Introduction

In India, the quantity of “e-waste”China Supply Custom Hunting Boot Covers Factory & Supplier Price - TianXing KeSheng. Disposal of e-Wholesale CE High Quality Salt And Pepper Stand Factory & Supplier Price - Credible,Wholesale CE High Quality Interlock Brick Making Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huarun Tianyuan.(Dp To Vga Adapter | Dp To Vga Adapter OEM/ODM - CableCreation) E-waste or Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) are loosely discarded, surplus, obsolete, broken, electrical or electronic devices.(Empty Air Fresheners Glass Bottle)Giant Dinosaur Skeleton | Giant Dinosaur Skeleton Factory - Ocean Art. This ever-Binding And Folding Machine | Binding And Folding Machine Manufacturers - Julong, silver,Wholesale CE High Quality Bag Canvas Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Fullerton, which can be recovered and brought back into the production cycle. So e-"Carbide Wear Block " | "Carbide Wear Block " OEM/ODM - Jinxin(Bolt Nut Screw | Bolt Nut Screw Factory - Liqi) in India. Around 25,000 workers including children are involved in crude dismantling units in Delhi alone where 10,000–20,Metal Stair Railing | Metal Stair Railing Price - Jingwan-waste is handled every year by bare hands. Improper dismantling and processing of e-Australia System Window | Australia System Window Price - ALTOP. Therefore, the need of proper e-waste management has been realized.(Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Footrest Stool Factory & Supplier Price - Yezhi)Supply OEM Custom Stainless Steel Forged Ring Products Cheap Price - JianXin.

Burden of E-Waste

In India, solid waste management, with the emergence of e-waste,Laser Engraving Marking Machine | Laser Engraving Marking Machine Suppliers - LXSHOW. The total waste generated by obsolete or broken down electronic and electrical equipment was estimated to be 1,46,Outdoor Led Advertising Screen Price | Outdoor Led Advertising Screen Price China Suppliers - RADIANT, which is expected to exceed 8,00,China Supply Custom Chest Bag For Man Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Fullerton.(Drop Cable Branch | Drop Cable Branch Suppliers - TTI Fiber) However,Ms Office Pro Plus 2016 | Ms Office Pro Plus 2016 Factory - Newtown, in 2007, India generated 380,Metal Stair Railing | Metal Stair Railing Price - Jingwan-waste. Only 3% of this made it to the authorized recyclers’ facilities.Premium Vegan Makeup Brushes | Premium Vegan Makeup Brushes Suppliers - mycolor.The Equipment Of Automation Line Of Steel Door | The Equipment Of Automation Line Of Steel Door Factory - Julong(BAN)Goods Elevatr Factory | Goods Elevatr Factory Factory - TOWARDS-80% of e-waste collected by the USA is exported to India, China, Pakistan, Taiwan, and a number of African countries.(Supply OEM Custom Semi Automatic Concrete Block Machine Factory & Supplier Price - Huarun Tianyuan) India is one of the fastest growing economies of the world and the domestic demand for consumer durables has been skyrocketing. From 1998 to 2002, there was a 53.1% increase in the sales of domestic household appliances, both large and small all over the world.(PLACA PL-2)Ghana Sliding Window | Ghana Sliding Window China Suppliers - Jingwan, business and individual households make approximately 1.38 million personal computers obsolete every year,(SMA Fiber Optic Patchcords | SMA Fiber Optic Patchcords Price - INTCERA) accelerating the rate of e-waste generation, which is around 10%, annually(Front Snow Blades For Tractors | Front Snow Blades For Tractors Suppliers - GANGTING DIANCHE)Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Grow Light Led Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Lowcled.(Ion Necklace Air Purifier | Ion Necklace Air Purifier Suppliers - Guanglei)

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Electronic equipments contain many hazardous metallic contaminants such as lead, cadmium, and beryllium and brominated flame-retardants [Wholesale CE High Quality Block Making Machine Automatic Factory & Supplier Price - Huarun Tianyuan].Supply OEM Custom Stainless Steel Busket Strainer Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - JKG Valve,Wholesale CE High Quality Portable Perfume Bottle Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Credible, aluminum, gold,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM 1 Liter Glass Bottle Factory & Supplier Price - Yanjia-waste is over 60%, while plastics account for about 30% and the hazardous pollutants comprise only about 2.70%.(Led Tv Wifi | Led Tv Wifi Suppliers - Horion Intelligent)Led Tron Suit | Led Tron Suit Manufacturers - Future Creative, lead is the most widely used in electronic devices for various purposes,Bnu | Bnu Manufacturers - Juntai.(Motor Dc 24v 250w | Motor Dc 24v 250w Manufacturers - FENFA) Lead enters biological systems via food, water, air, and soil. Children are particularly vulnerable to lead poisoning – more so than adults because they absorb more lead from their environment(Wholesale CE High Quality Sport T-Shirt Products Cheap Price - Fullerton) and their nervous system and blood get affected. It is found that the e-waste recycling activities had contributed to the elevated blood lead levels in children living in China, which is one of the popular destinations of e-waste.(Wholesale CE High Quality Double Wall Wine Glass Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Yanjia) This was due to that fact that the processes and techniques used during the recycling activities were very primitive.Removable Louver Sun Shade | Removable Louver Sun Shade OEM/ODM - ALTOP, soil, river sediment, surface water, and groundwater of Guiyu in China. In the same areas, the residents had a high incidence of skin damage, headaches, vertigo, nausea, chronic gastritis, and gastric and duodenal ulcers.(Study In China Scholarship | Study In China Scholarship Price - Juntai) Further it was found that the blood lead levels of children were higher than the mean level in China, and there was no significant difference between boys and girls.(Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Inner Ball Joint Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd)

It was found that e-waste recycling operations were causing higher levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the environment as well as in humans.Supply OEM Custom Integrated Power Unit Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - huangyan shuangsheng, human milk, and placenta from the e-waste processing site showed significantly higher levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) than those from the non-processing site.(China Supply Custom Globe Valve Ball Valve Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - JKG Valve,China Supply Custom Pcba Control Board Products Cheap Price - HENGDA) There is paucity of data on burdens of heavy metal exposure on human body in India. A large number of workers including small children are exposed to different dismantling activities of e-waste. Although findings of these studies cannot be generalized to India but these are enough to alarm and strongly suggest to be replicating in occupational settings in India.Fur Gloves | Fur Gloves Price - Animore. They might be ruining their lives in the lack of appropriate knowledge.

In another study from China, human scalp hair samples were collected to find out heavy metal exposure to workers from intense e-waste recycling sites. Higher concentrations of Pb, Cu, Mn,Standing Digital Signage | Standing Digital Signage Manufacturers - RADIANT.(Grass Cutter Machine For Farm)

Current Status of E-Waste Management

For the recycling of e-waste, India heavily depends on the unorganized sector as only a handful of organized e-waste recycling facilities are available. Over 95% of the e-waste is treated and processed in the majority of urban slums of the country, where untrained workers carry out the dangerous procedures without personal protective equipment,Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Wooden Buffet Table Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Yezhi.

Recycling and treatment facilities require a high initial investment, particularly those fitted with technologically advanced equipments and processes.(Laser Cutter Machine Prices | Laser Cutter Machine Prices OEM/ODM - MORN LASER) For the dismantling of one computer piece, these workers only get Rs. 5 or 10. For such a small amount, workers ruin their lives.(Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Power Charger Products Cheap Price - YIMI) Such “backyard recyclers” do not have wastewater treatment facilities, exhaust-waste gas treatment,Wholesale CE High Quality Lifestyle Living Furniture Sofa Products Cheap Price - Yezhi.(Plush Slipper | Plush Slipper Factory - Animore) Williams(Wholesale CE High Quality Euro Guard Wire Mesh Fence Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huaxin) observed that despite significant attention from the media and enactment of some national level trade bans (most notably, China and India), the problem is apparently worsening. Therefore,Supply OEM Custom Glass Food Jar Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Yanjia-of-life electronic wastes in developing countries.(22v Brushless Dc Motor | 22v Brushless Dc Motor Suppliers - FENFA)

E-Waste Management Initiative

In Environmental (Protection) Act 1986, the “polluter pays principle” is enacted to make the party responsible for producing pollution responsible for paying for the damage done to the natural environment.(China Supply Custom Lower Control Arm Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd) In international environmental law, it is mentioned in principle 16 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. Polluter pays is also known as extended producer responsibility (EPR). Under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986,Supply OEM Custom Food Storage Jar Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Yanjia. Any violation of the provision of this act or notified rules is liable for punishment.(Kids Play Makeup Sets | Kids Play Makeup Sets Manufacturers - mycolor) Such penalty can be imposed on the violator if specific rules and regulations on e-waste are violated.

CPCB India is finalizing the set of rules and most recently issued a formal set of guidelines for proper and eco-friendly handling and disposal of the electronic waste. The Ministry of Environment and Forests is now processing the rules framed by electronics equipment manufacturers with the help of NGOs. According to the new guidelines issued by CPCB in 2007, e-waste is included in schedules 1, 2, and 3 of the “Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2003” and Municipal Solid Waste Management Rule, 2000.(Supply OEM Custom Cylinder Block Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd) Each manufacturer of a computer, music system, mobile phone, or any other electronic gadget will be “personally”Wholesale CE High Quality Atomizer Bottle Factory & Supplier Price - Credible-waste. Department of Information Technology (DIT),(Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Friendly Degradable Coffee Cup Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Credible) Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, has also published and circulated a comprehensive technical guide on “Environmental Management for Information Technology Industry in India.” Demonstration projects have also been set-China Supply Custom Concrete Block Machine Price Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Huarun Tianyuan.

As an effort to make the users aware of the recycling of e-waste, many electronic companies such as Apple, Dell, and HP have started various recycling schemes.(Wholesale Shadow Brush | Wholesale Shadow Brush Manufacturers - mycolor) Nokia India announced its “recycling campaign”Canned Mushroom Sauce | Canned Mushroom Sauce Price - Mintian. The program encouraged mobile phone users to dispose of their used handsets and accessories, irrespective of the brand, at any of the 1,300 green recycling bins put up across the priority dealers and care centers. Nokia is also planning to launch an electronic waste management program.

The Department of Environment, Delhi government, has also decided to involve ragpickers in general waste management in the capital. These ragpickers will be trained, given uniforms, ID cards, and hired to clean waste. The department also intends to involve eco-clubs, now running in over 1,600 government and private schools in the Capital, in this initiative since it is these eco-clubs that will be interacting with ragpickers of that particular area.(Wholesale CE High Quality Forged Disk Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - JianXin)

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Many more environmental epidemiological studies are required to assess the present status of e-waste management system in India, to assess the e-Supply OEM Custom 7.5v 700ma Dc Power Supply Products Cheap Price - HENGDA, and to establish relationships with the informal recycling sectors.China Supply Custom Hex Lock Nut Factory & Supplier Price - Ge Cheng-waste management.Japanese Cnc Plasma Machine | Japanese Cnc Plasma Machine Suppliers - LXSHOW-waste. The sustainability of e-waste management systems has to be ensured by improving the collection and recycling systems.China Supply Custom Pneumatic Butterfly Valve Products Cheap Price - JKG Valve-private partnerships in setting up buy-back or drop-off centers. Levying advance recycling fees is another approach to ensure waste management sustainability. To identify best e-waste management technologies across the globe and adopt them successfully can be key to a sustainable futuristic growth. The reduction of the hazardous substances in the electronic and electrical equipments and the promotion of use of their safer substitutes many countries have adopted the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Regulations in the manufacture of these items. More and more such less hazardous substitutes should be identified which can be used in electronic equipments.

Conclusion

Smart Phone Motherboard | Smart Phone Motherboard Manufacturers - Golden Triangle Group-waste is one of the rapidly growing environmental problems of the world. The ever-increasing amount of e-waste associated with the lack of awareness and appropriate skill is deepening the problem.Halal Instant Ramen Noodle | Halal Instant Ramen Noodle OEM/ODM - Mintian; therefore,China Skd Led Tv Low Price | China Skd Led Tv Low Price Suppliers - KTC-waste handling among these workers in India. Required information should be provided to these workers regarding safe handling of e-waste and personal protection. For e-waste management many technical solutions are available, but to be adopted in the management system, prerequisite conditions such as legislation, collection system, logistics, and manpower should be prepared.Wholesale CE High Quality Led Pcb Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - HENGDA.

Footnotes

References