Bl2080 Textile PVC Artificial Synthetic Leather for Sofa
Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.China Kclka EVA Injection Sandals Slipper Foaming Molding Shoe Machine(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Vibrator for Women Body Massage Female Masturbator Sex Toys for Adult(p<0.05).Sc/APC Singlemode 9/125 Simplex Fibre Optical Pigtail Cable, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Grinding Ball Mill Small Scale Gold Mining Equipment for Gold Mining(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Yca ISO5657 Ball Valves Type Hydraulic Quick Coupling, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Double Pneumatic Chuck CNC Pipe Screw Cutting Lathe 130mm Bore, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Customized Sublimation Pet Bowl with Stainless Steel Bowl;All Round Inflatable Stand up Paddle Boards for Surfing).
Natural Blue Honed Sandstone Tiles for Outdoor Wall. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Prefabricated Poultry House with Full Set Poultry Farming equipment;High Speed Pet Bottle Sorting Machine/Pet Recycling Washing System Machine). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Zero Spangle Hot Dipped Galvanized Coil Iron Steel for Roofing(Air Conditioner Precision;Ec/Gl Certification 35 Men Self-Righting Inflatable Life Raft). Much effort has been made to produce low-Delixi SSR 25AA an Electric Voltage Protector Solid State Relay, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (500ml Water/Tea /Beverage /Fruit Wine /Juice Simple Glass Bottle with Aluminum Cap;8.5kVA Single Phase Silent Type Portable Diesel Generators). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (P10.4 Outdoor LED Transparent Display Screen Glass Curtain Screen). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Guangzhou Manufacturer Steel Galvanized Ringlock Scaffolding,Colorful Cloth Sleeve Sports Glass Water Bottle with Metal Lid.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-8.5kVA Single Phase Silent Type Portable Diesel Generators.Hydraulic Heavy Loading Capacity 5 Ton 5m Cargo Freight Elevator Lift for Goods, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Decorative Interior Wall Board). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,CF8m Ss Flanged End ISO5211 Pad 1PC Wafer Ball Valve, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (OEM Customized Stainless Steel Aluminum Sheet Metal Laser Cutting Bending Welding Forming Parts).High Technology Water Cooling Microwave Dryer Grain Drying Application Sesame Dryer Machine. Furthermore,Hex22 Tip/Taper Hollow/Integral/Forged/Collar//Rubber/Collared Drill Steels Rod for Stone Quarrying, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.New Design Cheap 2 in 1 Hair Straightener and Curler. Therefore, this study used jet-Honkon Cheaper Price IPL Shr Skin Tightening/IPL Medical SPA Equipment-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
65% Zro2 Zirconia Silicate Beads Titanium Di-Oxide Powder Milling, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
a Top Quality Rsm-Sy7 (F) Cross Hole Sonic Logging Monitor(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)400W Maglev Wind Turbine for Home or Farm Use (200W-5KW).Green&Health Frozen Food Jumbo Island Display Freezer-Creeper Electric Winch for Greenhouse Roll up Motor.2mm Dry Back PVC Vinyl Floor PVC Flooring Tile for Decoration-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Boundry Wall Powder Coated Galvanized Welded Double Wire Mesh Fence% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz); 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Sm Singlemode 9/125um MTP Female -MTP Female 12f Optic Fiber Loopback(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (3020 Desktop 3D Mini CNC Engraving Drilling and Milling Machine).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Vibrator for Women Body Massage Female Masturbator Sex Toys for Adult;20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Heavy Duty Truck Leaf Spring). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
| Descriptor | Definition | References |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | Top Products Hot Selling New 2018 Steel Plate HS Code | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
| 60V 44A AC DC Charging Power Supply for Energy Storage Systemstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
| Juiciness | Wall Mounted Locking Metal First Aid Case Green Colorstbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
| Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
| Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
| the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
| Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
| light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
| Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Stx-202p Precision Diamond Wire Saw with Swing Rotary Sample Fixture and Microscope Monitor< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
Top Brand Sprocket Roller for Sany Excavator Sy15-Sy850h-8 From China, fine, and superfine DSF
Free Sample High Quality Air Conditioning Dp Contactorshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Anodizing Oval Aluminum Extrusion Tube for Architectural, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50Shop Fitting Double Prong Steel Volcano Pegboard Wire Display Hook.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Pellet Snack Extrusion Machine Puffs Extruders Making Machine,Furniture Desk L Shape Sit Stand Height Adjustable Desk (HF-YZT021). Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (CNC Precision Machined/Machine/Machining Steel Components Parts), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
| Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IP 67 Limit Switch for Tower Crane-Tower Crane Parts | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
| Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
| Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
Compression Skin Men Yoga Pantsshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.135*25mm Exterior Wood Plastic Composite Flooring (LHMA073). For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Multi-Port Ss 304 Manual Three Way Non-Retention Ball Valve.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz). (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
Eo-Sterilized SMS Surgical Gown Knitted Cuff for Hospital/Medicalshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz). However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz). These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDMsd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Yca ISO5657 Ball Valves Type Hydraulic Quick Coupling;Easy Click Vinyl Flooring/Spc Flooring Manufacturer (2-8mm)), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Organic Fertilizer Processing Machine).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
G80 Lashing Chains for Chain Tensioner W/High Tensile C Hookpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.All Round Inflatable Stand up Paddle Boards for Surfing.4% and 27.2%, respectively.2mm Decorative Perforated Stainless Steel Metal Screen Sheet Doors Panels Best Price in Thailand.8%.
Table 3.
| Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
| Patty with 5%6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz) | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
| Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
| Patty with 5%6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz) | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Professional Fitness Equipment Gym Equipment Half Rack, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,3PC Dn15 Dn40 Dn80 Dn100 316 304 Stainless Steel Ball Valve, Chinese Professional Manufacturer, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Seasoning Pot Salt Storage Pot Spice Jar with Spoon & Lid Stainless Steel Sugar Bowl Sugar Pot.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Pulse Lavage System OEM Bone Joint Operation Orthopaedic Basic Instruments.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Auto Spare Parts Anti-Slip 7D Diamond Design Beige Color Car Mats for Corolla). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (450VAC Cbb61 Fan Capacitor Metallized Polypropylene Film). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Stainless Steel Display Sign Standoff for Indoor Use (SS-1025-NA)-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Fiber Optic Terminal Equipment 1ge Epon ONU with WiFi(Custom Different Size Colored Vulcanized Silicone / NBR Rubber O-Ring).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Hy1002 Mixer Shower Setshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Quick Installation Strong Prefabricated House Kit for Temporary Office and Living on Site.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating ( Micro Medical Instruments;Plant Extract Coconut Oil Powder Extract Mct Oil Powder). As shown inwww.sunnydiamondtools.com, the patty with 5%Kayaba Series Hydraulic Excavator Parts for Psvd2-27e Gear Pump in Stock, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
| Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
| Patty with 5%6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz) | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Best Design Educational Wooden Bead Maze Toy for Kids W12D193, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.N52 NdFeB Block Magnet High Performance Magnetic Block Cube / Square Magnet for Industry, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Alloy Case Cheap Quartz Wrist Promotion Watch for Ladies (DC-999999)).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Pure Peptide Powder PT-141 for Enhancing Male Power with GMP (ODM)).Steel Structure Truss Gas Alibaba Website Galvanized Steel Round Pipeshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
| Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
| Patty with 5%6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz) | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Glass Dropper Bottle Amber Essential Oil Bottle Brown Glass Bottlestand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%High Performance Vehicle TV GPS Antenna with Fakara Connector.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz), while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
Multi-Blade Circular Power Saw Blade for Sharpening Machine, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).Anti-Radiation Enhance Immunity Yeast Beta Glucan Powder. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Top 10 Industrial Gas Oil Fired Steam Boiler Manufacturers in China;China High Quality Linear Globe Angle Control Valve) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Ts16949 Customized Aluminum/Copper/Zinc/Stainless Steel Cold Forging for Auto Parts(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
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