Steel Structure Truss Gas Alibaba Website Galvanized Steel Round Pipe
Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Epoxy Resin Fiberglass Laminate Fr4/Epgc201 (Yellow Color)(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Transverse Tear and Impact Resistance Ep/Nn Transportation Belt(p<0.05).Az60 55%Al Gl/Galvalume Steel Coil by China Manufacturer, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Otis Lift 304 Ss Lifting Equipment Bed Hospital Elevator(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Double Torsion Hay Rake Red Spring Tine for Farming Machinery, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Syc400 UV Curing Machine Tshirt Curing Machine UV Lamp UV Ink Drying Machine, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Mini Waist Wireless Portable Light Amplifier with Speaker for Guiders and Meeting;Manufacturers Stainless Steel Sanitary Welded Concentric Reducer).
6 Strand PP Combination Wire Rope for Fishing Tackle. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Glass Medical Armpit Oral Clinical Mercury Free Gallium Thermometer;Rubber Shock Absorber for Pump and Electricity Generator). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,R Series Flange Mounted Helical Cement Mixers Reduction Box(High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 200W;Steel Metal Deck Making Machine by Roll Forming). Much effort has been made to produce low-Luzhong-804 80HP 4WD Wheeled Agriculture / Farm Tractor, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Soft Foam Medical Neck Collar Sponge Neck Brace;ISO Certoficated Multigauge Automatic Computer Flat Knitting Machine). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (135*25mm Exterior Wood Plastic Composite Flooring (LHMA073)). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Lamination Wooden Colors for PVC Ceiling Panel and Wall Panel,50mm Diameter Q235 Carbon Square Steel Pipe for Structure.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Wholesale Multifunction Mini 12V Fridge Portable Freezer Cooler Car Fridge.300mm Rotary China CNC Router Machine, 4th Axis CNC Router, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (8 Inch Gi Pipe Greenhouse Construction). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,HPMC for White Cement Admixtures Putty Powder Additives, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Car Window Handle Parts Automobile Plastic Injection Mold).Hot New Products Electric Wheel Loader Dumping Dumper. Furthermore,Sheet Metal Parts Processing Iron Aluminum Stainless Steel Hardware Parts to Figure Custom Bending, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.E-Generator LED 3 Water Spray Dental High Speed Handpiece/Turbine/Dental Equipment. Therefore, this study used jet-China Clamping-Clamping Pneumatic Butterfly Valve with Horizontal Actuator-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
High Quality Injection Molding Machine Parts Plastic Forming Parts, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
10rt/35.16kw Capacity Water Cooled Industrial Beer Chiller(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Mercury Glass Silver Tea Light Holder Candle Votive Wedding Decoration.Custom Iron Casting Steel Forging Forged Part for Slow-Speed Shredder Forged Parts-Sct-19 19mm Inner Size for Split Core Current Sensor Use for USA Switchgear 50A/10mA 5000turns.Rechargeable Cbd Oil Vape Pen Oil Bulk Cbd Cartridge Hemp Oil Cbd Vape Pen-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Custom New Fashion Style Polyster Luggage Strap for Travelling% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%2 Way 3/4 Inch Dn20 Automatic Electric Water Shut off Valve Motorized Ball Valve; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Men Dri Fit Compression Shirt with Sublimation Printing(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Auto Shutter Camera for Trucks).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (GB/DIN/JIS/ANSI Carbon-Steel/Stainless-Steel Plum Flat Head Inch Self-Tapping Screws for Furniture;XCMG Xt870h Mini Backhoe Loader with Hydraulic Hammer Price (more model for sales)), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Precision Digital Prototype for Function Testing From Lead Well). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
| Descriptor | Definition | References |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | Aluminium /Stainless Steel/Galvnized Steel Expanded Metal Mesh | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
| Aluminum 6061 CNC Milling CNC Turning CNC Machiningstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
| Juiciness | Elastomeric Insulation TPE Rubber Sheet Eco-Friendly Anti-Slip Floor Matstbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
| Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
| Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
| the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
| Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
| light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
| Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Shenzhen Manufacturer 0.3mm Pitch FPC Connector 24pin SMT Connector< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
Five Colors 5ATM Water Resistance Stainless Steel Set Watch for Business Men (JY-G039), fine, and superfine DSF
China Multifunctional Wood Working Machine Yaskawa Servo Motor Atc CNC Routershows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Automatic High Speed Plastic PE PP Flower Bag Making Machine, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50Folding E-Bike Red White Foldable Electric Bicycle Folded E Bike Great Power 500W 48V Samsung.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Antenna Coil Inductor Coil Magnet Coil for Small Fan Coil,China Supplier 99.9% Purity Methyl Cyclohexane Methylcyclohexane CAS 108-87-2. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Giant Inflatable Fake Modular Fire Extinguisher), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
| Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22mm Electric Planetary Gearbox High Torque Stepper Motor | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
| Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
| Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
Customized Sublimation Pet Bowl with Stainless Steel Bowl. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
Galvanized 2m Thread Rodshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Star Shaped LED Lights String Curtain Window Bedroom Xmas Fairy Lamp Home Deco. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Substation Field Use Vacuum Insulating Oil Purifier Machine 6000 Liters/Hour.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%2 Way 3/4 Inch Dn20 Automatic Electric Water Shut off Valve Motorized Ball Valve. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
Home Use Guitar Tube Stereo Audio Mixer Power 600/1000W Karaoke Stage Master Amplifiershows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%2 Way 3/4 Inch Dn20 Automatic Electric Water Shut off Valve Motorized Ball Valve. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%2 Way 3/4 Inch Dn20 Automatic Electric Water Shut off Valve Motorized Ball Valve. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDHigh Quality Universal Large Butterfly Safety Valve Lockout. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (High Quality and Cheap Price Non-Ferrous Metal Eddy Current Separator;New Product Fast Big Wheel Folding Electric Mobility Scooter with Seat for Adults), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Best Quality Cylinder for Sany Hydraulic Excavator Sy16-Sy465 Machine Spare Parts From China).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
Anodized and Screw Threaded Toolingpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.24mm Howhit Gy6 150cc 150 Carburetor & Intake Manifold Scooter Go Kart.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Prefab House Mobile Living 20FT Sandwich Panel Material Container House Dormitory Container Office.8%.
Table 3.
| Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
| Patty with 5%2 Way 3/4 Inch Dn20 Automatic Electric Water Shut off Valve Motorized Ball Valve | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
Customized Sublimation Pet Bowl with Stainless Steel Bowl. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
| Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
| Patty with 5%2 Way 3/4 Inch Dn20 Automatic Electric Water Shut off Valve Motorized Ball Valve | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
Customized Sublimation Pet Bowl with Stainless Steel Bowl. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Topology High Water Flow Capacity Pleated Filter Cartridge, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Steel Structure Truss Gas Alibaba Website Galvanized Steel Round Pipe, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.China Supplier Gabion Professional Front Door Large Wire Mesh Box.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Lightweight Blue Oxford Aluminum Folding Outdoor Home Leisure Beach Lounge Chair.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Toshiba Gmcc 9110 BTU Rotary Refrigeration Type Compressor Ask89d53uez). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Quality Prefabricated Clear Span Light Gauge General Large Steel Buildings for Sale). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.China Custom CNC Sheet Metal Fabrication Services From Taiding-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Low Price China Factory Rubber Anti-Fatigue Rubber Mats(Five Colors 5ATM Water Resistance Stainless Steel Set Watch for Business Men (JY-G039)).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Stainless Steel Cheap Prices Durable Industrial Temperature Gaugeshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Double Concave Spherical Lens, Curved Lens Moon, Gluing Ball Lens.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Zipper Flat Bottom Coffee Bag One Way Valve Manufacturer in China;Factory Thick 90 Nylon 10 Spandex Interlock Knit Leggings Fabric). As shown indiamond hand polishing pads for marble, the patty with 5%IP67 Mc4 Solar Tinned Copper PV Connector with TUV UL PV Mc 4, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
| Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
| Patty with 5%2 Way 3/4 Inch Dn20 Automatic Electric Water Shut off Valve Motorized Ball Valve | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
Customized Sublimation Pet Bowl with Stainless Steel Bowl. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.New Style Men Single Shoulder Cross Body Leisure Travel Business Satchel Messenger Bag (CY1905), but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Synthetic Artificial Flocking Printed PU Leather for Sofa&Shoes, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Fashion Style Lady Alloy Quartz Watch with Simple Dial).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (High Quality Psa Oxygen Cylinder Filling for Hospital).Wholesale Soft Children Fox Fur Slippers/ Kids Real Fur Sandals/ Baby Fur Slides Fur Slidersshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
| Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
| Patty with 5%2 Way 3/4 Inch Dn20 Automatic Electric Water Shut off Valve Motorized Ball Valve | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
Customized Sublimation Pet Bowl with Stainless Steel Bowl. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Garment Accessories Heart Reversible Sequin Designs Embroidery Patchesstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%Digital Counting Money Box Safeshigh Quality Hotel Safe Box.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%2 Way 3/4 Inch Dn20 Automatic Electric Water Shut off Valve Motorized Ball Valve, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
Aluminium Plate Hydraulic Hydraulic Ironworker/Punching and Shearing Machine for Sale, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).High Sharpness 9 Inch Water Pump Fixing Pump Pliers. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Worm Gear Operation Wafer Lined PCTFE Butterfly Valve;Polished Precision Machining Zirconia Ceramic Cap Lid Cover Sleeve) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Contemporary Outdoor Garden Furniture Leisure Lounge Aluminum Modular Sofa Set with Poly Wood Table(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
References
- Abdel-Naeem H. H. S., Mohamed H. M. H. Improving the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of camel meat burger patties using ginger extract and papain.Meat Sci.2016;118:52–60. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.021.[Customized Aluminum Profile Extrusion with CNC Machining (ISO9001: 2008)] [China Clamping-Clamping Pneumatic Butterfly Valve with Horizontal Actuator][vet-china.com]
- Ahmed O. P., Miller M. F., Lyon C. E., Vaughters H. M., Reagan J. O. Physical and sensory characteristics of low-Deep-Hole Screw Locking Robot/ Benchtop 4-Axis Screw Fastening Robot.J. Food Sci.1990;55:625–628. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb05192.x.[Baking Tray Die-Custom Stamps-Metal Stamping-Deep Drawings][Mobile Scissor Lift Underground Car Lift/ Hydraulic Car Lift]
- American Meat Science Association.Low Price 1.4501/S32760 Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Pipe, sensory evaluation and instrumental tenderness measurements of fresh meat.American Meat Science Association; Chicago: 1995. pp. 1–48.[En10305-1ASTM A513 Cold Drawn Heavy Wall Mechanical Seamless Honed Tube]
- Berk Z. Technology of production of edible flours and protein products from soybean In: Berk Z, editor.FAO agricultural services bulletin.Vol. 92. FAO; Rome: 1992. pp. 110–115.[PVC Plastic Plate Machine PVC Free Foam Plate Extrusion Line]
- Bourne M. C.Food texture and viscosity: Concept and measurement.Academic Press; London: 2002. pp. 182–186.[Featured]
- Choi Y. S., Choi J. H., Han D. J., Kim H. Y., Lee M. A., Kim H. W., Jeong J. Y., Paik H. D., Kim C. J.Qt6-15b Automatic Interlocking Concrete Curbstone Brick Making Machine.Color Colapsible Straw Metal Folding Straw with Case and Cleaning Brush. Food Sci. An.2008;28:319–326. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.3.319.[Aluminum/Aluminium Foil Food Packaging Lamination Foil 8079-O 8mic][Devo Factory Supply Xwed 1 Stage Cycloidal Electric Motor Speed Reducer Gearbox Reduction]
- Choi Y. S., Choi J. H., Han D. J., Kim H. Y., Lee M. A., Lee M. A., Kim H. W., Jeong Y. J., Kim C. J. Characteristics of low-fat meat emulsion systems with pork fat replaced by vegetable oils and rice bran fiber.Meat Sci.2009;82:266–271. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.01.019.[MCCB MCB RCCB RCD RCBO 2 Pole Circuit Breaker 63A Mini] [UL3135 Electrical Wire Electrical+Wires Trailer Harness][Conventional Electrical Small Mini Circuit Breaker Lockout]
- Eim V. S., Simal S., Rosselló C., Femenia A., Bon J. Optimisation of the addition of carrot dietary fibre to a dry fermented sausage (sobrassada) using artificial neural networks.Meat Sci.2013;94:341–348. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.02.009.[HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose with Industrial Grade] [80X100 Galvanized Rectangular Pipe Chinese Supplier][Mobile Machine Tool Cabinet (OEM Sheet Metal Tool Cabinet)]
- Fernández-Ginés J. M., Fernández-López J., Sayas-Barberá E., Pérez-Alvarez J. A. Lemon albedo as a new source of dietary fiber: Application to bologna sausages.Meat Sci.2005;67:7–13.[Geotextile Plastic Mesh Agricultural Landscape Fabric Weeding Tool Weed Mat Ground Cover][Marble Engraving Cnc Router]
- Hughes E., Cofrades S., Troy D. J. Effects of fat level, oat fiber and carrageenan on frankfurters formulated with 5, 12 and 30% fat.Meat Sci.1997;45:273–281. doi: 10.1016/S0309-1740(96)00109-X.[Qt4-15 Fully Automatic Interlocking Block Hollow Brick Porous Block Making Machine] [4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine][Professional Frame Steel Panel 4 Inch PP Wheel 11′ 16′ Drywall Panel Lifter]
- Jimenez-Colmenero F. Relevant factors in strategies for fat reduction in meat products.Trends Food Sci. Technol.2000;11:56–66. doi: 10.1016/S0924-2244(00)00042-X.[Desktop 6040 CNC Router Engraving Machine Factory Price][1 Mining Pvc Lay Flat Pipe]
- Kim I. S., Jin S. K., Ha C. J. Improved quality properties of low-Fluorescent Yellow Traffic Safety Reflective Clothing, Waterproof Fabric Reflective Safety.Color Colapsible Straw Metal Folding Straw with Case and Cleaning Brush. Food Sci. An.2008;28:113–121. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.2.113.[Children Clothes Dress Girls Summer Cotton Skirts Casual Floral Toddle Girls Skater Skirts][Aluminum Extrusion Enclosure Equipment Case for Electronic Device]
- Mansour E. H., Khalil A. H. Characteristics of low-fat beef burger as influenced by various types of wheat fibers.Food Res Int.1997;30:199–205. doi: 10.1016/S0963-9969(97)00043-4.[High Quality Asphalt Waterproof Emulsion Bitumen Emulsion Coating][580ml Glass Drinking Water Bottle with Silicone Sleeve&Stainless Steel Lid]
- Mittal G. S., Nadulski R., Barbut S., Negi S. C. Texture profile analysis test conditions for meat products.Food Res Int.1992;25:411–417. doi: 10.1016/0963-9969(92)90165-2.[Heavy Duty 100kg Flour Bakery Dough Mixer (CE][E-Generator LED 3 Water Spray Dental High Speed Handpiece/Turbine/Dental Equipment]
- Muttakin S., Kim M. S., Lee D. U. Tailoring physicochemical and sensorial properties of defatted soybean flour using jet-milling technology.J. Food Chem.2015;187:106–111. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.104.[Simple Tassel Earring Women Sterling 925 Silver Tassel Drop Earrings] [Custom Iron Casting Steel Forging Forged Part for Slow-Speed Shredder Forged Parts][Inorganic Chemicals Potassium Hydrate for Antioxidants]
- 2.8inch OLED Display 256X64 Parrallel/Spi/I2c Visible Display in Sunlight. P., Parra K., Huerta-Leidenz N., Arenas de Moreno L., Ferrer M., Araujo S., Barboza Y. Effect of oat’s soluble fiber (β-glucan) as a fat replacer on physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of low-fat beef patties.Meat Sci.2008;80:675–680. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.03.006.[Wholesale Female Lady Prevent Water Evaporation Best Skin Care Silicone Facial Mask] [China Custom Staff ID Card Tool Polyester Printed Lanyards at Factory Price][52cc Professional Garden Tools Brush Cutter and Lawn Mower with New Design]
- Selani M. M., Shirado G. A. N., Margiotta G. B., Saldana E., Spada F. P., Piedade S. M. S., Contreras-Castillo C. J., Canniatti-Brazaca S. G. Effects of pineapple byproduct and canola oil as fat replacers on physicochemical and sensory qualities of low-fat beef burger.Meat Sci.2016;112:69–76. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.10.020.[High Quality Customized Small Lotion Plastic Bottle Cap Flip Top Bottle Cap] [30mm Extractor Cooling Fan 30X30X10 12V IP68 Cooling Tower Fan][Cnc Grooving Inserts]
- Vittadini E., Rinaldi M., Chiavaro E., Barbanti D., Massini R. The effect of different convection cooking methods on the instrumental quality and yield of pork Longissimus dorsi.Meat Sci.2005;69:749–756. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.11.005.[China Venting Greenhouse China Commercial Exterior Exhaust Fans Factory Side Mount Exhaust Fan] [Hemp Flowers Felt Infant Protect Soft Bouncy Baby Bed Bumper][Heatransfer Color Metal Iron Steel Security Door (W-S-125)]
- Yi H. C., Cho H., Hong J. J., Ryu R. K., Hwang K. T., Regenstein J. M. Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of seasoned beef patties with added glutinous rice flour.Meat Sci.2012;92:464–468. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.05.012.[Masala Powder / Chilli Powder / Milk Powder Packing Machine Price] [Rapid Prototyping development and 3D Printing Manufacture][Automatic High Speed Plastic PE PP Flower Bag Making Machine]
Articles fromSinotruk HOWO Trailer Tractor 371HP HOWO 6X4 Tractor Head Truckare provided here courtesy ofChina Supplier Energy Saving 3W LED Golden Totem Pendant String Light
