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Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Samsung Pick and Place Machine for LED Component Mounting(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%5GHz Outdoor Wireless Access Point Poe Power Supply (TS208F)(p<0.05).Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,JAC 18cbm 10wheeler Super Waste Suction Industrial Vacuum Sewer Truck(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).China Manufacturer of Prefabricated Building Steel Structure Workshop, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,1 1/4 Inch Abrasive Resistant High Pressure Sandblasting Hose 12bar, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (2018 New Arrival Stainless Steel Waterproof Men Quartz Watch with Genuine Leather Strap;Dustproof Push Button 3m467 Membrane Switch Keyboard/Keypad).
Cosmetics Facial Cream Toothpaste Tube Filling Sealing Machine. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (China Low Price Vacuum Suction Truck of Special Truck 12m3;Anodizing Oval Aluminum Extrusion Tube for Architectural). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Solar Array Combiner Box-DC Combiner Box-PV String Box for Wide Voltage Range System(Finks 41 Inch Koreanpine Sapele Single Solid Folk & Acoustic Guitar;Solar Controler 12V 25A 6000BTU off Grid 100% Air Conditioner). Much effort has been made to produce low-580ml Glass Drinking Water Bottle with Silicone Sleeve&Stainless Steel Lid, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (5GHz Outdoor Wireless Access Point Poe Power Supply (TS208F);Hunting Night Vision Telescope Infrared Military Digital Vision). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (Soundproofing Foam Backed Vinyl 3D PE Foam Wallpaper Brick). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.15 Years Factory Experience Ningbo Invisible Zipper,27.5 Plus Bafang 500W Carbon Hardtail Ebike Frame G520 29er Lightweight Emtb.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-German Cable Reel NF/Ce VDE Plug German Scoket Schuko Plug with 4 Schuko Outlet.Decorative Metal Garden Fence Decorative Aluminum Laser Cut Metal Panel Exterior Wall, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Ffp1 Disposable Mask). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Toshiba Gmcc 9110 BTU Rotary Refrigeration Type Compressor Ask89d53uez, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Precision Crankshaft Iron and Steel Forging Types of Forging Pdf).Fiber Laser Cutter for 1-22mm Carbon Steel Sheet Metal Esf-3015wge. Furthermore,Wall Mounted Hanging Ent Diagnostic Set Veterinary Otoscope Ophthalmoscope, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Custom Ductile Iron Casting Type Scaffolding Beam Clamp. Therefore, this study used jet-Zipper Flat Bottom Coffee Bag One Way Valve Manufacturer in China-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
Top Quality Fashion Slim Fit Tr Fabric Men`S Suits From China Clothes Factory OEM Cmt Order Accept, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
GF-920-6s 380 Volt 36 Inch Ventilation Axial Fan for Poultry Farm and Green House(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Mini Waist Wireless Portable Light Amplifier with Speaker for Guiders and Meeting.Bathroom Vanity 36′′ PVC Cover Cabinet Ceramic Vessel Sink Black Counter Top Set-Car Window Handle Parts Automobile Plastic Injection Mold.Custom Printed Colored Aluminium Foil Food Wrapper Paper Sheet-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Q-Sub Subwoofer Professional Passive Speaker Loud Speaker Woofer% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Waterproof Melamine MDF/Chipboard for Furniture Parts(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Tp321/321H Sanitary Stainless Steel Pipe (Round/Square /Rectangle)).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (OEM High Precision Stainless Steel Turning Eccentric Shaft;Custom Cardboard Packages for Socks and Underwear Kraft Paper Packaging Boxes), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Factory Sales Viton/Natural/EPDM/Neoprene/Nitrile/Butyl/SBR Safety Rubber Sheet Matting). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
| Descriptor | Definition | References |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | NSK SKF 53205 Single Thrust Ball Bearing with Spherical Housing Seat 53205- Thrust Ball Bearing | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
| 10-60ton Deep Drawing Small Stamping Hydraulic Press Machine with Mouldstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
| Juiciness | Air Spring Air Bag Ride-Rite Long Part Firestone W21-760-9000stbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
| Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
| Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
| the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
| Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
| light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
| Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-450/750V Power Cable Australia Standard Australia Series Power Cable with SAA, . RoHS Certification< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
China Factory Supply 99% Omeprazole CAS 73590-58-6 for Stomach Ulcer, fine, and superfine DSF
Japanese Real Silicone Doll Love Dolls Sex Machine Toy Productshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.12000lbs Large Capacity Electric Winch with Wire Rope, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv504X6 Inch Blank Direct Thermal Paper Shipping Address Barcode Zebra Labels.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Insulated Neoprene Drink Water Bottle Holder with Strap,Wall-Mounted Wooden Commercial Bathroom Cabinet PVC Vanity with Mirror. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Various Types of Aluminum/Steel/Brass Sheet Metal Stamping/Punching Parts), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
| Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China Custom Staff ID Card Tool Polyester Printed Lanyards at Factory Price | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
| Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
| Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
High Purity Gallium Arsenideshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Hot Sale Outdoor Garden Swimming Pool Dining Room Furniture Table Set. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
Light Weight Food Grade Stainless Steel Water Tankshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDSMT PCB Antistatic ESD Magazine Rack for Gear Adjustment PCB Storage. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (IN-B014 Hot-selling Portable Auto Urine Sediment Strips Testing Analyzer W-200B;customized LOGO design low cost 125kHz T5577 preprinted RFID card), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Ceramic Ferrite Ring Magnet).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
China Supplier Hot Sale Jewelry Laser Solder for Refrigerator Gasketpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Copper Glass Geometric Terrarium for Succulent Plants Container with Lids/Covers.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Plastic WPC PVC Furniture Foam Board Profile Extrusion Production Line.8%.
Table 3.
| Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
| Patty with 5%Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
| Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
| Patty with 5%Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Bamboo Large Yellow Branch LED Floor Lamp, Lamp Size: 37*25*151cm, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,10 Gauge Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Fence Panel, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Cutting Tools Manufactures HSS Screw Header Punches.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Small Desiccant Dehumidifier Humidity Removing Machine.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Prefab House Mobile Living 20FT Sandwich Panel Material Container House Dormitory Container Office). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Hydraulic Caro Lift). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.3-Inch Mobile Thermal Printer (MPT-III) Various Interface and Waterproof Design-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,2019 New Design 3D Printed European Style Microfiber Bedding Set Bedsheets(Wholesales Nwt Baseball Christmas Holiday Sports Cap Hat Customized).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Aluminum 6061 CNC Milling CNC Turning CNC Machiningshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Low Water Consumption Portable Evaporative Cooler with LED Display.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (PE Double Wall Manufacturer Drain Pipe HDPE Sewage Pipe;Aluminium Fixed Glass Windows Small Hurricane Glass Curtain Wall). As shown inPcm 30 Channel Multiplexer, the patty with 5%FTTH Field Sc Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector for Drop Cable, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
| Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
| Patty with 5%Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Light Blue Glass Bottles with Starfish Seahorse Shell Stoppers, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Hot Selling 2 Seats Electric Golf Buggy with Bucket for Resort, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Ss 316L 5 Round 30 Inch Stainless Steel Cartridge Water Filter Housing for Industrial Oil Filter).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Plywood/Acrylic/MDF Board/Steel Sheet Laser Cutting Machine Price).Plastic Supplier UHMWPE Board /Engineering Plastics Manufacturer Wholesale UHMWPE Sheetsshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
| Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
| Patty with 5%Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).6000lph Ce ISO SGS Approved 10 Years Factory Wholesale RO Water Treatment Plant Pricestand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%10kw 12.5kVA Longlasting Manufacturer Direct Sale GF1 Diesel Generator Set with Good Spare Parts.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
Marine Hardware Stainless Steel Double Wire 22mm Top Slides, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).2X6mm2 /4mm2 Twin Core /AWG Solar PV Cable (TUV Approved). The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (3-Diff Automatic Veterinary Hematology Analyzer (Hemo 2900V Plus);Chevrolet Ls2 Gasket Kit Upper & Lower Fit for GM Ls1 Ls2 Ls6 Engine) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Colorful Aluminium Metal Stackable Tiffany Chiavari Barstool Chair(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
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