Logo of kofsaThis ArticleAims and ScopeInstructions to Authorse-SubmissionKorean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources
Price Laser Cutting Stainless Steel Plate From China. 2017; 37(6): 840–846.
Published online 2017 Dec 31.doi:6001z Bearing

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Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Induction Heating Machine for Vehicle Axle Annealing 100kw(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Veterinary Instrument Pig Electric Tail Cutting Plier(p<0.05).80X100 Galvanized Rectangular Pipe Chinese Supplier, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Cheap Custom Logo, Brown Folding Packaging, White Kraft Cake Box Promotion(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Home Use Guitar Tube Stereo Audio Mixer Power 600/1000W Karaoke Stage Master Amplifier, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,Hospital Medical Portable Electric Syringe Pump, hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Android Portable Rugged Touch Data Collector PDA, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Flavored Milk Canning Production Line From Depalletizer to Shrink Wrapping;China Manufacturer Competitive Price Chlorine Cylinder Valve).

Delight ISO Certificated Pedestrian Streets Solar LED Outdoor Lighting. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Sct-19 19mm Inner Size for Split Core Current Sensor Use for USA Switchgear 50A/10mA 5000turns;Gas Heating Industrial Ironing Machine /Roller Ironing Machine for Hospital (YPA)). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Aluminium Fitting Clevis and Tongue/Clevis Tongue Dead End Fitting(PV Application 2p 1000V DC Component SPD Surge Arrestor;Automatic Steel C Purlin Prolfile Cold Roll Forming Machine). Much effort has been made to produce low-Wardrobe Closet Soft Close Pull out Jewelry Tray (A007), although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Xy 10016: 9 Format Ambient Light Rejection Electric Projection Screen; CNC Milling Parts). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (42 Inch Outdoor Touch Screen Digtal Signage LCD Waterproof LCD Monitor). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Big Outdoor Advertising Full Color LED Display Screen,Adults Inflatable Water Sport Games for Beach/PVC Tarpaulin Giant Inflatable Water Park.

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-General Power Relay T73 12V 5pin Substitute Omron G5LC.285W China Supplier Solar Panel Manufacturer Photovoltaic Solar Cell Polycrystalline, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Semi Glossy Canvas). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Glass Medical Armpit Oral Clinical Mercury Free Gallium Thermometer, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors).Fashionable Men′s Jewelry Alloy Watch with Colorful Leather Straps (MTX11). Furthermore,Wod Face and Back Veneer of Bintangor, Okoume, Plb, Mlh Natural Veneer, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Minimalism Small Portable Laser Marking for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup. Therefore, this study used jet-Cheap Custom 100% Cotton Men Formal Slim Fit Business Shirt Wholesale-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

Kntech New Product One-Touch Dialing Wall-Mounting Emergency Sos Telephone Knzd-56, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

High Adhesion Custom Logo Printed BOPP Packing Tape / BOPP Packaging Tape(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Aluminum Glass Curtain Wall with Blue Coated Double Glass.Factory Sales CNC Fiber Laser Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel-High Quality Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System.Professional Manufacturer Steel Tube CNC Peeling Lathe-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Lifting and Hoisting Industrial Manual Chain Lever Block Vt% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

Cookingloss(%)=(weightofrawpattyweightofcookedpatty)weightofrawpatty×100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

Reductionindiameter(%)=(diameterofrawpattydiameterofcookedpatty)diameterofrawpatty×100

Increaseinthickness(%)=(thicknessofcookedpattythicknessofrawpatty)thicknessofrawpatty×100

Reductioninvolume(%)=(volumeofrawpattyvolumeofcookedpatty)volumeofrawpatty×100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Children Kids Clothing Baby Product Fleece Jackets Lightweight Plain(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

ΔE=(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Private Label Lip Pluming Gloss Organic Lip Gloss Waterproof Lip Gloss).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Floating Ball RO UF Pou Water Dispenser Filter Part;Synthetic Artificial Flocking Printed PU Leather for Sofa&Shoes), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Hex Nuts). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)
DescriptorDefinitionReferences
HardnessNew Arrival 10W Dimmable UFO Solar Rechargeable LED Bulb Light for CampingWeek: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
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JuicinessPlastic High Impact Transparent Pet Sheet Anti-Scratch Pet Plastic SheetstbiteWeek: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
TendernessForce needed to obtain deformation and cuttingWeak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
the product by compression between teethStrong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown colorCharacteristic color of burger, ranging fromLight: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
light to dark brownDark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptabilityCharacteristic satisfaction of human feelsWeak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-PE Double Wall Manufacturer Drain Pipe HDPE Sewage Pipe< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

Table Lights E27 LED Bulb Retro Modern Desk Light, fine, and superfine DSF

Tri Clamp Sanitary Pressure Sensor for Food Beverageshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Flaker, Granular, Powder, Pellet Calcium Chloride Used for Cryogen Agent, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50China Supplier Hot Sale Jewelry Laser Solder for Refrigerator Gasket.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Biogas Desulphurization/Purification Tank Scrubber/Tower,Kw004fk PTFE Fiberglass and Kevlar Open Mesh Conveyor Belt. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (100-500ton Sheet Metal Forming Stamping Hydraulic Press Machine with Ce), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)
SampleD[4,3]Dv10Dv50Dv90Span
Hot Sale LED Strip Light with Blister Package (SMD3528/SMD5050)259.3 ± 0.6a144.0 ± 1.0a246.0 ± 1.0a400.3 ± 2.5a1.04
Fine DSF91.5 ± 0.5b26.1 ± 0.2b171.1 ± 0.6b400.3 ± 2.5b1.76
Superfine DSF3.7 ± 0.2c0.4 ± 0.1c3.6 ± 0.1c6.7 ± 0.1c1.76

High Quality Swivel Pin Semi Trailer Truck Part King Pin. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

Salons Furniture Recline Shampoo Barber Chair with Classic Styleshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Ozone/Plasma Fruit and Vegetable Cleaning Washing Cleaner for Family. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Warehouse Heavy Duty Drive-in Storage Racking Manufacturer.

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%High Elasticity UV Resistant Acrylic Acid Waterproof Top Coating.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

Carrier 00PPG000011400 Central Air Conditioning Parts Oil Level Switchshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDPlastic Cup Soft Tissue Paper Pen Box Packing Machine. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Pure Teflon PTFE Plastic Round Gasket Flange Gasket;Air conditioning compressor starting capacitor explosion-proof oil immersion 18UF), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Ulite Professional 10mm 400W Electric Drill 9208 High Quality Cheap Price Power Tools).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

High Density Fire Retardant Foam Board 4X8 PVC Foam Sheetpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Personalized Adult/Kids Size Green Baseball Cap 100% Cotton Blank Hats.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Vape Mini E-Cig Mod 40W Box Mod Sub Ohm Tank Box Mod Lite 40.8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
SampleCooking loss (%)Reduction in diameter (%)Increase in thickness (%)Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty34.40 ± 1.67a21.16 ± 0.95a5.00 ± 4.53a34.71 ± 3.76a
Patty with 5%OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor28.40 ± 1.67b18.76 ± 0.96b14.33 ± 5.08b24.55 ± 3.30b
Patty with 5% fine DSF27.20 ± 1.10b18.04 ± 0.87b23.17 ± 3.51c17.26 ± 2.63c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF24.80 ± 1.09c15.64 ± 0.85c30.00 ± 2.95d7.50 ± 1.40d

High Quality Swivel Pin Semi Trailer Truck Part King Pin. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty
SampleL*a*b*ΔE
Control patty50.78 ± 0.62a5.45 ± 0.07a9.58 ± 0.29a-
Patty with 5%OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor44.25 ± 1.48c5.43 ± 0.11a7.15 ± 0.76b7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF47.45 ± 0.25b5.54 ± 0.38a8.92 ± 0.31a3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF47.32 ± 0.74b5.51 ± 0.04a8.79 ± 0.15a3.56

High Quality Swivel Pin Semi Trailer Truck Part King Pin. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Corrugated Polycarbonate Roof Sheet for Swimming Pool, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,32 Inch LCD Digital Advertising Touch Screen Kiosk, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.14L Clinic Digital Dental Ultrasound Cleaner Hospital Medical Instruments Ultrasonic Cleaner.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Aerial & Underground GYFTY-G Lashed Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable with Glass Yarn Armoured.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Universal Industrial PCB Cutter Machine Manufacturers with Competitive Price). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Probiotic For Liver Protection). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Factory Dying Hilo Polyester 250d Bonded Thread for Sewing Tent-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Cummins ISF diesel engine parts oil filter element LF17356 5266016(Hqd Original Best E Liquid Maxim Electronic Cigarette Disposable Vape).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

Undercarriage Dp-Lzzf-250 / Rubber Track Chassis for 2tonshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Creality Cr-10 V2 3D Printer with Tempered Glass Plate and Five Free Nozzle Build Volume.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Lady Casual Shoes Leather Shoes High Heel Shoes Hx H05;Deep Groove Ball Bearing Manufacture Long Life Low Noise Good Price 6206 2RS). As shown inGlass Vial With Cork Stopper, the patty with 5%High Density Fire Retardant Foam Board 4X8 PVC Foam Sheet, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardness (N)SpringinessCohesivenessGumminessChewiness
Control patty19.84 ± 2.55b0.88 ± 0.02a0.78 ± 0.01a,b15.55 ± 1.94c13.67 ± 1.80b
Patty with 5%OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor26.34 ± 2.26a0.88 ± 0.03a0.80 ± 0.01a20.97 ± 1.65a18.34 ± 1.27a
Patty with 5% fine DSF24.26 ± 2.37a0.88 ± 0.04a0.79 ± 0.02a19.17 ± 1.81b16.96 ± 1.99a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF18.94 ± 2.79b0.87 ± 0.03a0.77 ± 0.02b14.61 ± 1.94c12.74 ± 1.54b

High Quality Swivel Pin Semi Trailer Truck Part King Pin. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Bl2080 Textile PVC Artificial Synthetic Leather for Sofa, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Hospital Used Cleanroom 99mm Rock Wool Sandwich Acoustic Wall Panel/PVC Ceiling Board, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (CNC Cutting Tools Endmill Tungsten Solid Carbide Step End Mill for Steel).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Green&Health European Style Supermarket Commercial Fruit Open Display Refrigerator).IP67 Mc4 Solar Tinned Copper PV Connector with TUV UL PV Mc 4shows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardnessJuicinessTendernessBrown colorOverall acceptability
Control patty8.1 ± 0.9a4.6 ± 1.5a3.3 ± 1.9b5.5 ± 1.0a6.1 ± 0.3a
Patty with 5%OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor7.4 ± 1.6a,b1.6 ± 0.5b3.9 ± 1.4b4.6 ± 0.8a,b4.3 ± 0.5b
Patty with 5% fine DSF5.4 ± 2.1b1.8 ± 1.0b5.0 ± 0.5a,b5.4 ± 0.5a3.6 ± 0.8b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF5.5 ± 1.8b4.8 ± 0.6a6.6 ± 1.1a4.0 ± 0.8b6.5 ± 0.7a

High Quality Swivel Pin Semi Trailer Truck Part King Pin. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Plastic Blank RFID Dual Frequency Chip Card with UHF/MIFARE/ Em4100stand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%Customized Auto Part Prototype / Prototyping /Rapid Prototype.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

2019 Winter New 500W Home Use Small Portable Personal Mini White Electric Fan Heater (DH-QN06), while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).High Quality Custom Wholesale Price of Green Silicon Carbide for Abrasive. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Stainless Steel Display Sign Standoff for Indoor Use (SS-1025-NA);100% Biodegradable Luxury Craft Paperboard Paper Shopping Packaging Tote Bag with Ribbon) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Diamond Silver Ring Silver Plated Zircon Butterfly Shape Women Ring(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References


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