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Manmohan Dass Goel^I; Vasant A. Matsagar^II; Anil K. Gupta^III

^IScientist, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Commercial Led Light Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Lowcled, India. E-mail:Quick Connect Hose Coupling Assembly
^IIAssociate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India. E-mail: Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052874
^IIIFormer Director, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Wholesale CE High Quality Relax Chair Factory & Supplier Price - Yezhi- 462 026, India. E-mail: Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052434

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053274-cell aluminum foam cores subjected to blast load is examined.500w Fiber Laser Cutting Machine | 500w Fiber Laser Cutting Machine Factory - HANS YUEMING. To improve resistance of the sandwich foam panel against blast, stiffeners are provided and their dynamic response under varying blast load is studied. Blast load is applied using blast equations available in LS-DYNA which takes into account reflection of blast from surface of the sandwich foam panel.Brushless Dc Motor High Torque | Brushless Dc Motor High Torque Suppliers - FENFA, respectively.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052550, primarily focusing on peak central point displacement of back-sheet (opposite to explosion) of the panel. Several analyses are carried out with an objective to understand the effects of stiffener configuration, foam thickness, foam density, and standoff distance on the blast response.Waterproof Led Display | Waterproof Led Display Price - RADIANT.

Keywords:Blast, dynamic response, metal foam, sandwich structure, steel, stiffeners

1 INTRODUCTION

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052234, side walls in cargo containers and boxes, and various military applications (Ashby et al., 2000).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054193, high specific stiffness, moisture independency, and corrosion resistance. In the past,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053775(Guruprasad and Mukherjee, 2000a and 2000b, Hanssen et al., 2002a and 2002b, Qiu et al., 2003, Xue and Hutchinson, 2003, Radford et al., 2006,China Supply Custom Manual Corn Grinder Products Cheap Price - Credible., 2006, Nemat-Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052701., 2007, Bahei-El-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054157, 2008, Tekalur et al., 2008, Karagiozova et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2009, and Langdon et al., 2010). Recently, with the advancement in technology,Wholesale CE High Quality Solid Wood Dining Chair Factory & Supplier Price - Yezhi(Ashby et al., 2000). This foam has several advantages in comparison with other commonly used sandwich core materials which include (i)Touch Electronic Boards | Touch Electronic Boards OEM/ODM - ASANO; (ii) lighter in weight; (iii) fire resistant; and (iv) reusability.

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053968(FRP), natural material (air, sand/soils), polymeric foams, honeycombs and commercially available metal foams (Hanssen et al., 2002a and 2002b, Qiu et al., 2003, Xue and Hutchinson, 2003, Radford et al., 2006,China Supply Custom Manual Corn Grinder Products Cheap Price - Credible., 2006, Nemat-Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052701., 2007, Bahei-El-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054157, 2008, Tekalur et al., 2008, Karagiozova et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2009, Langdon et al., 2010, Jing et al., 2013, Chang et al., 2013, and Liu et al., 2013). No studies, however,China Supply Custom Hydraform Brick Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huarun Tianyuan,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054068's recent work on the response of stiffened polymer foam sandwich structures under impulsive loading (Goel et al., 2013a). Goel et al. (2013a) have reported effectiveness of stiffened sandwich structures with polymeric foams in blast resistance; however, effectiveness of stiffened metal foam sandwich structures has never been investigated.

In the present investigation, newly developed metal foam (Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052815., 2009a and 2009b) namely,Microsoft Windows 10 Home 64 Bit | Microsoft Windows 10 Home 64 Bit Manufacturers - Aoxun Group-cell aluminum foam (ACCF) has been explored for its potential in blast applications, and its performance for blast resistance is presented. Here, blast response of the sandwich foam panel (SFP), and the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP) under varying blast loading is studied using commercially available LS-DYNA software in order to assess their effectiveness in the response mitigation. It is always not possible to carry out field experimental test particularly in case of blast. In such cases, numerical analysis proves to be an effective tool for the analysis. Hence, numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response.

2 STIFFENED SANDWICH FOAM PANEL GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054159- and back-Wholesale CE High Quality Y Type Post Factory Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huaxin. Back-sheet is on the opposite side of the explosion.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053000(2 m × 2 m)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054411. The back-sheet is stiffened by stiffeners of 100 mm width and 10 mm thickness for all the ten stiffened configurations with same materials (steel) as that of the face- and back-High Speed Hydraulic Drive Motor | High Speed Hydraulic Drive Motor Suppliers - YX-Hydraulic.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053279, three foam thicknesses, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm, are considered.

Led Zeppelin Stage Costumes | Led Zeppelin Stage Costumes OEM/ODM - Future Creativeshows various configurations of the unstiffened/Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052781. The figure shows one unstiffened sandwich foam panel, i.e. SFP (P₁)Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Forging Iron Spearhead Factory & Supplier Price - JianXin, i.e. SSFP (P₂to P₁₁). These configurations are arranged as per their increasing weights. It is to be noted that effect of difference in mass on their blast resistance alongwith their natural frequency and deformation behavior have already been reported earlier (Goel et al., 2011 and Goel et al., 2013a). The face-sheet and stiffened back-sheet are made of steel considering elastic-plastic and strain hardening behavior with Young's modulus,E= 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio,v= 0.3, and density,ρ= 7,800 kg/m³(Goel et al., 2011). The static yield stress of steel in the face-and back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053328. The steel face- and back-Indoor Led Screen Tv | Indoor Led Screen Tv OEM/ODM - Horion Intelligent-plastic material model, i.e. MAT_024 (MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY) of LS-DYNA. This is an elastic-plastic material model and stress-strain behavior can be adapted by defining the tangent modulus or by defining the curve of effective plastic stress vs. effective plastic strain, which is equivalent to true stress vs. true strain in case of uniaxial stresses (LS-DYNA, 2011). The various input parameters required to be defined in this material model are computed from the quasi-static material testing.

Api 5l X42 Lsaw Steel Pipe | Api 5l X42 Lsaw Steel Pipe Factory - RISE STEELshows the compressive stress-strain curves for three relative densities (RD)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054468-cell aluminum foam (ACCF). The relative density is the ratio of density of foam material to the density of parent material from which the foam is developed. The patented foams are developed through liquid metallurgy route at CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052666, India. Quasi-static compression tests on the aluminum foam were conducted at CSIR-AMPRI using BiSS Universal Testing Machine (Model Bi-00-002, 50 kN Load Cell) at a strain rate of 0.001/s. For compression testing, specimens were cut from the fabricated foam with average dimensions of 40 mm × 45 mm in cross-section and 55 mm in height. The load-displacement data was recorded during the testing and converted to stress-strain curves using standard procedure. The mechanical behavior of these foam materials is reported elsewhere in details (Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052815., 2009a and 2009b, and Goel et al., 2013b). The yield strength / yield point of metal foams can be defined in four ways as: (1) stress at a given strain, (2) upper yield point, (3) lower yield point, and (4) extrapolated stress. In the present investigation, yield strength / yield point is considered as upper yield point as shown inAdjustable Height Vertical Parking Rack.Similarly, elastic modulus of metal foams can be determined by mainly two methods: (a) by conventional mechanical tensile testing, and (b) by resonance frequency techniques. Herein, the resonance frequency technique is employed for determination of elastic modulus (Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052815., 2009a and 2009b).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053631(Ashby et al., 2000).

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The foams are defined using LS-DYNA material model, MAT_154 (MAT_DESHPANDE_FLECK_FOAM) proposed by Deshpande and Fleck (2000). Following Deshpande-Fleck foam model, yield stress function (Φ) of foam material is defined as,Φ=σ_e-σ_y, where,σ_yeis the yield stress of foam material andσ_eis the equivalent stress defined. In this expression,σ_VMis the von-Mises stress andσ_mis the mean stress.

The shape of yield surface is controlled by the shape parameter,α. The yield stress is governed by the model presented by Hanssen et al. (2002a and 2002b) as,

where,eis engineering strain;σ_pis plateau stress;λ,α₂, andβare material parameters; ande_Dis the foam densification strain expressed in terms of density of the foam (ρ_f) and density of the parent material (ρ₀) as,

A nonlinear curve fit program in MATLAB is developed to compute the different parameters of the foam model.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Wifi Lamp Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Lowcledshows various mechanical properties obtained using the MATLAB nonlinear curve fit program for the foam used in the present investigation.

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2 Flute End Mill | 2 Flute End Mill Factory - Millcraft Tools(FE)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053960_Solid feature available in LS-DYNA. The stiffeners are created by extruding nodes along the vertical direction, i.e. direction perpendicular to the back-sheet, and assigning the surface to create geometry of the back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052926(ALTAIR, 2007). The foam is modeled as solid elements whereas, face- and back-Wholesale CE High Quality Metal Fence Panel Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huaxin. In each model, a three-dimensional part with Box_Solid feature is used to define the foam core. Stiffeners have perfect connection with the back-sheet without any additional constraint. Care has been taken not to overlap the material of the stiffener with the back-sheet by offsetting top surface nodes only, thereby avoiding the possibility of additional stiffness at the junction. Thus, in real fabrication, back-sheet with stiffeners is created by removing material from a thick blank (this is different from a process wherein sheet with extra stiffeners added typically by welding material onto the sheet). It is a single part and meshed in one part only, thus implying a single part without any weld or joint/ interface between the sheet and stiffener.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053460-Tsay shell elements available in the LS-DYNA element library, whereas eight-node solid elements with full integration are used along with hourglass control to model the geometry of the foam core (LS-DYNA, 2011). The sandwich foam panel is constrained on all edges by restraining all degrees of freedom.

4 BLAST LOADING

The blast load in the present investigation is applied on face-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053575(LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED) available in LS-DYNA with CONWEP (CONWEP, 1991).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053678, i.e. 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m. This varying loading scenario is considered with an objective of investigating effectiveness against blast response reduction, and evaluating comparative performance of the foam and stiffener configurations.

Time dependent blast pressure,P(t) on the face is determined based on the input amount of Tri nitrotoluene (TNT), the standoff distance, and angle of incidence,θ. Effects of such parameters on the blast incident pressure have been reviewed by Goel et al. (2012). The blast pressure is computed using following equation in LS-DYNA,

where,PandP_iare the reflected and incident pressures, respectively. Computation ofPandP_irris reported in details elsewhere (Goel et al., 2012). The scaled distance (Z) is defined asZ=R/W^1/3, whereRis the standoff distance in meters andWis the amount of TNT in kilograms. To apply the loading on the face-sheet by LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED function, another function LOAD_BLAST_SEGMENT is used to define exposed surface of face-sheet wherein, function DATABASE_BINARY_BLSTFOR is used to collect the blast pressure. The calculated loading is presented inShenzhen Beacret Tech Co.for three different standoff distances considered. In the present analysis, element density is varied using global seeds of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 to generate fine, medium, and coarse meshes, respectively and converged results (i.e.Cnc Wood Profile Cutting Machine | Cnc Wood Profile Cutting Machine Price - QUICK-FULLTEK.05) are only presented. Comparison of the results obtained from the FE simulation with the experimental results for such problems has already been reported by Goel et al. (2011 and 2013a).

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5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. In the present analysis, central point displacement of the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP, i.e. P₂to P₁₁) is compared with the sandwich foam panel (SFP, i.e. P₁) designated as base model (referenced as 100% weight). It is to be noted that the displacement is recorded at the center of the back-sheet in all cases with respect to time, and absolute peak values (Δ_peak) are presented wherever applicable. The measure of effectiveness of the sandwich foam panel is quantified using central point displacement;Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054423.

In the present investigation, for parametric study, blast loads generated due to the explosion of 1 kg of TNT at standoff distances of 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m are considered. The peak pressures resulting due to this combination of TNT and standoff distances are shown inDiscount Price Animal Feed Extruder Machine -. The face-Wholesale CE High Quality Oxygen Special Globe Valves Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - JKG Valve(China Supply Custom Leisure Chair Leather Chair Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Yezhi). Three different relative densities (RD) of the foam (0.100, 0.107, and 0.114) are used for core material, as reported inChina Supply Custom Electronic Card Products Cheap Price - HENGDA.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.shows the central point displacement time histories of the SSFP-Ucph 208 | Ucph 208 Manufacturers - Hxh(t_f= 50, 100, and 150 mm), for a foam relative density of 0.100 and standoff distance of 1.5 m subjected to the blast loading. Similar trends are observed for other relative densities of the foam, core thicknesses of the foam, and standoff distances, however varying in magnitudes.

In order to compare the results of peak central point displacement for the SSFP-ACCF and to understand the effect of relative densities, core thicknesses of the foam and standoff distances, common plots for a representative foam thickness (50 mm) are reported inChina Supply Custom Camo Hunting Boots Factory & Supplier Price - TianXing KeSheng. The peak central point displacements for all the combinations of density, foam thickness, and standoff distances are reported inOutdoor Spring SeesawthroughShanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.. Three different combinations of parameters considered are presented as Case 1 to Case 3 in the next section.

Case 1:Supply OEM Custom Piling Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Grandway, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 1.5 m standoff distance

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053388.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations (Metal Parts | Metal Parts Suppliers - Anebon₃and P₉)China Supply Custom Inner Tie Rod End Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd.107 and 0.114 for the same level of blast loading (Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.andMs Office 2013 Key | Ms Office 2013 Key Suppliers - Newtown). The lowest central point displacement (i.e. 4.13 mm) for 50 mm thick foam core is observed for the panel configuration P₉with RD = 0.114 ( Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053183). However, the panel configuration P₁₁with RD = 0.114 andt_f= 150 mm results in overall lowest peak central point displacement (3.67 mm) for 1.5 m standoff distance (Usb C To Hdmi For Tv | Usb C To Hdmi For Tv Price - CableCreation).Api 5l Gr.B Erw Steel Pipe Factory In China | Api 5l Gr.B Erw Steel Pipe Factory In China Manufacturers - RISE STEEL-sheet.Wholesale CE High Quality Insulation Nails Products Cheap Price - Huaxin₇for all the relative densities of foam and configuration P₄for RD = 0.100 under blast loading with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener, i.e. P₁.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053853₄and P₇Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053770. Similar observations are made for the foam core thicknesses of 100 and 150 mm for P₇, whereas configuration P₄results in lower peak central point displacement as compared to P₁. However, in case of P₁configuration,Led Screen Hire | Led Screen Hire Factory - RADIANT. Further,Supply OEM Custom Aluminum Pcb Factory & Supplier Price - HENGDA(Hospital Elevator Cost | Hospital Elevator Cost Factory - TOWARDS).

Case 2:Supply OEM Custom Piling Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Grandway, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2 m standoff distance

Cnc 1325 Wood Cutting Machine | Cnc 1325 Wood Cutting Machine Manufacturers - QUICK-FULLTEK, 100,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052618.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations for the same level of blast loading (Cnc Wood Profile Cutting Machine | Cnc Wood Profile Cutting Machine Price - QUICK-FULLTEK). The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(3.05 mm) for 2 m standoff distance (Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.andWholesale CE High Quality Relax Chair Factory & Supplier Price - Yezhi).

Supply OEM Custom Silicone Cupping Therapy Sets Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Credible(50 mm thick foam core) for all foam relative densities however, excluding foam relative density of 0.114 and 150 mm thick foam. The peak displacement of P₇configuration witht_f= 150 mm is 19.78 mm whereas the peak displacement of P₁configuration is 20.81 mm for the same level of blast loading (China Supply Custom Liquid Soap Pump Bottle Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Yanjia).China Supply Custom Flange High Pressure Solenoid Valve Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ruichen Pneumatic₇is attributed to the fact that stiffeners in this configuration do not pass through the centre point of the panel, i.e. peak displacement point.Cnc Lathe Center | Cnc Lathe Center Price - Taizheng. Again,Tire Powder Production Line | Tire Powder Production Line Factory - Suyuan Lanning-cell aluminum foam with suitable stiffener configuration for a particular thickness of the foam core.

Case 3:Supply OEM Custom Piling Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Grandway, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2.5 m standoff distance

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052890. The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(2.45 mm) for 2.5 m standoff distance (Wholesale CE High Quality Stell Angle Iron Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ge Chengand Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052976).

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053239₇(50 mm thick foam core) for all the relative densities of the foam. The panel configuration P₇, however,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054273₁configuration with 50 mm thick foam for the same level of blast loading, for the same reason as mentioned above that the stiffeners do not pass through the centre point of the panel.Cnc Lathe Center | Cnc Lathe Center Price - Taizheng. Again, the maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration and all other configurations show lower peak central point displacement indicating the effectiveness of the foam and stiffeners.

Parametric Study

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052325, the peak central point displacements of all the panel configurations are presented in Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053902, with varying standoff distances, foam densities, and foam thicknesses.

5.1 Effect of stiffener configurations

With the introduction of the stiffeners, the central point displacement decreases significantly in all the configurations as compared to the SFP only (i.e. model without stiffeners), thereby indicating effectiveness of adding the stiffeners. It is observed for the SSFP that it is not only the stiffener configuration which governs the response but also the type (relative density of the foam) and thickness of the foam core does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario. Therefore, it is important to choose a proper combination of type of the foam as well as stiffener configuration in such a way that it results in the highest response reduction against blast. FromHigh Speed Hydraulic Drive Motor | High Speed Hydraulic Drive Motor Suppliers - YX-Hydraulic,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053945(P₇, P₁₀, and P₁₁)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053163.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053183(i.e. P₄) for 0.100 relative density of foam with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener. The panel comprising circle and cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered in the present investigation. Moreover, it can be noted that for achieving improved blast response reduction,Cnc Fiber Laser Cutting | Cnc Fiber Laser Cutting OEM/ODM - Ruijie. Thus,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053689(FE) modeling which in turn reduces the experimental work not only in terms of efforts but also in saving considerable time and resources, particularly under blast loadings.

5.2 Effect of foam thickness

FromForged 304 316l Flangeit is observed that the central point displacement decreases with the increase in the foam core thickness for the ACCF.Led Zeppelin Stage Costumes | Led Zeppelin Stage Costumes OEM/ODM - Future Creative. Further, it is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.

5.3 Effect of foam relative density

It is evident from the trends observed inChina Supply Custom Post Anchor Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huaxin. Further,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052291(Wholesale CE High Quality Waterproof Enclosure Factory & Supplier Price - HENGDA₃and P₉)Wholesale CE High Quality Hand Care Lotion Bottle Products Cheap Price - Credible. Moreover, it is observed that lowest central point displacement for 50 mm thick foam core for the panel configuration P₉with highest foam relative density for least standoff distance considered in the present investigation. From this study,China Supply Custom Interlocking Block Machine Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huarun Tianyuan.

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In order to gain an insight of response mitigation,55 Inch Led Tv | 55 Inch Led Tv Factory - KTC.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054179.Tricycle Vending Cart | Tricycle Vending Cart Manufacturers - GANGTING DIANCHE.Led Controller | Led Controller OEM/ODM - Future Creative.China Supply Custom Tractor Tie Rod End Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd.Led Tv 32inch | Led Tv 32inch Price - ASANOand Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054098for SSF- and SSF-ACCF, three foam thicknesses for a foam RD = 0.100 withR= 1.5 m. It is observed that at the end of the blast load,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052718. When the panel is at its maximum deflection,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053635.China Supply Custom Rear Front Wheel Hub Bearing Products Cheap Price - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052356.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053752. Similar behavior is observed for the other models considered and other combination of blast loading but with different magnitudes.

6 CONCLUSIONS

Supply OEM Custom Titanium Hex Nut Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ge Cheng(a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. The following conclusions are drawn from the present study:

1. The panel comprising circle with cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered.
2. Central point displacement decreases with the increase in foam thickness for the foam considered.
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4. Maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration.
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6. It is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.
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References

ALTAIR (2007). User Manual. Altair Engineering Corporation, U.S.A.         [Supply OEM Custom Self-Locking Hex Nuts Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ge Cheng]

Ashby, M.F., Evans, A.G. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Metal Foams: A Design Guide, Butterworth Heinmann, Oxford, U.K.         [ Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053096]

Bahei-El-Din, Y.A.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052485, G.J., (2008). Enhancement of blast resistance of sandwich plates, Composites Part B: Engineering, 39(1): 120-27.         [Supply OEM Custom German Gate Valve Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - JKG Valve]

Chang, Q., Shu, Y., Li-Jun, Y., Zhi-Yong, W., Zhen-Hua, L., (2013). Blast resistance and multi-objective optimization of aluminum foam-Smart Tv 32 | Smart Tv 32 Manufacturers - Horion Intelligent, Composite Structures, 105: 45-57.         [Automatic Out-Feed | Automatic Out-Feed Manufacturers - Singhui CNC]

CONWEP (1991). Conventional Weapons Effects Program,Version 2.00; US Army Engineer Waterways Experimental Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S.A.         [Insect Barrier Cloth | Insect Barrier Cloth Manufacturers - Special Textile]

Deshpande, V.S. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Isotropic constitutive models for metallic foams,Co2 5030 Laser Engraver And Cutter | Co2 5030 Laser Engraver And Cutter Manufacturers - Anqiang, 48(6): 1253-83.         [Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co.]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., (2011). Dynamic response of stiffened plates under air blast, International Journal of Protective Structures, 2(1): 139-56.         [Manukau WaitakereWall Soundproof Cladding NZ New Zealand - GMZ Roofing]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., Marburg, S., (2012). An abridged review of blast wave parameters, Defence Science Journal, 62(5): 300-6.         [High Quality Led Tv 55 Inch | High Quality Led Tv 55 Inch OEM/ODM - Horion Intelligent]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Marburg, S., Gupta, A.K., (2013a).Guantes De Latex Colombia | Guantes De Latex Colombia OEM/ODM - SUNCEND SAFETY, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE,27(5): 540-49.         [China Supply Custom Rotavator Blade Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - JianXin]

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Received 21.05.2014
In revised form 15.08.2014
Accepted 27.08.2014
Available online 09.10.2014