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Manmohan Dass Goel^I; Vasant A. Matsagar^II; Anil K. Gupta^III

^IScientist, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Balcony Hand Railing | Balcony Hand Railing Price - Jingwan, India. E-mail:Print Leggings
^IIAssociate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, India. E-mail:Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.
^IIIFormer Director, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054369- 462 026, India. E-mail:Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053098-cell aluminum foam cores subjected to blast load is examined.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052490. To improve resistance of the sandwich foam panel against blast, stiffeners are provided and their dynamic response under varying blast load is studied. Blast load is applied using blast equations available in LS-DYNA which takes into account reflection of blast from surface of the sandwich foam panel.Bearing 6004 Price | Bearing 6004 Price Price - Hxh, respectively.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054012, primarily focusing on peak central point displacement of back-sheet (opposite to explosion) of the panel. Several analyses are carried out with an objective to understand the effects of stiffener configuration, foam thickness, foam density, and standoff distance on the blast response.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052996.

Keywords:Blast, dynamic response, metal foam, sandwich structure, steel, stiffeners

1 INTRODUCTION

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053496, side walls in cargo containers and boxes, and various military applications (Ashby et al., 2000).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053673, high specific stiffness, moisture independency, and corrosion resistance. In the past,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053131(Guruprasad and Mukherjee, 2000a and 2000b, Hanssen et al., 2002a and 2002b, Qiu et al., 2003, Xue and Hutchinson, 2003, Radford et al., 2006,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054458., 2006, Nemat-Cnc Router Drilling Machine | Cnc Router Drilling Machine Suppliers - Singhui CNC., 2007, Bahei-El-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054277, 2008, Tekalur et al., 2008, Karagiozova et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2009, and Langdon et al., 2010). Recently, with the advancement in technology,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053603(Ashby et al., 2000). This foam has several advantages in comparison with other commonly used sandwich core materials which include (i)Supply OEM Custom Protective Boot Factory & Supplier Price - TianXing KeSheng; (ii) lighter in weight; (iii) fire resistant; and (iv) reusability.

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054322(FRP), natural material (air, sand/soils), polymeric foams, honeycombs and commercially available metal foams (Hanssen et al., 2002a and 2002b, Qiu et al., 2003, Xue and Hutchinson, 2003, Radford et al., 2006,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054458., 2006, Nemat-Cnc Router Drilling Machine | Cnc Router Drilling Machine Suppliers - Singhui CNC., 2007, Bahei-El-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054277, 2008, Tekalur et al., 2008, Karagiozova et al., 2009, Zhu et al., 2009, Langdon et al., 2010, Jing et al., 2013, Chang et al., 2013, and Liu et al., 2013). No studies, however,Auckland North Shore Spray Roof Painting Machine NZ New Zealand - GMZ Roofing,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052467's recent work on the response of stiffened polymer foam sandwich structures under impulsive loading (Goel et al., 2013a). Goel et al. (2013a) have reported effectiveness of stiffened sandwich structures with polymeric foams in blast resistance; however, effectiveness of stiffened metal foam sandwich structures has never been investigated.

In the present investigation, newly developed metal foam (Flying Marking Machine | Flying Marking Machine Suppliers - LXSHOW., 2009a and 2009b) namely,Dc Coreless Micro Motor | Dc Coreless Micro Motor Factory - FENFA-cell aluminum foam (ACCF) has been explored for its potential in blast applications, and its performance for blast resistance is presented. Here, blast response of the sandwich foam panel (SFP), and the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP) under varying blast loading is studied using commercially available LS-DYNA software in order to assess their effectiveness in the response mitigation. It is always not possible to carry out field experimental test particularly in case of blast. In such cases, numerical analysis proves to be an effective tool for the analysis. Hence, numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response.

2 STIFFENED SANDWICH FOAM PANEL GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053787- and back-Supply OEM Custom Wifi Led Bulb Factory & Supplier Price - Lowcled. Back-sheet is on the opposite side of the explosion.Single Flute End Mills | Single Flute End Mills OEM/ODM - Millcraft Tools(2 m × 2 m)Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Eccentric Butterfly Valve Factory & Supplier Price - JKG Valve. The back-sheet is stiffened by stiffeners of 100 mm width and 10 mm thickness for all the ten stiffened configurations with same materials (steel) as that of the face- and back-Wholesale CE High Quality Mine Parts Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Gongji.Supply OEM Custom Big Sofa Set Products Cheap Price - Yezhi, three foam thicknesses, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 150 mm, are considered.

Furniture Screws | Furniture Screws Price - Liqishows various configurations of the unstiffened/Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053924. The figure shows one unstiffened sandwich foam panel, i.e. SFP (P₁)Custom Aluminum Machining | Custom Aluminum Machining Price - Anebon, i.e. SSFP (P₂to P₁₁). These configurations are arranged as per their increasing weights. It is to be noted that effect of difference in mass on their blast resistance alongwith their natural frequency and deformation behavior have already been reported earlier (Goel et al., 2011 and Goel et al., 2013a). The face-sheet and stiffened back-sheet are made of steel considering elastic-plastic and strain hardening behavior with Young's modulus,E= 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio,v= 0.3, and density,ρ= 7,800 kg/m³(Goel et al., 2011). The static yield stress of steel in the face-and back-Wholesale CE High Quality Hex Bolt Nut Factory & Supplier Price - Ge Cheng. The steel face- and back-Wholesale CE High Quality Cold Extrusion Forging Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - JianXin-plastic material model, i.e. MAT_024 (MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY) of LS-DYNA. This is an elastic-plastic material model and stress-strain behavior can be adapted by defining the tangent modulus or by defining the curve of effective plastic stress vs. effective plastic strain, which is equivalent to true stress vs. true strain in case of uniaxial stresses (LS-DYNA, 2011). The various input parameters required to be defined in this material model are computed from the quasi-static material testing.

194-2h Nut | 194-2h Nut Factory - Zhong Tongshows the compressive stress-strain curves for three relative densities (RD)Rigid Flex Pcb | Rigid Flex Pcb Price - Golden Triangle Group-cell aluminum foam (ACCF). The relative density is the ratio of density of foam material to the density of parent material from which the foam is developed. The patented foams are developed through liquid metallurgy route at CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute,Green Air Purifier Ionizer | Green Air Purifier Ionizer Manufacturers - Guanglei, India. Quasi-static compression tests on the aluminum foam were conducted at CSIR-AMPRI using BiSS Universal Testing Machine (Model Bi-00-002, 50 kN Load Cell) at a strain rate of 0.001/s. For compression testing, specimens were cut from the fabricated foam with average dimensions of 40 mm × 45 mm in cross-section and 55 mm in height. The load-displacement data was recorded during the testing and converted to stress-strain curves using standard procedure. The mechanical behavior of these foam materials is reported elsewhere in details (Flying Marking Machine | Flying Marking Machine Suppliers - LXSHOW., 2009a and 2009b, and Goel et al., 2013b). The yield strength / yield point of metal foams can be defined in four ways as: (1) stress at a given strain, (2) upper yield point, (3) lower yield point, and (4) extrapolated stress. In the present investigation, yield strength / yield point is considered as upper yield point as shown inAccess Controller Card Factory OEM/ODM Products.Similarly, elastic modulus of metal foams can be determined by mainly two methods: (a) by conventional mechanical tensile testing, and (b) by resonance frequency techniques. Herein, the resonance frequency technique is employed for determination of elastic modulus (Flying Marking Machine | Flying Marking Machine Suppliers - LXSHOW., 2009a and 2009b).Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052803(Ashby et al., 2000).

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The foams are defined using LS-DYNA material model, MAT_154 (MAT_DESHPANDE_FLECK_FOAM) proposed by Deshpande and Fleck (2000). Following Deshpande-Fleck foam model, yield stress function (Φ) of foam material is defined as,Φ=σ_e-σ_y, where,σ_yeis the yield stress of foam material andσ_eis the equivalent stress defined. In this expression,σ_VMis the von-Mises stress andσ_mis the mean stress.

The shape of yield surface is controlled by the shape parameter,α. The yield stress is governed by the model presented by Hanssen et al. (2002a and 2002b) as,

where,eis engineering strain;σ_pis plateau stress;λ,α₂, andβare material parameters; ande_Dis the foam densification strain expressed in terms of density of the foam (ρ_f) and density of the parent material (ρ₀) as,

A nonlinear curve fit program in MATLAB is developed to compute the different parameters of the foam model.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co.shows various mechanical properties obtained using the MATLAB nonlinear curve fit program for the foam used in the present investigation.

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Wholesale CE High Quality Forging Hub Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - JianXin(FE)Wholesale CE High Quality Beverage Glass Bottle Products Cheap Price - Credible_Solid feature available in LS-DYNA. The stiffeners are created by extruding nodes along the vertical direction, i.e. direction perpendicular to the back-sheet, and assigning the surface to create geometry of the back-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053992(ALTAIR, 2007). The foam is modeled as solid elements whereas, face- and back-Smart Television 65 Inch | Smart Television 65 Inch Price - KTC. In each model, a three-dimensional part with Box_Solid feature is used to define the foam core. Stiffeners have perfect connection with the back-sheet without any additional constraint. Care has been taken not to overlap the material of the stiffener with the back-sheet by offsetting top surface nodes only, thereby avoiding the possibility of additional stiffness at the junction. Thus, in real fabrication, back-sheet with stiffeners is created by removing material from a thick blank (this is different from a process wherein sheet with extra stiffeners added typically by welding material onto the sheet). It is a single part and meshed in one part only, thus implying a single part without any weld or joint/ interface between the sheet and stiffener.Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Forging Stainless Steel Factory & Supplier Price - JianXin-Tsay shell elements available in the LS-DYNA element library, whereas eight-node solid elements with full integration are used along with hourglass control to model the geometry of the foam core (LS-DYNA, 2011). The sandwich foam panel is constrained on all edges by restraining all degrees of freedom.

4 BLAST LOADING

The blast load in the present investigation is applied on face-Sailor Moon Sweater Merchandise Merch Store - Crazy Anime(LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED) available in LS-DYNA with CONWEP (CONWEP, 1991).P5 Led Digital Display | P5 Led Digital Display Price - RADIANT, i.e. 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m. This varying loading scenario is considered with an objective of investigating effectiveness against blast response reduction, and evaluating comparative performance of the foam and stiffener configurations.

Time dependent blast pressure,P(t) on the face is determined based on the input amount of Tri nitrotoluene (TNT), the standoff distance, and angle of incidence,θ. Effects of such parameters on the blast incident pressure have been reviewed by Goel et al. (2012). The blast pressure is computed using following equation in LS-DYNA,

where,PandP_iare the reflected and incident pressures, respectively. Computation ofPandP_irris reported in details elsewhere (Goel et al., 2012). The scaled distance (Z) is defined asZ=R/W^1/3, whereRis the standoff distance in meters andWis the amount of TNT in kilograms. To apply the loading on the face-sheet by LOAD_BLAST_ENHANCED function, another function LOAD_BLAST_SEGMENT is used to define exposed surface of face-sheet wherein, function DATABASE_BINARY_BLSTFOR is used to collect the blast pressure. The calculated loading is presented in Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052737for three different standoff distances considered. In the present analysis, element density is varied using global seeds of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 to generate fine, medium, and coarse meshes, respectively and converged results (i.e.Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054227.05) are only presented. Comparison of the results obtained from the FE simulation with the experimental results for such problems has already been reported by Goel et al. (2011 and 2013a).

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5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Numerical analyses carried out in the present investigation aim to study the effect of (a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. In the present analysis, central point displacement of the stiffened sandwich foam panel (SSFP, i.e. P₂to P₁₁) is compared with the sandwich foam panel (SFP, i.e. P₁) designated as base model (referenced as 100% weight). It is to be noted that the displacement is recorded at the center of the back-sheet in all cases with respect to time, and absolute peak values (Δ_peak) are presented wherever applicable. The measure of effectiveness of the sandwich foam panel is quantified using central point displacement;Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054456.

In the present investigation, for parametric study, blast loads generated due to the explosion of 1 kg of TNT at standoff distances of 1.5 m, 2.0 m, and 2.5 m are considered. The peak pressures resulting due to this combination of TNT and standoff distances are shown inCopper Wire Mesh Scourer Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList. The face-Wholesale CE High Quality Modern Stainless Steel Bar Stool Products Cheap Price - Yezhi(Plc Temperature Controller | Plc Temperature Controller Price - C-lin). Three different relative densities (RD) of the foam (0.100, 0.107, and 0.114) are used for core material, as reported inBuy Cheap Best Liquid Membrane Auckland North Shore - GMZ Roofing. Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052701shows the central point displacement time histories of the SSFP-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053996(t_f= 50, 100, and 150 mm), for a foam relative density of 0.100 and standoff distance of 1.5 m subjected to the blast loading. Similar trends are observed for other relative densities of the foam, core thicknesses of the foam, and standoff distances, however varying in magnitudes.

In order to compare the results of peak central point displacement for the SSFP-ACCF and to understand the effect of relative densities, core thicknesses of the foam and standoff distances, common plots for a representative foam thickness (50 mm) are reported inLed Television 43 Inch | Led Television 43 Inch Manufacturers - Horion Intelligent. The peak central point displacements for all the combinations of density, foam thickness, and standoff distances are reported in3kw Fiber Laser | 3kw Fiber Laser Suppliers - MORN LASERthrough Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053791. Three different combinations of parameters considered are presented as Case 1 to Case 3 in the next section.

Case 1:Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052237, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 1.5 m standoff distance

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053031.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations (Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053626₃and P₉)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053249.107 and 0.114 for the same level of blast loading (Adjustable Earmuff | Adjustable Earmuff Price - AnimoreandWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM For Bentley Continental Gt Grille Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - huangyan shuangsheng). The lowest central point displacement (i.e. 4.13 mm) for 50 mm thick foam core is observed for the panel configuration P₉with RD = 0.114 (Patch Cord | Patch Cord Suppliers - CableCreation). However, the panel configuration P₁₁with RD = 0.114 andt_f= 150 mm results in overall lowest peak central point displacement (3.67 mm) for 1.5 m standoff distance (Meat Slicer Automatic).Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Tie Rod End For Toyota Corolla Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd-sheet.Mini Laser Engraving Cutting Machine | Mini Laser Engraving Cutting Machine Suppliers - Ruijie₇for all the relative densities of foam and configuration P₄for RD = 0.100 under blast loading with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener, i.e. P₁.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052393₄and P₇Laser Marking Machine Metal | Laser Marking Machine Metal Factory - HANS YUEMING. Similar observations are made for the foam core thicknesses of 100 and 150 mm for P₇, whereas configuration P₄results in lower peak central point displacement as compared to P₁. However, in case of P₁configuration,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052629. Further,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053896(Deep Underground Gold Detector | Deep Underground Gold Detector Price - Junhong).

Case 2:Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052237, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2 m standoff distance

Modular Led Display | Modular Led Display OEM/ODM - RADIANT, 100,Supply OEM Custom Top Power Bank Factory & Supplier Price - YIMI.100 results in lowest peak central point displacement for all the panel configurations for the same level of blast loading ( Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052814). The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(3.05 mm) for 2 m standoff distance ( Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054103andBrushless Dc Motor High Torque | Brushless Dc Motor High Torque Suppliers - FENFA).

Wholesale CE High Quality All Kinds Of Machine And Equipment Parts Factory & Supplier Price - Gongji(50 mm thick foam core) for all foam relative densities however, excluding foam relative density of 0.114 and 150 mm thick foam. The peak displacement of P₇configuration witht_f= 150 mm is 19.78 mm whereas the peak displacement of P₁configuration is 20.81 mm for the same level of blast loading (L Foundation Bolt Factory | L Foundation Bolt Factory Manufacturers - Liqi).Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052612₇is attributed to the fact that stiffeners in this configuration do not pass through the centre point of the panel, i.e. peak displacement point.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052509. Again,Panoramic Elevator Price | Panoramic Elevator Price Factory - TOWARDS-cell aluminum foam with suitable stiffener configuration for a particular thickness of the foam core.

Case 3:Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052237, 100, and 150 mm thick foam core with 1 kg TNT and 2.5 m standoff distance

Cosmetic Goat Hair Brush | Cosmetic Goat Hair Brush Price - mycolor. The lowest central point displacement is observed for 150 mm thick foam core with relative density of 0.100 for the panel configuration P₁₁(2.45 mm) for 2.5 m standoff distance ( Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052718and Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052677).

Low Calorie Pasta | Low Calorie Pasta Factory - Mintian₇(50 mm thick foam core) for all the relative densities of the foam. The panel configuration P₇, however,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054052₁configuration with 50 mm thick foam for the same level of blast loading, for the same reason as mentioned above that the stiffeners do not pass through the centre point of the panel.Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052509. Again, the maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration and all other configurations show lower peak central point displacement indicating the effectiveness of the foam and stiffeners.

Parametric Study

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053352, the peak central point displacements of all the panel configurations are presented inChina Supply Custom Titanium Bolt Factory & Supplier Price - Ge Cheng, with varying standoff distances, foam densities, and foam thicknesses.

5.1 Effect of stiffener configurations

With the introduction of the stiffeners, the central point displacement decreases significantly in all the configurations as compared to the SFP only (i.e. model without stiffeners), thereby indicating effectiveness of adding the stiffeners. It is observed for the SSFP that it is not only the stiffener configuration which governs the response but also the type (relative density of the foam) and thickness of the foam core does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario. Therefore, it is important to choose a proper combination of type of the foam as well as stiffener configuration in such a way that it results in the highest response reduction against blast. FromSmart Tv 32 | Smart Tv 32 Manufacturers - Horion Intelligent,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053038(P₇, P₁₀, and P₁₁)Wholesale CE High Quality Full Automatic Cement Concrete Block Machine Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huarun Tianyuan.6050 Laser Cutter And Engraver | 6050 Laser Cutter And Engraver Manufacturers - Anqiang(i.e. P₄) for 0.100 relative density of foam with all other parameters kept the same as compared to the panel without any stiffener. The panel comprising circle and cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered in the present investigation. Moreover, it can be noted that for achieving improved blast response reduction,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is fraud company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053791. Thus,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052360(FE) modeling which in turn reduces the experimental work not only in terms of efforts but also in saving considerable time and resources, particularly under blast loadings.

5.2 Effect of foam thickness

FromWalking Dinosaur Suit | Walking Dinosaur Suit Factory - Ocean Artit is observed that the central point displacement decreases with the increase in the foam core thickness for the ACCF.Guantes Para Trabajar Con Hielo | Guantes Para Trabajar Con Hielo Price - SUNCEND SAFETY. Further, it is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.

5.3 Effect of foam relative density

It is evident from the trends observed inWholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Oil Transfer Gear Pump Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd. Further,China Supply Custom Filter Foot Valve Factory & Supplier Price - JKG Valve(Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Auto Control Arm Factory & Supplier Price - Ningbo TSY Auto Technology Co Ltd₃and P₉)Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053200. Moreover, it is observed that lowest central point displacement for 50 mm thick foam core for the panel configuration P₉with highest foam relative density for least standoff distance considered in the present investigation. From this study,Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Cheated money - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053602.

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6 CONCLUSIONS

Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053443(a) stiffener configuration, (b) foam thickness, (c) foam density, and (d) standoff distance on the blast response. The following conclusions are drawn from the present study:

1. The panel comprising circle with cross stiffener configuration sandwiched with highest relative density and maximum foam thickness results in the lowest peak central point displacement under the lowest standoff distance considered.
2. Central point displacement decreases with the increase in foam thickness for the foam considered.
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4. Maximum displacement is observed for the unstiffened panel configuration.
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6. It is not only the stiffener configurations that govern the response but also the type and thickness of the foam does significantly affect the response along with the blast loading scenario.
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References

ALTAIR (2007). User Manual. Altair Engineering Corporation, U.S.A.         [Metal Laser Cutting Service | Metal Laser Cutting Service Factory - Ruijie]

Ashby, M.F., Evans, A.G. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Metal Foams: A Design Guide, Butterworth Heinmann, Oxford, U.K.         [ Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053874]

Bahei-El-Din, Y.A.China Supply Custom T8 Light Products Cheap Price - Lowcled, G.J., (2008). Enhancement of blast resistance of sandwich plates, Composites Part B: Engineering, 39(1): 120-27.         [ Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053146]

Chang, Q., Shu, Y., Li-Jun, Y., Zhi-Yong, W., Zhen-Hua, L., (2013). Blast resistance and multi-objective optimization of aluminum foam-Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Payment is not shipped - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700054318, Composite Structures, 105: 45-57.         [m.zirae.com]

CONWEP (1991). Conventional Weapons Effects Program,Version 2.00; US Army Engineer Waterways Experimental Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S.A.         [Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM Pressure Regulator Factory & Supplier Price - Ruichen Pneumatic]

Deshpande, V.S. and Fleck, N.A., (2000). Isotropic constitutive models for metallic foams,Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052327, 48(6): 1253-83.         [Wholesale Cheap OEM/ODM T Post Anping Deming Suppliers & Manufacturers Quotes - Huaxin]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., (2011). Dynamic response of stiffened plates under air blast, International Journal of Protective Structures, 2(1): 139-56.         [ Limited is The deposit is not delivered - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700053257]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., Marburg, S., (2012). An abridged review of blast wave parameters, Defence Science Journal, 62(5): 300-6.         [China Supply Custom Steel Channel Factories & Manufacturers Pricelist - Ge Cheng]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Marburg, S., Gupta, A.K., (2013a).China Supply Custom Flex Pcb Assembly Factory & Supplier Price - HENGDA, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, ASCE,27(5): 540-49.         [m.sajoo-switch.com]

Goel, M.D., Matsagar, V.A., Gupta, A.K., Marburg, S., (2013b).Shanghai LeadCloud Tech Co., Limited is Garbage company - Contact me for more whatsapp: 7700052924, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 23: 1080-89.         [Shenzhen Beacret Tech Co.]

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Received 21.05.2014
In revised form 15.08.2014
Accepted 27.08.2014
Available online 09.10.2014