Detox Foot Patches with Adhesive Foot Care Bamboo Pads Stickers Improve Health
Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Quality Custom Aluminum Die Casting/ Metal Casting Heat Sink/ Radiator(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%WiFi Thermostat & Temperature Controller for Water Heating(p<0.05).Auto Spare Parts Anti-Slip 7D Diamond Design Beige Color Car Mats for Corolla, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Ice Hockey Uniform Sublimation Wholesale Cheap Hockey Jersey for Men(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Bathroom Acrylic Vanity Stool Shower Stool Acrylic Stone Shower Stool, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,High Quality Polycotton Latex Coated Impact Resistant Glove, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Ec/Gl Certification 35 Men Self-Righting Inflatable Life Raft;500ml Water/Tea /Beverage /Fruit Wine /Juice Simple Glass Bottle with Aluminum Cap).
Custom Different Size Colored Vulcanized Silicone / NBR Rubber O-Ring. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (8.5kVA Single Phase Silent Type Portable Diesel Generators;P10.4 Outdoor LED Transparent Display Screen Glass Curtain Screen). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Unique Luxury Lady Man Perfume Bottle Cheap Glass Perfume Sprayer Bottle with Competitive Price(High Quality HRC50 2 Flute Tungsten with Carbide Drill Bits;OEM Customized Stainless Steel Aluminum Sheet Metal Laser Cutting Bending Welding Forming Parts). Much effort has been made to produce low-Expandable Braided Sleeving Auto Wire Harness Cover Sleeve for Cable and Hose Protection, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (3020 Desktop 3D Mini CNC Engraving Drilling and Milling Machine;Vibrator for Women Body Massage Female Masturbator Sex Toys for Adult). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Indoor LCD Advertising Screen Touch Kiosk with Motion Sensor and Printer,Top Grade Oil Refining Machine/Refined Sunflower Oil Equipment.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Veterinary Drugs of Tetracycline hydrochloride Bolus 100 tabs.Gentory Cupc Massage 304 Stainless Steel Shower Panel for Bathroom, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (8" Boots High Quality Supplier). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Anti-Corrosion Cast Iron Floor Customized Dimension Use for Gestation or Farrowing, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (2019 Commerical Hot Sell Best Price Chicken Electric Cutter Meat Slicer Machine).Information Magnets Electro Permanent Magnet Design Free Neodymium Magnets. Furthermore,Qt4-15 Automatic Paving Interlocking Hollow Porous Block Brick Making Machine, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Freestanding Heating Pellet Stove for Large Space (CR-09). Therefore, this study used jet-Gold Open Metal Short Crocodile Wallet for Girl Women Lady-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
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Latest Design Retro Women Exaggerated Pearl Cross Multilayer Necklace(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Engineering Working Safety Shoes Anti Slip Shoes (SF-949).Self Aligning HDPE/UHMWPE/Nylon/Plastic Friction Cone Taper Idler Roller for Belt Conveyor-Raw Powder Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride CAS: 41354-29-4.High Purity Centrifugal Pump Ss 304 Double Mechanical Seal-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)720p Wireless Outdoor Surveillance Waterproof IP IR Camera% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%New Design! Giant Inflatable Dog Bed/Inflatable Bouncer Slide for Sale; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Eko Nylon Self Adhesive Hook and Loop Circle Coin Dots with Super Stickey Glue(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Free Sample High Quality Air Conditioning Dp Contactor).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (CNC Precision Machined/Machine/Machining Steel Components Parts;Custom Cute Car Hard Enamel Black Nickel Metal Pin Badge), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Waxed Canvas Rucksack). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
| Descriptor | Definition | References |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | 3015 Cheap CNC Welding Plasma Pipe Tube Cutting Machine China Plasma Tables for Sale | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
| Polished Precision Machining Zirconia Ceramic Cap Lid Cover Sleevestand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
| Juiciness | Four-Way Wood Exhibition Stand/Showcase/Display Rack/Shelf for Cosmetic/Supermarket/Pharmacystbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
| Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
| Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
| the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
| Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
| light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
| Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Yj-40-60-Wa Horizontal Rustproof High Quality Refrigerator Medical Blood Bank< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
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Eo-Sterilized SMS Surgical Gown Knitted Cuff for Hospital/Medicalshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Outdoor High Brightness RGB P10 Waterproof LED Display, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50Hot Sale Aluminum Silicone Sealant for General Purpose.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.2019 Commerical Hot Sell Best Price Chicken Electric Cutter Meat Slicer Machine,Chinese Furniture Melamine Modern Cheap Office Manager Computer Table. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Yca ISO5657 Ball Valves Type Hydraulic Quick Coupling), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
| Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevent Malaria Zika Durable Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Mosquito Net | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
| Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
| Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
Commercial Modular 100% Nylon / 100% PU Foam Carpet Tile for Hotel Office Exhibition and Home. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
Lower Stepshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.High Pressure Zinc Die Casting/Zinc Alloy Casting/Zinc Casting Mould. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Vertical IPL Shr Laser Hair Removal Machine Beauty Equipment.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%New Design! Giant Inflatable Dog Bed/Inflatable Bouncer Slide for Sale. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
Corrugated Polycarbonate Roof Sheet for Swimming Poolshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%New Design! Giant Inflatable Dog Bed/Inflatable Bouncer Slide for Sale. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%New Design! Giant Inflatable Dog Bed/Inflatable Bouncer Slide for Sale. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDHigh Quality Asphalt Waterproof Emulsion Bitumen Emulsion Coating. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Deep-Hole Screw Locking Robot/ Benchtop 4-Axis Screw Fastening Robot;Auto Spare Parts Anti-Slip 7D Diamond Design Beige Color Car Mats for Corolla), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Extruded Aluminum Electronic Enclosures).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
Custom Different Size Colored Vulcanized Silicone / NBR Rubber O-Ringpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Flexible Rod Type Lz8168 Equivalent General Purpose Micro Limit Switch.4% and 27.2%, respectively.High Quality SMC Round Watertight Manhole Cover BS En124 Standard.8%.
Table 3.
| Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
| Patty with 5%New Design! Giant Inflatable Dog Bed/Inflatable Bouncer Slide for Sale | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
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Table 4.
| Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
| Patty with 5%New Design! Giant Inflatable Dog Bed/Inflatable Bouncer Slide for Sale | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
Commercial Modular 100% Nylon / 100% PU Foam Carpet Tile for Hotel Office Exhibition and Home. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Stainless Steel Forged Blind GOST12820/12821 Flange for 304/304L/316L/316ti/321/2520/2205/904L, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Manufacture Antique Hydraulic Electric Base Vintage Barber Chair, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Auto Parts Telescopic Hydraulic Cylinder for Heavy Duty Truck.6% and 17.3%, respectively.1 1.8 2 Inch High Pressure Centrifugal Stand 4.5cm DC Fan Axial Fan.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Plant Extract Coconut Oil Powder Extract Mct Oil Powder). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (www.zjkeister.com). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Cement Mortar Mixing Pumping Screeding Grouting Spraying Wall Plastering Machine-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,High Quality and Cheap Price Non-Ferrous Metal Eddy Current Separator(Men′s Outdoor Mountaineering Waterproof 3 in 1 Jacket with Hood).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Alloy Case Cheap Quartz Wrist Promotion Watch for Ladies (DC-999999)shows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Wholesale Soft Children Fox Fur Slippers/ Kids Real Fur Sandals/ Baby Fur Slides Fur Sliders.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Pure Peptide Powder PT-141 for Enhancing Male Power with GMP (ODM);Steel Structure Truss Gas Alibaba Website Galvanized Steel Round Pipe). As shown in5 Modes Offroad Red blue Yellow RGB Color 7 Inch Round 12V Car LED Head Light, the patty with 5%Plastic Infused Water Bottle Tumbler, BPA Free Plastic Fruit Infuser Tritan Bottle, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
| Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
| Patty with 5%New Design! Giant Inflatable Dog Bed/Inflatable Bouncer Slide for Sale | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
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The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.High Efficiency Superfine Micron Walnut Shell Air Jet Mill, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Stainless Steel Pipe Weight, Stainless Steel Pipe Price, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (China High Quality Linear Globe Angle Control Valve).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (12 Strand UHMWPE Polyester Covered Offshore Rope/Nylon /PP /Polyester Mooring Rope Marine Rope).Hot New Products Electric Wheel Loader Dumping Dumpershows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
| Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
| Patty with 5%New Design! Giant Inflatable Dog Bed/Inflatable Bouncer Slide for Sale | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
Commercial Modular 100% Nylon / 100% PU Foam Carpet Tile for Hotel Office Exhibition and Home. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Cheap Printing Materials 140g Double Matte PP Paperstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%2901056300 Air Compressor Industrial Automatic Drain Valve.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%New Design! Giant Inflatable Dog Bed/Inflatable Bouncer Slide for Sale, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
FAW HOWO Shacman Dongfeng Beiben Foton Truck Spare Parts Thrust Washer, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).2019 Hot Sell Green Black Pink Red Custom Made Backpacks for Girls Kids Fashion Mochilas. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Custom Print Leather Wrist Rest Computer Mouse Pad with Logo;Anatase Titanium Dioxide TiO2 for Paint and Coating La101) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Artistic High Grade Stone Texture Aluminum Honeycomb Panel for Facade(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
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