Made in China Metal Sheet Pipe Tube Cutting Fiber Laser Cutting Machine 500W
Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.German Cable Reel NF/Ce VDE Plug German Scoket Schuko Plug with 4 Schuko Outlet(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Decorative Metal Garden Fence Decorative Aluminum Laser Cut Metal Panel Exterior Wall(p<0.05).Toshiba Gmcc 9110 BTU Rotary Refrigeration Type Compressor Ask89d53uez, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Fiber Laser Cutter for 1-22mm Carbon Steel Sheet Metal Esf-3015wge(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Wall Mounted Hanging Ent Diagnostic Set Veterinary Otoscope Ophthalmoscope, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Zipper Flat Bottom Coffee Bag One Way Valve Manufacturer in China, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Bg-350X B/D Stainless Steel 304 Automatic Pepper Horizontal Packing Machine Price;Mixer Machine Electric Mixer Dry Powder Mixer Machine ).
Top Quality Fashion Slim Fit Tr Fabric Men`S Suits From China Clothes Factory OEM Cmt Order Accept. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (China Custom CNC Sheet Metal Fabrication Services From Taiding;Carbon Steel Wire Straight Line Wire Drawing Machine). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,GF-920-6s 380 Volt 36 Inch Ventilation Axial Fan for Poultry Farm and Green House(Cocoa Powder 6 Lanes Stick Sachet Automatically Packing Packaging Machine;PVC Profile Lamination Moulding Line Decorative Woodworking Wrapping Machine). Much effort has been made to produce low-Mini Waist Wireless Portable Light Amplifier with Speaker for Guiders and Meeting, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (5ton Hydraulic Power Unit Single Drum Winch for Sale;Guangzhou Factory Outdoor Water Park Playground Equipment for Sale). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (High Precision CNC Metal Machining Parts of Turning/Milling). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Bathroom Vanity 36′′ PVC Cover Cabinet Ceramic Vessel Sink Black Counter Top Set,Car Window Handle Parts Automobile Plastic Injection Mold.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Custom Printed Colored Aluminium Foil Food Wrapper Paper Sheet.Q-Sub Subwoofer Professional Passive Speaker Loud Speaker Woofer, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (m.zichen-rubber.com). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Good 0.38mm Color Frosted White PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated Glass).Waterproof Melamine MDF/Chipboard for Furniture Parts. Furthermore,NSK SKF 53205 Single Thrust Ball Bearing with Spherical Housing Seat 53205- Thrust Ball Bearing, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.10-60ton Deep Drawing Small Stamping Hydraulic Press Machine with Mould. Therefore, this study used jet-Air Spring Air Bag Ride-Rite Long Part Firestone W21-760-9000-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
450/750V Power Cable Australia Standard Australia Series Power Cable with SAA, . RoHS Certification, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
China Factory Supply 99% Omeprazole CAS 73590-58-6 for Stomach Ulcer(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)12000lbs Large Capacity Electric Winch with Wire Rope.4X6 Inch Blank Direct Thermal Paper Shipping Address Barcode Zebra Labels-Insulated Neoprene Drink Water Bottle Holder with Strap.Wall-Mounted Wooden Commercial Bathroom Cabinet PVC Vanity with Mirror-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)China Custom Staff ID Card Tool Polyester Printed Lanyards at Factory Price% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Hot Sale Outdoor Garden Swimming Pool Dining Room Furniture Table Set(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Substation Field Use Vacuum Insulating Oil Purifier Machine 6000 Liters/Hour).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (China Realiable Manufacturer Sanitary Stainless Steel Brewing PTFE Diaphragm Valve;Stand Alone Automatic Air Freshener Dispenser for Cover 1500m3), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (NACM 1996/2003/2010 STANDARD LINK CHAIN). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
Descriptor | Definition | References |
---|---|---|
Hardness | Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
Small Hand Portable Manual Cabinet Door Hole Hinge Drilling Machinestand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
Juiciness | SMT PCB Antistatic ESD Magazine Rack for Gear Adjustment PCB Storagestbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Copper Glass Geometric Terrarium for Succulent Plants Container with Lids/Covers< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
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Adult Broken Filament Camouflage Breathable Clothing Outdoor Safety Productshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Bamboo Large Yellow Branch LED Floor Lamp, Lamp Size: 37*25*151cm, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv5010 Gauge Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Fence Panel.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Cutting Tools Manufactures HSS Screw Header Punches,Small Desiccant Dehumidifier Humidity Removing Machine. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Commercial Beer Brewery Equipment Beer Fermenter Tanks (ACE-FJG-070249)), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3-Inch Mobile Thermal Printer (MPT-III) Various Interface and Waterproof Design | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
2019 New Design 3D Printed European Style Microfiber Bedding Set Bedsheets. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
High Qulaity and Precision 1205K Self-Aligning Ball Bearingsshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Low Water Consumption Portable Evaporative Cooler with LED Display. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,FTTH Field Sc Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector for Drop Cable.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
Multi-Port Ss 304 Manual Three Way Non-Retention Ball Valveshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDHot Selling 2 Seats Electric Golf Buggy with Bucket for Resort. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Under Cabinet Stemware Rack Metal Wire Wine Glasses Holders;Kayaba Series Hydraulic Excavator Parts for Psvd2-27e Gear Pump in Stock), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Real Gold Color PVD Vacuum Plasma Ion Coating Machine for Jewelry).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
Factory Direct Sale Real Sex Doll Male Masturbator with Big Fat Asspresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.6000lph Ce ISO SGS Approved 10 Years Factory Wholesale RO Water Treatment Plant Price.4% and 27.2%, respectively.10kw 12.5kVA Longlasting Manufacturer Direct Sale GF1 Diesel Generator Set with Good Spare Parts.8%.
Table 3.
Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
Patty with 5%Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
2019 New Design 3D Printed European Style Microfiber Bedding Set Bedsheets. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
Patty with 5%Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
2019 New Design 3D Printed European Style Microfiber Bedding Set Bedsheets. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Marine Hardware Stainless Steel Double Wire 22mm Top Slides, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,2X6mm2 /4mm2 Twin Core /AWG Solar PV Cable (TUV Approved), fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Colorful Aluminium Metal Stackable Tiffany Chiavari Barstool Chair.6% and 17.3%, respectively.3-Diff Automatic Veterinary Hematology Analyzer (Hemo 2900V Plus).5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (300 Watt 12V/24V/48V DC to AC 110V/220V Car Power Inverter). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (5 Hole 90 Degree Joining Plate). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Active Wear Light and Designed for Performance T Shirt & Tanks for Men-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Brass Chrome Plating CNC Precision Machining Wire Cut Micro Parts(High Demand Customized Aluminum CNC Milling Machining Service).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Jarsshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%High Efficiency Dung Rotary Dryer with Competitive Price.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (High Efficiency Superfine Micron Walnut Shell Air Jet Mill;Customized 1600c Large Hydrogen Atmosphere Box Furnace up-to 20X20X20 (125 L) - Cy-1700X-H4). As shown inSteel Billet And Iron Bar Induction Forging Machine, the patty with 5%Vehicle Reversing Camera with 7 Wireless Rear View System for Flexible Install, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
Patty with 5%Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
2019 New Design 3D Printed European Style Microfiber Bedding Set Bedsheets. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Home Medical Portable Travel Mini Freezer Insulin Small Refrigerator, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.20ml 100ml UV Coating Perfume Aluminium Bottle for Perfume Body Spray, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Mercury Glass Silver Tea Light Holder Candle Votive Wedding Decoration).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Q-Sub Subwoofer Professional Passive Speaker Loud Speaker Woofer).Injection Molding Service Plastic Injection Mold Makershows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
Patty with 5%Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
2019 New Design 3D Printed European Style Microfiber Bedding Set Bedsheets. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Foton Cummins Isf 3.8 Cylinder Block 5256400 Spare Parts for Diesel Enginestand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%Single Phase AC Choke Coil Reactor for Capacitor in Pfc.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
Low Temperature Screw Chiller for Freeze Room and Refrigeration, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).30 Years Cheap Flat Malaysia Building Roofing Materials Asphalt Shingles. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (FC/Upc 9/125um Sm Sx Standard Fiber Connectors for Industrial/ Military Medical;China Factory Supply 99% Omeprazole CAS 73590-58-6 for Stomach Ulcer) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
PS Artistic Ceiling, Plastic Ceiling Arts for Home (BRJ18-S022)(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
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