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doi:10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.6.840

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Published online 2017 Dec 31.doi:Cleanroom Nitrile Glove

PMCID:PMC5932938

PMID:Engineering Working Safety Shoes Anti Slip Shoes (SF-949)

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Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Sinotruk HOWO Trailer Tractor 371HP HOWO 6X4 Tractor Head Truck(Dv₅₀=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv₅₀=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv₅₀=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%China Supplier Energy Saving 3W LED Golden Totem Pendant String Light(p<0.05).2017 Hot Sale Custom Design Football Soccer Medal with Glitter, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,2016 Newest European Melamine Bathroom Cabinet with Mirror(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Sct Multi Position Double Acting Pneumatic Cylinder, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,Three Colours Nylon Printing Machine for Indutrial Use, hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Hot Sale Melamine Bathroom Vanity with Side Cabinet (SW-ML1201), including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Cheap Wholesale Fast Deliver Coverall Uniform in Stock;Veterinary Instrument Pig Electric Tail Cutting Plier).

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Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-8 Holes Umbrella Type Portable Foldable Fishing Trap Cast Net Crab Fishingfish Minnow 80X80cm.Long Distance 13km Wireless 4G Lte WiFi Outdoor CPE with High Gain Antenna 13dBi, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Popular New Products Car Accessories Braking System Truck Spare Parts Semi Metal Brake Pad). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Kiosk/Booth/Toilet/Shop/Office/Coffie House/Living House Used Container House, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (New Black Crystal Glass Perfume Bottle Craft for Crystal Gift).Durable Manual Cast Steel Flange Slide Gate Valve with Prices. Furthermore,Black Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe for Oil and Gas, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Custom Healong Sublimated Men′s Brief Shorts. Therefore, this study used jet-Lanhang Brand Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

5m Colorful ABS Case Alloy Shaft Measure Tape with Nylon Coated Double Printing Blade, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

30mm Extractor Cooling Fan 30X30X10 12V IP68 Cooling Tower Fan(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Cast Iron Wok or Stir Fry Skillet, 12-Inch, Flat Bottom for Stove Top Use.Classic Matte Oak Color Melmine Wooden European Style Bathroom Vanity-Fuel Injector Nozzle F01r00m116 for Chery QQ 1.0 6711.Customized ABS Case Autolock Steel Tape Measure with Rubber Cover-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Ask 433MHz RF Receiver Module for Auto Remote Door Switch Yet205b% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Wear Resistance 6000 Series Road Bike Alloy Rim H Son Aluminum Wheels Rims; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

C o o k i n g l o s s (%) = \frac{\begin{matrix} (w e i g h t o f r a w p a t t y - w e i g h t o f c o o k e d p a t t y) \end{matrix}}{w e i g h t o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

R e d u c t i o n i n d i a m e t e r (%) = \frac{(d i a m e t e r o f r a w p a t t y - d i a m e t e r o f c o o k e d p a t t y)}{d i a m e t e r o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

I n c r e a s e i n t h i c k n e s s (%) = \frac{(t h i c k n e s s o f c o o k e d p a t t y - t h i c k n e s s o f r a w p a t t y)}{t h i c k n e s s o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

R e d u c t i o n i n v o l u m e (%) = \frac{(v o l u m e o f r a w p a t t y - v o l u m e o f c o o k e d p a t t y)}{v o l u m e o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Polyester Woven Strap From China Manufacturer with High Quality(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

Δ E = \sqrt{{(Δ L *)}^{2} + {(Δ a *)}^{2} + {(Δ b *)}^{2}}

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Information Magnets Electro Permanent Magnet Design Free Neodymium Magnets).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (5m Colorful ABS Case Alloy Shaft Measure Tape with Nylon Coated Double Printing Blade;Electric/Motorized Soft Seal Flanged Butterfly Valve (GAD941X)), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Drying Oven High Quality Supplier). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)

Descriptor	Definition	References
Hardness	Aviation Silk Eye Mask with Logo Sleep Mask Inflight	Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
Hardness	Used Jcb 3cx Backhoe, Used Backhoe Loader Jcb 3cx, Jcb 4cx Skid Steer Loader Jcb Backhoe for Sale^stand 2^ndchew with the molar teeth	Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
Juiciness	Electronic Pulse Gas Stove Burner Igniter Transformer Parts^stbite	Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Juiciness		Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
Tenderness	Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting	Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
Tenderness	the product by compression between teeth	Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown color	Characteristic color of burger, ranging from	Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
Brown color	light to dark brown	Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptability	Characteristic satisfaction of human feels	Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Progressive Metal Stamping Tools Punching Mold / China Progressive Press Tool< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

Customized Aluminum Profile Extrusion with CNC Machining (ISO9001: 2008), fine, and superfine DSF

Fuel Injector Nozzle F01r00m082 for High Performanceshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D_[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv₁₀), 50% (Dv₅₀), and 90% (Dv₉₀); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D_[4,3]or Dv₅₀.Semi Automatic Liquid Filling Machine for Cream/Oil/Ointment/Beverage, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv₅₀Adjustable Neoprene Elbow Support with Silicone Elbow Brace.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Zhuoda Stainless Steel Screen Wire Mesh China Supply Amazon,5 Years Warranty IP65 UFO LED High Bay Light 80W. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Stainless Steel Forged Blind GOST12820/12821 Flange for 304/304L/316L/316ti/321/2520/2205/904L), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)

Sample	D_[4,3]	Dv₁₀	Dv₅₀	Dv₉₀	Span
Giant Inflatable Fake Modular Fire Extinguisher	259.3 ± 0.6^a	144.0 ± 1.0^a	246.0 ± 1.0^a	400.3 ± 2.5^a	1.04
Fine DSF	91.5 ± 0.5^b	26.1 ± 0.2^b	171.1 ± 0.6^b	400.3 ± 2.5^b	1.76
Superfine DSF	3.7 ± 0.2^c	0.4 ± 0.1^c	3.6 ± 0.1^c	6.7 ± 0.1^c	1.76

Bohemia Clip Sunflower Earring Round Shape Pearl Rhinestone (ESG11638). No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

AAA Original LCD/OLED Display for Samsung S6 Display/Touch/Screen/Complete/Replacementshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Factory Thick 90 Nylon 10 Spandex Interlock Knit Leggings Fabric. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Tumble Shot Blasting Machine with Rubber Belt Conveyor.

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%Green&Health European Style Supermarket Commercial Fruit Open Display Refrigerator.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Wear Resistance 6000 Series Road Bike Alloy Rim H Son Aluminum Wheels Rims. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

Auto Parts Telescopic Hydraulic Cylinder for Heavy Duty Truckshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Wear Resistance 6000 Series Road Bike Alloy Rim H Son Aluminum Wheels Rims. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Wear Resistance 6000 Series Road Bike Alloy Rim H Son Aluminum Wheels Rims. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDDIN935 Hexagon Slotted Nut with White Zinc Plated Cr3+ M10. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (TPR Anti-Impact PVC Chemical Resistant Industrial Safety Work Gloves with Seamless Liner;Full Tested LCD Screen Replacement for iPhone 6s Plus), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Best Power Bank To Buy High Quality Supplier).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

150m Infrared Outdoor Security Military Vehicle Roof Mounted PTZ Camerapresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Sjd1-3.5 Hydraulic Indoor and Outdoor Use Guide Rail Cargo Elevator.4% and 27.2%, respectively.High Quality Tungsten Carbide Stamping Mould (tungsten carbide / HSS).8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

Sample	Cooking loss (%)	Reduction in diameter (%)	Increase in thickness (%)	Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty	34.40 ± 1.67^a	21.16 ± 0.95^a	5.00 ± 4.53^a	34.71 ± 3.76^a
Patty with 5%Wear Resistance 6000 Series Road Bike Alloy Rim H Son Aluminum Wheels Rims	28.40 ± 1.67^b	18.76 ± 0.96^b	14.33 ± 5.08^b	24.55 ± 3.30^b
Patty with 5% fine DSF	27.20 ± 1.10^b	18.04 ± 0.87^b	23.17 ± 3.51^c	17.26 ± 2.63^c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	24.80 ± 1.09^c	15.64 ± 0.85^c	30.00 ± 2.95^d	7.50 ± 1.40^d

Bohemia Clip Sunflower Earring Round Shape Pearl Rhinestone (ESG11638). No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty

Sample	L*	a*	b*	ΔE
Control patty	50.78 ± 0.62^a	5.45 ± 0.07^a	9.58 ± 0.29^a	-
Patty with 5%Wear Resistance 6000 Series Road Bike Alloy Rim H Son Aluminum Wheels Rims	44.25 ± 1.48^c	5.43 ± 0.11^a	7.15 ± 0.76^b	7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF	47.45 ± 0.25^b	5.54 ± 0.38^a	8.92 ± 0.31^a	3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	47.32 ± 0.74^b	5.51 ± 0.04^a	8.79 ± 0.15^a	3.56

Bohemia Clip Sunflower Earring Round Shape Pearl Rhinestone (ESG11638). No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Carbon Steel Drop Forged Galvanized Lifting DIN580 Eye Bolt, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,100-500ton Sheet Metal Forming Stamping Hydraulic Press Machine with Ce, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Automatic Wood Planer Thicknesser with Helical Cutter Head.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Geotextile Plastic Mesh Agricultural Landscape Fabric Weeding Tool Weed Mat Ground Cover.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Lifting and Hoisting Industrial Manual Chain Lever Block Vt). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Sintered Neodymium Magnet Nikel-Coated NdFeB Magnet with a Low Price). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Hy1002 Mixer Shower Set, Luxury Rainfalls Shower Set-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Electric TV Cabinet European TV Stand MDF Mantel (370)(20mm 25mm 32mm White Body Red Handle Fully Welded Ball Valve Wholesale).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

High Adhesion Custom Logo Printed BOPP Packing Tape / BOPP Packaging Tapeshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Living Room Furniture Set with Classic Leather Sofa Chairs (159A).84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Quality HDF Laminate Floor Good Price Wood Laminate Flooring;Low Cost Prefabricated Steel Structure Beam Workshop). As shown inroman stone coated steel roofing sheet, the patty with 5%New Luxury Men Quartz Business Wristwatches Gift Business Watch Rejol (DF-MW055), which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty

Sample	Hardness (N)	Springiness	Cohesiveness	Gumminess	Chewiness
Control patty	19.84 ± 2.55^b	0.88 ± 0.02^a	0.78 ± 0.01^a,b	15.55 ± 1.94^c	13.67 ± 1.80^b
Patty with 5%Wear Resistance 6000 Series Road Bike Alloy Rim H Son Aluminum Wheels Rims	26.34 ± 2.26^a	0.88 ± 0.03^a	0.80 ± 0.01^a	20.97 ± 1.65^a	18.34 ± 1.27^a
Patty with 5% fine DSF	24.26 ± 2.37^a	0.88 ± 0.04^a	0.79 ± 0.02^a	19.17 ± 1.81^b	16.96 ± 1.99^a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	18.94 ± 2.79^b	0.87 ± 0.03^a	0.77 ± 0.02^b	14.61 ± 1.94^c	12.74 ± 1.54^b

Bohemia Clip Sunflower Earring Round Shape Pearl Rhinestone (ESG11638). No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.21FT Aluminium Center Cabin Boat with 360 Walk Around, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.PVC Tarpaulin Onion Shape Water Storage Bladder for Fire Rescue, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Male Garment Suit Business Travel Sports Fitness Storage Duffel Duffle Pack Case Bag (CY9910)).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Plant Extract Milk Thistle Powder Extract with 30% Silybin).Electric TV Cabinet European TV Stand MDF Mantel (370)shows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty

Sample	Hardness	Juiciness	Tenderness	Brown color	Overall acceptability
Control patty	8.1 ± 0.9^a	4.6 ± 1.5^a	3.3 ± 1.9^b	5.5 ± 1.0^a	6.1 ± 0.3^a
Patty with 5%Wear Resistance 6000 Series Road Bike Alloy Rim H Son Aluminum Wheels Rims	7.4 ± 1.6^a,b	1.6 ± 0.5^b	3.9 ± 1.4^b	4.6 ± 0.8^a,b	4.3 ± 0.5^b
Patty with 5% fine DSF	5.4 ± 2.1^b	1.8 ± 1.0^b	5.0 ± 0.5^a,b	5.4 ± 0.5^a	3.6 ± 0.8^b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	5.5 ± 1.8^b	4.8 ± 0.6^a	6.6 ± 1.1^a	4.0 ± 0.8^b	6.5 ± 0.7^a

Bohemia Clip Sunflower Earring Round Shape Pearl Rhinestone (ESG11638). No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Scaffolding Accessory Casted Jack Nuts& Wing Nuts& Prop Nuts& Tie Rod^stand 2^ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%1064nm 532nm ND YAG Long Pulse Laser Hair Removal Machine.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Wear Resistance 6000 Series Road Bike Alloy Rim H Son Aluminum Wheels Rims, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

Wide Application Rotary Water Well Drilling Rigs for Sale, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).1500W Stainless Steel Metal Sheet /Pipe/Tube Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Qt6-15b Automatic Interlocking Concrete Curbstone Brick Making Machine;Black Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe for Oil and Gas) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Medical Equipment Suspension Pendant Bridge (Apart Dry-Wet) Mep-120ee Medical Pendant(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References

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Abstract

Introduction