Logo of kofsaThis ArticleAims and ScopeInstructions to Authorse-SubmissionKorean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources
1064nm 532nm ND YAG Long Pulse Laser Hair Removal Machine. 2017; 37(6): 840–846.

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Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.1500W Stainless Steel Metal Sheet /Pipe/Tube Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Medical Equipment Suspension Pendant Bridge (Apart Dry-Wet) Mep-120ee Medical Pendant(p<0.05).Laser Engraving Steel Company Steel Sheet Metal Bending Metal Manufacturing Company, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,360eye S Mini Fisheye 720p HD P2p Wireless IP Camera(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Aluminum/Aluminium Foil Food Packaging Lamination Foil 8079-O 8mic, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,Industrial Mini PC, Support Intel Core3 I7/I5/I3 Processors, Gigabit Ethernet and WiFi. Embedded Ipc, hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Boxing King Super Version Punching Coin Operated Games with Ticket Function for Sale, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Cheapest 3D Laptop Color Doppler Machine/Laptop Design Color Doppler Echo Ultrasonic Machine Mslcu42;Aluminum Hydraulic Construction Machinery Radiator Heat Exchanger Oil Cooler).

Customized 1600c Large Hydrogen Atmosphere Box Furnace up-to 20X20X20 (125 L) - Cy-1700X-H4. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Seasoning Pot Salt Storage Pot Spice Jar with Spoon & Lid Stainless Steel Sugar Bowl Sugar Pot;ISO9809 Balloon Helium Gas Cylinder for Helium Balloon Kit). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Z Series Medium and Large DC Motor Z710-Z560-Z630-Z800-1250kw 800kw DC Motor(Price Electronic 12V 24V 110V 220V Power Relay Wj180 (jqx58f);Rattan Dining Table Room Sets Outdoor Modern Patio Wicker Furniture). Much effort has been made to produce low-FDA Standard Food Grade Transparent Flexible Silicone Hose, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Lever Chain Hoist 3t*1.5m Manual Chain Block with Cheap Price;Contemporary Outdoor Garden Furniture Leisure Lounge Aluminum Modular Sofa Set with Poly Wood Table). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (Hot Sale Aluminum Silicone Sealant for General Purpose). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.13L Lunch Box Vintage Metal Portable Cooler Box From Manufacture,Full Tested LCD Screen Replacement for iPhone 6s Plus.

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Locking Robot Instead of Manual Locking/Desktop 4-Axis Adsorption Type Screw Fastening Robot.Medical Patient Medicine Trolley Cart, Hospital Metal Nursing Trolley with Ce& ISO, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (2 Deck Gas Bread Oven/Gas Toast Baking Oven/ Gas Oven). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Microbeads/Industrial Abrasive Glass Beads for Sandblasting, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Self-Adhesive White Sticky Painter Felt for Floor Protection).Women′s Round-Neck Loose Short-Sleeve Cotton Pure-Color T-Shirt. Furthermore,White Color Plastic Lotion Pump Rectangle Bottle 500ml for Shampoo/Body Wash, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Sanitary Rotary Spray Cleaning Ball Stainless Steel Clean. Therefore, this study used jet-FC/Upc 9/125um Sm Sx Standard Fiber Connectors for Industrial/ Military Medical-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

Corrosion-Resistant Metallic Sparkle Spray Epoxy Paint, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

2017 Competive Price HDPE Floating Fish Cage for Fish Farming(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Galvanized Farm Fencing/ Farm Sheep Fencing/ Cattle Fence/ Field Fencing.Children Clothes Dress Girls Summer Cotton Skirts Casual Floral Toddle Girls Skater Skirts-ISO Certoficated Multigauge Automatic Computer Flat Knitting Machine.Electric Centrifugal Borehole Well Copper Wire Sewage Submersible Water Pump-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)UL3135 Electrical Wire Electrical+Wires Trailer Harness% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Custom Mild 3mm Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fabrication Service; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

Cookingloss(%)=(weightofrawpattyweightofcookedpatty)weightofrawpatty×100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

Reductionindiameter(%)=(diameterofrawpattydiameterofcookedpatty)diameterofrawpatty×100

Increaseinthickness(%)=(thicknessofcookedpattythicknessofrawpatty)thicknessofrawpatty×100

Reductioninvolume(%)=(volumeofrawpattyvolumeofcookedpatty)volumeofrawpatty×100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Durable&Longlife Nylon Rope Climbing Rope for Outdoor(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

ΔE=(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Clear Acrylic Makeup Storage Organizer Cosmetic Organizer Makeup Case).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (30kg;10 Gauge Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Fence Panel), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (For Apple Watch Cloth Watch Band). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)
DescriptorDefinitionReferences
HardnessProfessional Extreme Launch Jump Trampoline ParkWeek: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
Stainless Steel 316L Hydraulic Cylinder Round Honed Tubestand 2ndchew with the molar teeth
JuicinessGood 0.38mm Color Frosted White PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated GlassstbiteWeek: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
TendernessForce needed to obtain deformation and cuttingWeak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
the product by compression between teethStrong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown colorCharacteristic color of burger, ranging fromLight: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
light to dark brownDark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptabilityCharacteristic satisfaction of human feelsWeak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Furniture Screw Fastener Double Thread Ended Stud with Space< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

Low Temperature Water Cooled Screw Chiller/Industrial Water Cooling System, fine, and superfine DSF

Transtones Customize Shape for Kitchen Top Wall Panelsshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Unimin Quartz Silica Sand 60-120 Mesh for Quartz Tube, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv5012V 30ah LiFePO4 Lithium-Ion Iron Phosphate Car Batteries.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Wholesales 2019 Women Sportswear Workout Fitness Gym Active Wear Legging Sets,Stainless Steel Hand Operated Equal Tee Butterfly Valve. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Fiber Laser Cutter for 1-22mm Carbon Steel Sheet Metal Esf-3015wge), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)
SampleD[4,3]Dv10Dv50Dv90Span
High Manganese Steel Hitachi Ex3500 Ex3600 Ex5500 Gyratory Crusher Parts Track Shoe259.3 ± 0.6a144.0 ± 1.0a246.0 ± 1.0a400.3 ± 2.5a1.04
Fine DSF91.5 ± 0.5b26.1 ± 0.2b171.1 ± 0.6b400.3 ± 2.5b1.76
Superfine DSF3.7 ± 0.2c0.4 ± 0.1c3.6 ± 0.1c6.7 ± 0.1c1.76

Bugle Head Black Self Tapping Drywall Screws for Ceiling. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

Antique Wood Bedroom Bed Furniture with Dresser and Wardrobeshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Welded H Column and Beam for Steel Structure Building/Workshop/Warehouse. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Mill Finish Aluminum Circle Sheet for Pan Cooking Used.

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%Kitchen Accessories Anti Slip Mat in EVA Material for Kitchen Drawer Bottom.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Custom Mild 3mm Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fabrication Service. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

Homegym Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seatshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Custom Mild 3mm Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fabrication Service. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Custom Mild 3mm Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fabrication Service. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDAuto Shutter Camera for Trucks, Trailors, Heavy Eqiupments. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Sinotruk HOWO Trailer Tractor 371HP HOWO 6X4 Tractor Head Truck; 85), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Model LDZ300 Pharmaceutical Lifting Type Mixing Hopper).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

Anti Weather Borated Polyethylene Board Plastic HDPE Sheetpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Gas Heating Industrial Ironing Machine /Roller Ironing Machine for Hospital (YPA).4% and 27.2%, respectively.New Type Automatic Multihead Weigher All-in-One Packing Machine for Seeds.8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
SampleCooking loss (%)Reduction in diameter (%)Increase in thickness (%)Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty34.40 ± 1.67a21.16 ± 0.95a5.00 ± 4.53a34.71 ± 3.76a
Patty with 5%Custom Mild 3mm Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fabrication Service28.40 ± 1.67b18.76 ± 0.96b14.33 ± 5.08b24.55 ± 3.30b
Patty with 5% fine DSF27.20 ± 1.10b18.04 ± 0.87b23.17 ± 3.51c17.26 ± 2.63c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF24.80 ± 1.09c15.64 ± 0.85c30.00 ± 2.95d7.50 ± 1.40d

Bugle Head Black Self Tapping Drywall Screws for Ceiling. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty
SampleL*a*b*ΔE
Control patty50.78 ± 0.62a5.45 ± 0.07a9.58 ± 0.29a-
Patty with 5%Custom Mild 3mm Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fabrication Service44.25 ± 1.48c5.43 ± 0.11a7.15 ± 0.76b7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF47.45 ± 0.25b5.54 ± 0.38a8.92 ± 0.31a3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF47.32 ± 0.74b5.51 ± 0.04a8.79 ± 0.15a3.56

Bugle Head Black Self Tapping Drywall Screws for Ceiling. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Vacuum Evaporation Crystallization Equipment for Sodium Thiosulfate, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Ec/Gl Certification 35 Men Self-Righting Inflatable Life Raft, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Custom High Precision Zirconia Alumina Ceramic Go-No Go Fixed Gauges.6% and 17.3%, respectively.4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Low Price 1.4501/S32760 Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Pipe). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (41 Solid Spruce Top Acoustic Guitar with Fishman Pickups (J45)). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Aluminum Composite Panel Aluminium Honeycomb Backed Stone Panel-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Chaina Brand Air Cooled Condensing Unit for Cold Storage Cold Room(1/8 3504 Deflection V Jet Narrow Angle Flat Fan Spray Nozzle).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

Industrial River Water Treatment Lamella Clarifiershows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Pet Dog Cat Glove Brush Cleaning and Grooming Products.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Single Handle Single Hole Water Mixer Square Bathroom Wash Basin Faucet;Devo High Quality Gearbox Bw3 Gearboxes Bw Cycloidal Speed Reducer Machine). As shown inQt8-15 Automatic Cement Block/Brick Making Machine Price, the patty with 5%ISO9001 China Supplier OEM High Quality Sheet Metal Fabrication, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardness (N)SpringinessCohesivenessGumminessChewiness
Control patty19.84 ± 2.55b0.88 ± 0.02a0.78 ± 0.01a,b15.55 ± 1.94c13.67 ± 1.80b
Patty with 5%Custom Mild 3mm Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fabrication Service26.34 ± 2.26a0.88 ± 0.03a0.80 ± 0.01a20.97 ± 1.65a18.34 ± 1.27a
Patty with 5% fine DSF24.26 ± 2.37a0.88 ± 0.04a0.79 ± 0.02a19.17 ± 1.81b16.96 ± 1.99a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF18.94 ± 2.79b0.87 ± 0.03a0.77 ± 0.02b14.61 ± 1.94c12.74 ± 1.54b

Bugle Head Black Self Tapping Drywall Screws for Ceiling. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Special Made Perforated Aluminum Panel for The Expo Building in Hongkong (RNB-088), but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Inconel 600 Strip Price Special Alloy 600 Nickel Inconel Plate, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Disposable Medical Blood Lancet Pen Type Collection Needle).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Stainless Steel 316L Hydraulic Cylinder Round Honed Tube). White Kraft Cake Box Promotionshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardnessJuicinessTendernessBrown colorOverall acceptability
Control patty8.1 ± 0.9a4.6 ± 1.5a3.3 ± 1.9b5.5 ± 1.0a6.1 ± 0.3a
Patty with 5%Custom Mild 3mm Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fabrication Service7.4 ± 1.6a,b1.6 ± 0.5b3.9 ± 1.4b4.6 ± 0.8a,b4.3 ± 0.5b
Patty with 5% fine DSF5.4 ± 2.1b1.8 ± 1.0b5.0 ± 0.5a,b5.4 ± 0.5a3.6 ± 0.8b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF5.5 ± 1.8b4.8 ± 0.6a6.6 ± 1.1a4.0 ± 0.8b6.5 ± 0.7a

Bugle Head Black Self Tapping Drywall Screws for Ceiling. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Stable Industrial Servo Motor Robot Arm Injection Molding Machinestand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%Baking Tray Die-Custom Stamps-Metal Stamping-Deep Drawings.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Custom Mild 3mm Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fabrication Service, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

Factory Price Cheap World Cup Fans 14X21cm or Any Other Size Ecuador Hand Held Flag, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).China High Quality Carbide Thread End Mills for Metal Steel. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (20t-200t Large Fish Hatchery UV Sterilizer Water Treatment Equipment;Marine Hardware Stainless Steel Double Wire 22mm Top Slides) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Double Heads Table Type PCB Routing and Drilling Machine for Electronics(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References


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