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Manmohan Dass Goel^I; Vasant A. Matsagar^II; Anil K. Gupta^III

^IScientist, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052360, India. E-mail:4g Police Body Camera Factory OEM/ODM Products
^IIAssociate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India. E-mail:Ms Office 2013 Key | Ms Office 2013 Key Suppliers - Newtown
^IIIFormer Director, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Guantes Para Trabajar Con Hielo | Guantes Para Trabajar Con Hielo Price - SUNCEND SAFETY- 462 026, India. E-mail: Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053183

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Oil Transfer Gear Pump Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd-cell aluminum foam cores subjected to blast load is examined.China Supply Custom Filter Foot Valve Factory & Supplier Price - JKG Valve. To improve resistance of the sandwich foam panel against blast, stiffeners are provided and their dynamic response under varying blast load is studied. Blast load is applied using blast equations available in LS-DYNA which takes into account reflection of blast from surface of the sandwich foam panel.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Auto Control Arm Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd, respectively.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053200, primarily focusing on peak central point displacement of back-sheet (opposite to explosion) of the panel. Several analyses are carried out with an objective to understand the effects of stiffener configuration, foam thickness, foam density, and standoff distance on the blast response.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053602.

Keywords:Blast, dynamic response, metal foam, sandwich structure, steel, stiffeners

1 INTRODUCTION

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053804, side walls in cargo containers and boxes, and various military applications (Ashby et al., 2000).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053473, high specific stiffness, moisture independency, and corrosion resistance. In the past,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053923(Guruprasad and Mukherjee, 2000a and 2000b, Hanssen et al., 2002a and 2002b, Qiu et al., 2003, Xue and Hutchinson, 2003, Radford et al., 2006,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054169., 2006, Nemat-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054416., 2007, Bahei-El-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Gears Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Gongji, 2008, Tekalur et al., 2008, Karagiozova et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2009, and Langdon et al., 2010). Recently, with the advancement in technology,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM High Quality Portable Bluetooth Speakers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - YIMI(Ashby et al., 2000). This foam has several advantages in comparison with other commonly used sandwich core materials which include (i)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053676; (ii) lighter in weight; (iii) fire resistant; and (iv) reusability.

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054151(FRP), natural material (air, sand/soils), polymeric foams, honeycombs and commercially available metal foams (Hanssen et al., 2002a and 2002b, Qiu et al., 2003, Xue and Hutchinson, 2003, Radford et al., 2006,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054169., 2006, Nemat-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054416., 2007, Bahei-El-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Gears Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Gongji, 2008, Tekalur et al., 2008, Karagiozova et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2009, Langdon et al., 2010, Jing et al., 2013, Chang et al., 2013, and Liu et al., 2013). No studies, however,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052967,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053672's recent work on the response of stiffened polymer foam sandwich structures under impulsive loading (Goel et al., 2013a). Goel et al. (2013a) have reported effectiveness of stiffened sandwich structures with polymeric foams in blast resistance; however, effectiveness of stiffened metal foam sandwich structures has never been investigated.

In the present investigation, newly developed metal foam (Wholesale CE High Quality Steel Toe Safety Boots Factory & Supplier Price - TianXing KeSheng., 2009a and 2009b) namely,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053443-cell aluminum foam (ACCF) has been explored for its potential in blast applications, and its performance for blast resistance is presented. Here, blast response of the sandwich foam panel (SFP), and the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP) under varying blast loading is studied using commercially available LS-DYNA software in order to assess their effectiveness in the response mitigation. It is always not possible to carry out field experimental test particularly in case of blast. In such cases, numerical analysis proves to be an effective tool for the analysis. Hence, numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response.

2 STIFFENED SANDWICH FOAM PANEL GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053873- and back-Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Usb Charger Pcb Assembly Products Cheap Price - HENGDA. Back-sheet is on the opposite side of the explosion.Washing Gloves | Washing Gloves Factory - SUNCEND SAFETY(2 m × 2 m)China Supply Custom T8 Light Products Cheap Price - Lowcled. The back-sheet is stiffened by stiffeners of 100 mm width and 10 mm thickness for all the ten stiffened configurations with same materials (steel) as that of the face- and back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054318.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052327, three foam thicknesses, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm, are considered.

Hospital Elevator Cost | Hospital Elevator Cost Factory - TOWARDSshows various configurations of the unstiffened/China Supply Custom Flex Pcb Assembly Factory & Supplier Price - HENGDA. The figure shows one unstiffened sandwich foam panel, i.e. SFP (P₁)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052924, i.e. SSFP (P₂to P₁₁). These configurations are arranged as per their increasing weights. It is to be noted that effect of difference in mass on their blast resistance alongwith their natural frequency and deformation behavior have already been reported earlier (Goel et al., 2011 and Goel et al., 2013a). The face-sheet and stiffened back-sheet are made of steel considering elastic-plastic and strain hardening behavior with Young's modulus,E= 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio,v= 0.3, and density,ρ= 7,800 kg/m³(Goel et al., 2011). The static yield stress of steel in the face-and back-Auckland North Shore Mix Color Roof Tile NZ New Zealand - GMZ Roofing. The steel face- and back-Stainless Steel Cnc Machining Services | Stainless Steel Cnc Machining Services Price - Anebon-plastic material model, i.e. MAT_024 (MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY) of LS-DYNA. This is an elastic-plastic material model and stress-strain behavior can be adapted by defining the tangent modulus or by defining the curve of effective plastic stress vs. effective plastic strain, which is equivalent to true stress vs. true strain in case of uniaxial stresses (LS-DYNA, 2011). The various input parameters required to be defined in this material model are computed from the quasi-static material testing.

Cnc Wood Profile Cutting Machine | Cnc Wood Profile Cutting Machine Price - QUICK-FULLTEKshows the compressive stress-strain curves for three relative densities (RD)Wholesale CE High Quality Y Type Strainers Products Cheap Price - JKG Valve-cell aluminum foam (ACCF). The relative density is the ratio of density of foam material to the density of parent material from which the foam is developed. The patented foams are developed through liquid metallurgy route at CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052863, India. Quasi-static compression tests on the aluminum foam were conducted at CSIR-AMPRI using BiSS Universal Testing Machine (Model Bi-00-002, 50 kN Load Cell) at a strain rate of 0.001/s. For compression testing, specimens were cut from the fabricated foam with average dimensions of 40 mm × 45 mm in cross-section and 55 mm in height. The load-displacement data was recorded during the testing and converted to stress-strain curves using standard procedure. The mechanical behavior of these foam materials is reported elsewhere in details (Wholesale CE High Quality Steel Toe Safety Boots Factory & Supplier Price - TianXing KeSheng., 2009a and 2009b, and Goel et al., 2013b). The yield strength / yield point of metal foams can be defined in four ways as: (1) stress at a given strain, (2) upper yield point, (3) lower yield point, and (4) extrapolated stress. In the present investigation, yield strength / yield point is considered as upper yield point as shown inChina Supply Custom Y Strainer Valve Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - JKG Valve.Similarly, elastic modulus of metal foams can be determined by mainly two methods: (a) by conventional mechanical tensile testing, and (b) by resonance frequency techniques. Herein, the resonance frequency technique is employed for determination of elastic modulus (Wholesale CE High Quality Steel Toe Safety Boots Factory & Supplier Price - TianXing KeSheng., 2009a and 2009b).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054048(Ashby et al., 2000).

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The foams are defined using LS-DYNA material model, MAT_154 (MAT_DESHPANDE_FLECK_FOAM) proposed by Deshpande and Fleck (2000). Following Deshpande-Fleck foam model, yield stress function (Φ) of foam material is defined as,Φ=σ_e-σ_y, where,σ_yeis the yield stress of foam material andσ_eis the equivalent stress defined. In this expression,σ_VMis the von-Mises stress andσ_mis the mean stress.

The shape of yield surface is controlled by the shape parameter,α. The yield stress is governed by the model presented by Hanssen et al. (2002a and 2002b) as,

where,eis engineering strain;σ_pis plateau stress;λ,α₂, andβare material parameters; ande_Dis the foam densification strain expressed in terms of density of the foam (ρ_f) and density of the parent material (ρ₀) as,

A nonlinear curve fit program in MATLAB is developed to compute the different parameters of the foam model.Wholesale CE High Quality Relax Chair Factory & Supplier Price - Yezhishows various mechanical properties obtained using the MATLAB nonlinear curve fit program for the foam used in the present investigation.

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Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053822(FE)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053342_Solid feature available in LS-DYNA. The stiffeners are created by extruding nodes along the vertical direction, i.e. direction perpendicular to the back-sheet, and assigning the surface to create geometry of the back-Portable Mini Fiber Laser Marking Machine | Portable Mini Fiber Laser Marking Machine Factory - LXSHOW(ALTAIR, 2007). The foam is modeled as solid elements whereas, face- and back-Laser Rust Removal Laser Machine | Laser Rust Removal Laser Machine Manufacturers - MORN LASER. In each model, a three-dimensional part with Box_Solid feature is used to define the foam core. Stiffeners have perfect connection with the back-sheet without any additional constraint. Care has been taken not to overlap the material of the stiffener with the back-sheet by offsetting top surface nodes only, thereby avoiding the possibility of additional stiffness at the junction. Thus, in real fabrication, back-sheet with stiffeners is created by removing material from a thick blank (this is different from a process wherein sheet with extra stiffeners added typically by welding material onto the sheet). It is a single part and meshed in one part only, thus implying a single part without any weld or joint/ interface between the sheet and stiffener.Custom Hooded Sweatshirt | Custom Hooded Sweatshirt Suppliers - Max Apparel-Tsay shell elements available in the LS-DYNA element library, whereas eight-node solid elements with full integration are used along with hourglass control to model the geometry of the foam core (LS-DYNA, 2011). The sandwich foam panel is constrained on all edges by restraining all degrees of freedom.

4 BLAST LOADING

The blast load in the present investigation is applied on face-Usb Room Air Purifier | Usb Room Air Purifier Price - Guanglei(LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED) available in LS-DYNA with CONWEP (CONWEP, 1991).Tungsten Carbide Extrusion Dies | Tungsten Carbide Extrusion Dies Suppliers - Jinxin, i.e. 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m. This varying loading scenario is considered with an objective of investigating effectiveness against blast response reduction, and evaluating comparative performance of the foam and stiffener configurations.

Time dependent blast pressure,P(t) on the face is determined based on the input amount of Tri nitrotoluene (TNT), the standoff distance, and angle of incidence,θ. Effects of such parameters on the blast incident pressure have been reviewed by Goel et al. (2012). The blast pressure is computed using following equation in LS-DYNA,

where,PandP_iare the reflected and incident pressures, respectively. Computation ofPandP_irris reported in details elsewhere (Goel et al., 2012). The scaled distance (Z) is defined asZ=R/W^1/3, whereRis the standoff distance in meters andWis the amount of TNT in kilograms. To apply the loading on the face-sheet by LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED function, another function LOAD_BLAST_SEGMENT is used to define exposed surface of face-sheet wherein, function DATABASE_BINARY_BLSTFOR is used to collect the blast pressure. The calculated loading is presented inWholesale CE High Quality Stell Angle Iron Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ge Chengfor three different standoff distances considered. In the present analysis, element density is varied using global seeds of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 to generate fine, medium, and coarse meshes, respectively and converged results (i.e.Type C To Micro Usb Connector | Type C To Micro Usb Connector OEM/ODM - CableCreation.05) are only presented. Comparison of the results obtained from the FE simulation with the experimental results for such problems has already been reported by Goel et al. (2011 and 2013a).

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5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. In the present analysis, central point displacement of the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP, i.e. P₂to P₁₁) is compared with the sandwich foam panel (SFP, i.e. P₁) designated as base model (referenced as 100% weight). It is to be noted that the displacement is recorded at the center of the back-sheet in all cases with respect to time, and absolute peak values (Δ_peak) are presented wherever applicable. The measure of effectiveness of the sandwich foam panel is quantified using central point displacement;Supply OEM Custom Compression Shorts Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Fullerton.

In the present investigation, for parametric study, blast loads generated due to the explosion of 1 kg of TNT at standoff distances of 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m are considered. The peak pressures resulting due to this combination of TNT and standoff distances are shown inVirtual Pixels P16 2rgb Full Color Outdoor Led Display | Virtual Pixels P16 2rgb Full Color Outdoor Led Display China Suppliers - RADIANT. The face-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054118( Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053902). Three different relative densities (RD) of the foam (0.100, 0.107, and 0.114) are used for core material, as reported inHigh Speed Hydraulic Drive Motor | High Speed Hydraulic Drive Motor Suppliers - YX-Hydraulic. Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054098shows the central point displacement time histories of the SSFP-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053889(t_f= 50, 100, and 150 mm), for a foam relative density of 0.100 and standoff distance of 1.5 m subjected to the blast loading. Similar trends are observed for other relative densities of the foam, core thicknesses of the foam, and standoff distances, however varying in magnitudes.

In order to compare the results of peak central point displacement for the SSFP-ACCF and to understand the effect of relative densities, core thicknesses of the foam and standoff distances, common plots for a representative foam thickness (50 mm) are reported inSupply OEM Custom Self-Locking Hex Nuts Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ge Cheng. The peak central point displacements for all the combinations of density, foam thickness, and standoff distances are reported inUnicorn Educational Toythrough Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053096. Three different combinations of parameters considered are presented as Case 1 to Case 3 in the next section.

Case 1:Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052874, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 1.5 m standoff distance

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054194.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations (Win 10 Pro Italian Oem | Win 10 Pro Italian Oem Suppliers - Newtown₃and P₉)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053079.107 and 0.114 for the same level of blast loading (Supply OEM Custom German Gate Valve Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - JKG ValveandInsect Barrier Cloth | Insect Barrier Cloth Manufacturers - Special Textile). The lowest central point displacement (i.e. 4.13 mm) for 50 mm thick foam core is observed for the panel configuration P₉with RD = 0.114 (Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co.). However, the panel configuration P₁₁with RD = 0.114 andt_f= 150 mm results in overall lowest peak central point displacement (3.67 mm) for 1.5 m standoff distance (Supply OEM Custom Tray Products Cheap Price - Gongji).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053433-sheet.High Cut Shoes | High Cut Shoes OEM/ODM - SUNCEND SAFETY₇for all the relative densities of foam and configuration P₄for RD = 0.100 under blast loading with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener, i.e. P₁.China Supply Custom Top Rated Power Banks Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - YIMI₄and P₇Man Hoody | Man Hoody Manufacturers - Max Apparel. Similar observations are made for the foam core thicknesses of 100 and 150 mm for P₇, whereas configuration P₄results in lower peak central point displacement as compared to P₁. However, in case of P₁configuration,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Engine Cover For Nissan Gt-R Factory & Supplier Price - huangyan shuangsheng. Further,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054049(Manukau WaitakereWall Soundproof Cladding NZ New Zealand - GMZ Roofing).

Case 2:Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052874, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2 m standoff distance

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054340, 100,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054124.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations for the same level of blast loading (High Quality Led Tv 55 Inch | High Quality Led Tv 55 Inch OEM/ODM - Horion Intelligent). The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(3.05 mm) for 2 m standoff distance (Supply OEM Custom Zinc Coated U Type Nails Factory & Supplier Price - Huaxinand Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054340).

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052409(50 mm thick foam core) for all foam relative densities however, excluding foam relative density of 0.114 and 150 mm thick foam. The peak displacement of P₇configuration witht_f= 150 mm is 19.78 mm whereas the peak displacement of P₁configuration is 20.81 mm for the same level of blast loading (Pvc Pulverizing Mill | Pvc Pulverizing Mill Suppliers - Suyuan Lanning).Rubies Dinosaur Costume | Rubies Dinosaur Costume Manufacturers - Ocean Art₇is attributed to the fact that stiffeners in this configuration do not pass through the centre point of the panel, i.e. peak displacement point.Stainless steel food kiosk in Dubai | Stainless steel food kiosk in Dubai Factory - GANGTING DIANCHE. Again,Negative Ions Air Cleaner | Negative Ions Air Cleaner Manufacturers - Guanglei-cell aluminum foam with suitable stiffener configuration for a particular thickness of the foam core.

Case 3:Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052874, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2.5 m standoff distance

China Supply Custom Brass Hex Screw Nut Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ge Cheng. The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(2.45 mm) for 2.5 m standoff distance ( Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053131andWholesale CE High Quality Bluetooth Speaker Audio Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - YIMI).

Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052388₇(50 mm thick foam core) for all the relative densities of the foam. The panel configuration P₇, however,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053414₁configuration with 50 mm thick foam for the same level of blast loading, for the same reason as mentioned above that the stiffeners do not pass through the centre point of the panel.Stainless steel food kiosk in Dubai | Stainless steel food kiosk in Dubai Factory - GANGTING DIANCHE. Again, the maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration and all other configurations show lower peak central point displacement indicating the effectiveness of the foam and stiffeners.

Parametric Study

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053494, the peak central point displacements of all the panel configurations are presented in Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052576, with varying standoff distances, foam densities, and foam thicknesses.

5.1 Effect of stiffener configurations

With the introduction of the stiffeners, the central point displacement decreases significantly in all the configurations as compared to the SFP only (i.e. model without stiffeners), thereby indicating effectiveness of adding the stiffeners. It is observed for the SSFP that it is not only the stiffener configuration which governs the response but also the type (relative density of the foam) and thickness of the foam core does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario. Therefore, it is important to choose a proper combination of type of the foam as well as stiffener configuration in such a way that it results in the highest response reduction against blast. FromWholesale CE High Quality Textile Machinery Accessories Factory & Supplier Price - Gongji,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053718(P₇, P₁₀, and P₁₁)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054414.Supply OEM Custom Leisure Chair Use Coffee Shop Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Yezhi(i.e. P₄) for 0.100 relative density of foam with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener. The panel comprising circle and cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered in the present investigation. Moreover, it can be noted that for achieving improved blast response reduction,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052556. Thus,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052722(FE) modeling which in turn reduces the experimental work not only in terms of efforts but also in saving considerable time and resources, particularly under blast loadings.

5.2 Effect of foam thickness

FromButt Weld Tube Connectorsit is observed that the central point displacement decreases with the increase in the foam core thickness for the ACCF.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052648. Further, it is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.

5.3 Effect of foam relative density

It is evident from the trends observed inHorizontal Cnc Lathe Function | Horizontal Cnc Lathe Function Factory - Taizheng. Further,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052445(Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053228₃and P₉)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054440. Moreover, it is observed that lowest central point displacement for 50 mm thick foam core for the panel configuration P₉with highest foam relative density for least standoff distance considered in the present investigation. From this study,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053597.

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In order to gain an insight of response mitigation,Supply OEM Custom Zinc Coated U Type Nails Factory & Supplier Price - Huaxin.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052507.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052704.Iron Flat Washer | Iron Flat Washer Suppliers - Zhong Tong.Supply OEM Custom Air Muffler Products Cheap Price - Ruichen Pneumatic.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053957andShanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.for SSF- and SSF-ACCF, three foam thicknesses for a foam RD = 0.100 withR= 1.5 m. It is observed that at the end of the blast load,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054056. When the panel is at its maximum deflection,Rave Corsets | Rave Corsets OEM/ODM - Future Creative.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054297,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053180.Multi Head 3d Cnc Router | Multi Head 3d Cnc Router Suppliers - Singhui CNC. Similar behavior is observed for the other models considered and other combination of blast loading but with different magnitudes.

6 CONCLUSIONS

Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Glass Jar Products Cheap Price - Yanjia(a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. The following conclusions are drawn from the present study:

1. The panel comprising circle with cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered.
2. Central point displacement decreases with the increase in foam thickness for the foam considered.
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4. Maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration.
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6. It is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.
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References

ALTAIR (2007). User Manual. Altair Engineering Corporation, U.S.A.         [ Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054423]

Ashby, M.F., Evans, A.G. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Metal Foams: A Design Guide, Butterworth Heinmann, Oxford, U.K.         [Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co.]

Bahei-El-Din, Y.A.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM For Bentley Continental Gt Grille Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - huangyan shuangsheng, G.J., (2008). Enhancement of blast resistance of sandwich plates, Composites Part B: Engineering, 39(1): 120-27.         [Wholesale CE High Quality Drop Forged Steel Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - JianXin]

Chang, Q., Shu, Y., Li-Jun, Y., Zhi-Yong, W., Zhen-Hua, L., (2013). Blast resistance and multi-objective optimization of aluminum foam-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054015, Composite Structures, 105: 45-57.         [Wholesale CE High Quality Good Small Bluetooth Speakers Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - YIMI]

CONWEP (1991). Conventional Weapons Effects Program,Version 2.00; US Army Engineer Waterways Experimental Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S.A.         [Louver Fence Panels | Louver Fence Panels Manufacturers - ALTOP]

Deshpande, V.S. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Isotropic constitutive models for metallic foams,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054205, 48(6): 1253-83.         [Supply OEM Custom Cattle Fence Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huaxin]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., (2011). Dynamic response of stiffened plates under air blast, International Journal of Protective Structures, 2(1): 139-56.         [12 Core Fiber Optic Cable | 12 Core Fiber Optic Cable Manufacturers - TTI Fiber]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., Marburg, S., (2012). An abridged review of blast wave parameters, Defence Science Journal, 62(5): 300-6.         [ Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053473]

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Received 21.05.2014
In revised form 15.08.2014
Accepted 27.08.2014
Available online 09.10.2014