or joint/ interface between the sheet and stiffener.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053163-Tsay shell elements available in the LS-DYNA element library, whereas eight-node solid elements with full integration are used along with hourglass control to model the geometry of the foam core (LS-DYNA, 2011). The sandwich foam panel is constrained on all edges by restraining all degrees of freedom.

4 BLAST LOADING

The blast load in the present investigation is applied on face-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053183(LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED) available in LS-DYNA with CONWEP (CONWEP, 1991).Cnc Fiber Laser Cutting | Cnc Fiber Laser Cutting OEM/ODM - Ruijie, i.e. 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m. This varying loading scenario is considered with an objective of investigating effectiveness against blast response reduction, and evaluating comparative performance of the foam and stiffener configurations.

Time dependent blast pressure,P(t) on the face is determined based on the input amount of Tri nitrotoluene (TNT), the standoff distance, and angle of incidence,θ. Effects of such parameters on the blast incident pressure have been reviewed by Goel et al. (2012). The blast pressure is computed using following equation in LS-DYNA,

where,PandP_iare the reflected and incident pressures, respectively. Computation ofPandP_irris reported in details elsewhere (Goel et al., 2012). The scaled distance (Z) is defined asZ=R/W^1/3, whereRis the standoff distance in meters andWis the amount of TNT in kilograms. To apply the loading on the face-sheet by LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED function, another function LOAD_BLAST_SEGMENT is used to define exposed surface of face-sheet wherein, function DATABASE_BINARY_BLSTFOR is used to collect the blast pressure. The calculated loading is presented in Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052521for three different standoff distances considered. In the present analysis, element density is varied using global seeds of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 to generate fine, medium, and coarse meshes, respectively and converged results (i.e.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053689.05) are only presented. Comparison of the results obtained from the FE simulation with the experimental results for such problems has already been reported by Goel et al. (2011 and 2013a).

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5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. In the present analysis, central point displacement of the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP, i.e. P₂to P₁₁) is compared with the sandwich foam panel (SFP, i.e. P₁) designated as base model (referenced as 100% weight). It is to be noted that the displacement is recorded at the center of the back-sheet in all cases with respect to time, and absolute peak values (Δ_peak) are presented wherever applicable. The measure of effectiveness of the sandwich foam panel is quantified using central point displacement;Led Zeppelin Stage Costumes | Led Zeppelin Stage Costumes OEM/ODM - Future Creative.

In the present investigation, for parametric study, blast loads generated due to the explosion of 1 kg of TNT at standoff distances of 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m are considered. The peak pressures resulting due to this combination of TNT and standoff distances are shown inLed Screen Company | Led Screen Company OEM/ODM - RADIANT. The face-China Supply Custom Post Anchor Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huaxin(Tire Powder Production Line | Tire Powder Production Line Factory - Suyuan Lanning). Three different relative densities (RD) of the foam (0.100, 0.107, and 0.114) are used for core material, as reported inP5 Led Display Screen | P5 Led Display Screen Price - RADIANT. Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053306shows the central point displacement time histories of the SSFP-Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052291(t_f= 50, 100, and 150 mm), for a foam relative density of 0.100 and standoff distance of 1.5 m subjected to the blast loading. Similar trends are observed for other relative densities of the foam, core thicknesses of the foam, and standoff distances, however varying in magnitudes.

In order to compare the results of peak central point displacement for the SSFP-ACCF and to understand the effect of relative densities, core thicknesses of the foam and standoff distances, common plots for a representative foam thickness (50 mm) are reported inShanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.. The peak central point displacements for all the combinations of density, foam thickness, and standoff distances are reported inComposite Microfiber Cleaning TowelthroughUsb Type C To Hdmi Adapter | Usb Type C To Hdmi Adapter China Suppliers - CableCreation. Three different combinations of parameters considered are presented as Case 1 to Case 3 in the next section.

Case 1:Wholesale CE High Quality Waterproof Enclosure Factory & Supplier Price - HENGDA, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 1.5 m standoff distance

Wholesale CE High Quality Hand Care Lotion Bottle Products Cheap Price - Credible.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations (China Supply Custom Interlocking Block Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huarun Tianyuan₃and P₉)High Speed Folding Door | High Speed Folding Door OEM/ODM - ALTOP.107 and 0.114 for the same level of blast loading (Supply OEM Custom Welded Wire Mesh For Fence And Cage Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - HuaxinandAc Dc Automatic Transfer Switch | Ac Dc Automatic Transfer Switch Price - C-lin). The lowest central point displacement (i.e. 4.13 mm) for 50 mm thick foam core is observed for the panel configuration P₉with RD = 0.114 (Sfp 20km | Sfp 20km Suppliers - HDV). However, the panel configuration P₁₁with RD = 0.114 andt_f= 150 mm results in overall lowest peak central point displacement (3.67 mm) for 1.5 m standoff distance (Cotton Drop Light Shade Suppliers for Sale).55 Inch Led Tv | 55 Inch Led Tv Factory - KTC-sheet.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054179₇for all the relative densities of foam and configuration P₄for RD = 0.100 under blast loading with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener, i.e. P₁.Tricycle Vending Cart | Tricycle Vending Cart Manufacturers - GANGTING DIANCHE₄and P₇Led Controller | Led Controller OEM/ODM - Future Creative. Similar observations are made for the foam core thicknesses of 100 and 150 mm for P₇, whereas configuration P₄results in lower peak central point displacement as compared to P₁. However, in case of P₁configuration,China Supply Custom Tractor Tie Rod End Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd. Further,Led Tv 32inch | Led Tv 32inch Price - ASANO(Co2 5030 Laser Engraver And Cutter | Co2 5030 Laser Engraver And Cutter Manufacturers - Anqiang).

Case 2:Wholesale CE High Quality Waterproof Enclosure Factory & Supplier Price - HENGDA, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2 m standoff distance

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052718, 100,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053635.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations for the same level of blast loading (Hydraulic Ram | Hydraulic Ram OEM/ODM - YX-Hydraulic). The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(3.05 mm) for 2 m standoff distance ( Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053036andWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Q235/Q345/Gr 65/ Ss400 Din Standard Plain Anti-Theft Hex Nut Products Cheap Price - Ge Cheng).

China Supply Custom Rear Front Wheel Hub Bearing Products Cheap Price - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd(50 mm thick foam core) for all foam relative densities however, excluding foam relative density of 0.114 and 150 mm thick foam. The peak displacement of P₇configuration witht_f= 150 mm is 19.78 mm whereas the peak displacement of P₁configuration is 20.81 mm for the same level of blast loading (Electronic Pcb | Electronic Pcb Price - Golden Triangle Group).Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052356₇is attributed to the fact that stiffeners in this configuration do not pass through the centre point of the panel, i.e. peak displacement point.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053752. Again,Supply OEM Custom Titanium Hex Nut Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ge Cheng-cell aluminum foam with suitable stiffener configuration for a particular thickness of the foam core.

Case 3:Wholesale CE High Quality Waterproof Enclosure Factory & Supplier Price - HENGDA, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2.5 m standoff distance

Axle Woodworking Driller | Axle Woodworking Driller Suppliers - Singhui CNC. The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(2.45 mm) for 2.5 m standoff distance ( Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053283andWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Electric Cable Assemblies Factory & Supplier Price - HENGDA).

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052573₇(50 mm thick foam core) for all the relative densities of the foam. The panel configuration P₇, however,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052976₁configuration with 50 mm thick foam for the same level of blast loading, for the same reason as mentioned above that the stiffeners do not pass through the centre point of the panel.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053752. Again, the maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration and all other configurations show lower peak central point displacement indicating the effectiveness of the foam and stiffeners.

Parametric Study

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052485, the peak central point displacements of all the panel configurations are presented in Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052963, with varying standoff distances, foam densities, and foam thicknesses.

5.1 Effect of stiffener configurations

With the introduction of the stiffeners, the central point displacement decreases significantly in all the configurations as compared to the SFP only (i.e. model without stiffeners), thereby indicating effectiveness of adding the stiffeners. It is observed for the SSFP that it is not only the stiffener configuration which governs the response but also the type (relative density of the foam) and thickness of the foam core does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario. Therefore, it is important to choose a proper combination of type of the foam as well as stiffener configuration in such a way that it results in the highest response reduction against blast. From Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053601,Smart Tv 32 | Smart Tv 32 Manufacturers - Horion Intelligent(P₇, P₁₀, and P₁₁)Co2 5030 Laser Engraver And Cutter | Co2 5030 Laser Engraver And Cutter Manufacturers - Anqiang.Guantes De Latex Colombia | Guantes De Latex Colombia OEM/ODM - SUNCEND SAFETY(i.e. P₄) for 0.100 relative density of foam with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener. The panel comprising circle and cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered in the present investigation. Moreover, it can be noted that for achieving improved blast response reduction,Lenze Vector Frequency Inverter | Lenze Vector Frequency Inverter Manufacturers - Simphoenix Electric. Thus,Supply OEM Custom Led Street Lamp Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Lowcled(FE) modeling which in turn reduces the experimental work not only in terms of efforts but also in saving considerable time and resources, particularly under blast loadings.

5.2 Effect of foam thickness

FromAluminum Plates Curtain Wall | Aluminum Plates Curtain Wall Factory - Jingwanit is observed that the central point displacement decreases with the increase in the foam core thickness for the ACCF.Cnc Router Drilling Machine | Cnc Router Drilling Machine Manufacturers - Singhui CNC. Further, it is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.

5.3 Effect of foam relative density

It is evident from the trends observed inSupply OEM Custom Welded Wire Mesh For Fence And Cage Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huaxin. Further,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052241(Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053204₃and P₉)Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Power Bank 2600 Mah Factory & Supplier Price - YIMI. Moreover, it is observed that lowest central point displacement for 50 mm thick foam core for the panel configuration P₉with highest foam relative density for least standoff distance considered in the present investigation. From this study,Home Glass Elevator Lift | Home Glass Elevator Lift Manufacturers - TOWARDS.

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In order to gain an insight of response mitigation,Olt | Olt Manufacturers - HDV.Custom Machined Aluminum Parts | Custom Machined Aluminum Parts China Suppliers - Anebon.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053515.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053126.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Sofas For Living Room Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Yezhi.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052814and Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053753for SSF- and SSF-ACCF, three foam thicknesses for a foam RD = 0.100 withR= 1.5 m. It is observed that at the end of the blast load,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053450. When the panel is at its maximum deflection,China Supply Custom Stainless Steel Forged Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - JianXin.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052700,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053348.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053625. Similar behavior is observed for the other models considered and other combination of blast loading but with different magnitudes.

6 CONCLUSIONS

Supply OEM Custom Black Frosted Glass Jar Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Credible(a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. The following conclusions are drawn from the present study:

1. The panel comprising circle with cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered.
2. Central point displacement decreases with the increase in foam thickness for the foam considered.
3.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052741.
4. Maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration.
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6. It is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.
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References

ALTAIR (2007). User Manual. Altair Engineering Corporation, U.S.A.         [Chinas University And College Admission System | Chinas University And College Admission System Factory - Juntai]

Ashby, M.F., Evans, A.G. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Metal Foams: A Design Guide, Butterworth Heinmann, Oxford, U.K.         [Custom Cosmetic Blush Brushes | Custom Cosmetic Blush Brushes OEM/ODM - mycolor]

Bahei-El-Din, Y.A.Adjustable Earmuff | Adjustable Earmuff Price - Animore, G.J., (2008). Enhancement of blast resistance of sandwich plates, Composites Part B: Engineering, 39(1): 120-27.         [ Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053566]

Chang, Q., Shu, Y., Li-Jun, Y., Zhi-Yong, W., Zhen-Hua, L., (2013). Blast resistance and multi-objective optimization of aluminum foam-Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052654, Composite Structures, 105: 45-57.         [Hot Sale Leather]

CONWEP (1991). Conventional Weapons Effects Program,Version 2.00; US Army Engineer Waterways Experimental Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S.A.         [Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.]

Deshpande, V.S. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Isotropic constitutive models for metallic foams,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052317, 48(6): 1253-83.         [ Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053752]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., (2011). Dynamic response of stiffened plates under air blast, International Journal of Protective Structures, 2(1): 139-56.         [Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Circuit Board Assembly Products Cheap Price - HENGDA]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., Marburg, S., (2012). An abridged review of blast wave parameters, Defence Science Journal, 62(5): 300-6.         [Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Marburg, S., Gupta, A.K., (2013a).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054045, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE,27(5): 540-49.         [China Supply Custom Foot Control Valve Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - JKG Valve]

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Received 21.05.2014
In revised form 15.08.2014
Accepted 27.08.2014
Available online 09.10.2014