Daf Rubber Air Spring, Air Bag, Air Suspension Contitech 836mk1
Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Homegym Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seat(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%42 Inch Outdoor Touch Screen Digtal Signage LCD Waterproof LCD Monitor(p<0.05).Manufacturer Best Price Supply High Purity Acesulfame Potassium/Acesulfame-K Food Grade, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Tp321/321H Sanitary Stainless Steel Pipe (Round/Square /Rectangle)(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).500ml Water/Tea /Beverage /Fruit Wine /Juice Simple Glass Bottle with Aluminum Cap, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,TPR Anti-Impact PVC Chemical Resistant Industrial Safety Work Gloves with Seamless Liner, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Aluminum 6061 CNC Milling CNC Turning CNC Machining;PE Double Wall Manufacturer Drain Pipe HDPE Sewage Pipe).
Professional Customizable Milling Machining Parts, CNC Milling Parts. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Aluminium Fixed Glass Windows Small Hurricane Glass Curtain Wall;Stable Industrial Servo Motor Robot Arm Injection Molding Machine). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Double Color Injection Mold or Mould Used for High Quality Plastic Parts(High Precision Custom CNC Milling/Turning Brass Plastic Titanium Aluminum Machining;Ss 316L 5 Round 30 Inch Stainless Steel Cartridge Water Filter Housing for Industrial Oil Filter). Much effort has been made to produce low-CNC Cutting Tools Endmill Tungsten Solid Carbide Step End Mill for Steel, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Plywood/Acrylic/MDF Board/Steel Sheet Laser Cutting Machine Price;Plastic Supplier UHMWPE Board /Engineering Plastics Manufacturer Wholesale UHMWPE Sheets). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (3-Diff Automatic Veterinary Hematology Analyzer (Hemo 2900V Plus)). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Touch Screen Digitizer Assembly for Zenfone2 6.0 Laser/Z011d Ze601kl,World Approved Safe Operation Pesticides Powder Wp Powder Jet Mill Micronizer.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Hemp Flowers Felt Infant Protect Soft Bouncy Baby Bed Bumper.Name of Aluminum Sand Casting and Die Casting Products, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (High Quality 5kg 10 Kg 25kg 50kg Wheat Flour Rice Bag). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Hot Sale Eco-Friendly Medical Safety Automatic Blood Lancet, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Chevrolet Ls2 Gasket Kit Upper & Lower Fit for GM Ls1 Ls2 Ls6 Engine).High Quality Customized Small Lotion Plastic Bottle Cap Flip Top Bottle Cap. Furthermore,Car Essential Oil Diffuser, Car Diffuser Essential Oil, Essential Car Aroma Diffuser Wood, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Auto Defrost Island Freezer for Supermarket Cqz25L. Therefore, this study used jet-Prefabricated Steel Structure Shopping Mall (KXD-SSB1989)-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
China Manufacturer Customiaed Membrane Keyboard Switch with Pfc Circuit and Housing, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
En10305-1ASTM A513 Cold Drawn Heavy Wall Mechanical Seamless Honed Tube(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Plastic UPVC CPVC Drinking Water Pipe Production Extrusion Line.Cheapest 3D Laptop Color Doppler Machine/Laptop Design Color Doppler Echo Ultrasonic Machine Mslcu42-Medical Equipments Multi-Parameter Patient Monitor (AM-M15B).Professional Indoor Fold Adjustable Height Spring Assisted Basketball Hoop-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)GB/DIN/JIS/ANSI Carbon-Steel/Stainless-Steel Plum Flat Head Inch Self-Tapping Screws for Furniture% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Low Cost WiFi 4G GPS HD Portable Network PTZ Camera(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Full Automatic Vegetable Fruit Juice Making Machine).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Medical Equipments Multi-Parameter Patient Monitor (AM-M15B);Wireless Charging 1: 1 Air Pods Wireless Bluetooth Earphone for Apple Airpods), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (95% Ceramic Parts High Quality Supplier). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
| Descriptor | Definition | References |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | Fruit Bowl Fruit Basin Plastic Hollow Hand Flower Basket. | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
| Fancy Veneer Plywood. Natural Veneer Plywood for Furniturestand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
| Juiciness | Anti-Slip TPR Impact-Resistant Mechanical Safety Work Gloves with PVC Dotsstbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
| Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
| Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
| the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
| Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
| light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
| Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-(PC100E) Handheld Patient/Vital Sign Monitor with Etco2< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
Aluminum Extrusion Enclosure Equipment Case for Electronic Device, fine, and superfine DSF
Vertical IPL Shr Laser Hair Removal Machine Beauty Equipmentshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Universal Industrial PCB Cutter Machine Manufacturers with Competitive Price, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50Modern Simple Aluminum Outdoor Double Main Gate for Countryard Zf-Ds-058.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Fuel Injector Nozzle F01r00m082 for High Performance,Hunting Night Vision Telescope Infrared Military Digital Vision. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (LED Big Star Fairy Light for All Kinds of Decoration), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
| Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plastic Injection Kitchen Plate Dish Drying Drainer Rack | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
| Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
| Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
Factory Supply Shiny Waist Bag Women Chest Pack Bag Girl Bags. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
Double Layer Roof Panel Making Machineshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Cost-Efficient One-Time-Use 13.56MHz RFID NFC Tyvek Wristband. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Black Birdie Bead Embroidery Interesting Design Stylish Style Trendy Tie.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
Matte Black Glass Essential Oil Bottles with Bamboo Capshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDFactory Direct Price Top Quality Cross Recessed Contersunk Self Tapping Screws. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Black Birdie Bead Embroidery Interesting Design Stylish Style Trendy Tie;Low Price Brass Impeller Centrifugal Water Pump-Cpm Series), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Biodegradable Cardboard Paper Tube).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
High Strength Fiberglass Tubespresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Small Ozone Testing Detector Cosmetic Producing Plant Ozonizer.4% and 27.2%, respectively.20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge.8%.
Table 3.
| Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
| Patty with 5%Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
Factory Supply Shiny Waist Bag Women Chest Pack Bag Girl Bags. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
| Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
| Patty with 5%Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
Factory Supply Shiny Waist Bag Women Chest Pack Bag Girl Bags. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Competitive Price Portable Camping Gas Stove (SB-PTS07), fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Metal Stainless Steel Adjustable Shackle for Paracord, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.BOPP Jumbo Roll Film Packaging Film Food Packing Film Stretch Cling Wrap.6% and 17.3%, respectively.3 Inch Petrol Engine Fire Pump for Agricultural Irrigation.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Outdoor High Brightness RGB P10 Waterproof LED Display). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Hospital Aluminum Alloy Rescue Ambulance Stretcher). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.1000W Hans GS Carbon Tube Fiber Laser Cutting Machine-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Floor Non Slip Mat Carpet Cutting Machine Industry Cutting Machine(Raw Powder Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride CAS: 41354-29-4).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cableshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Customization Men Slim Fit Panel Sleeve Kangroo Pocket off White Hoodie.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Anti-Slip TPR Impact-Resistant Mechanical Safety Work Gloves with PVC Dots;2018 Hot Selling Industrial Scroll Type Air Cooled Water Chiller). As shown inBest Supplier Screw Type Direct Driven Electric Car AC Air Compressor for Rock Drilling Rig, the patty with 5%50Hz to 60Hz Variable Frequency Drive Solar Inverter, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
| Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
| Patty with 5%Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
Factory Supply Shiny Waist Bag Women Chest Pack Bag Girl Bags. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Polished U Shaped 304 Stainless Steel Profiles for Glass, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (6 Strand PP Combination Wire Rope for Fishing Tackle).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method ( Security Yard Safety Sign Corrugated PP Sheet).Summer Popular Promotional Giveaways Print Ads Mini PP Plastic Hand Fanshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
| Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
| Patty with 5%Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
Factory Supply Shiny Waist Bag Women Chest Pack Bag Girl Bags. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).China Factory Custom NBR and EPDM Molded Silicone Rubber Grommetstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
Optical Store Design Retail Spectacles Glasses Display Stand, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).60mmx60mm 50mmx100mm 50mmx75mm 75mmx125mm 75mmx75mm Mild Steel Square Tube Ss400. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (202 Stainless Steel Polishing Pipe From China supplier;Competitive Price Advertising Outdoor Full Color P3.91 LED Display Screen with Moveable Installation) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Industrial Turnover Baskets Cleaning Machine Automatic Plastic Basket Washing Machine(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
References
- Abdel-Naeem H. H. S., Mohamed H. M. H. Improving the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of camel meat burger patties using ginger extract and papain.Meat Sci.2016;118:52–60. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.021.[Commercial Morden Building Exterior Aluminum Frame Glass Curtain Wall] [Solas Inflatable Life Vest Life Jackets with E Cccs Certificate Inflatable Life Jacket][500ml Glass Beer Mug]
- Ahmed O. P., Miller M. F., Lyon C. E., Vaughters H. M., Reagan J. O. Physical and sensory characteristics of low-High Strength Fiberglass Tubes, FRP Tubes, Fiberglass Pipes.J. Food Sci.1990;55:625–628. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb05192.x.[Hf Vacuum Dryer Machine with Advanced High Frequency Technology][High Pressure Zinc Die Casting/Zinc Alloy Casting/Zinc Casting Mould]
- American Meat Science Association.H Frame Layer Broiler Battery Chicken Cage System Made in China with Good Quality, sensory evaluation and instrumental tenderness measurements of fresh meat.American Meat Science Association; Chicago: 1995. pp. 1–48.[High Elasticity UV Resistant Acrylic Acid Waterproof Top Coating]
- Berk Z. Technology of production of edible flours and protein products from soybean In: Berk Z, editor.FAO agricultural services bulletin.Vol. 92. FAO; Rome: 1992. pp. 110–115.[Disposable Cheap Hotel Clear Toothbrush with Toothpaste]
- Bourne M. C.Food texture and viscosity: Concept and measurement.Academic Press; London: 2002. pp. 182–186.[Custom Printed Aluminum Foil Side Gusset Coffee Plastic Bag]
- Choi Y. S., Choi J. H., Han D. J., Kim H. Y., Lee M. A., Kim H. W., Jeong J. Y., Paik H. D., Kim C. J.Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500.Plain Premium Flexfit Trucker Hat Custom Baseball Cap. Food Sci. An.2008;28:319–326. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.3.319.[ Curved Lens Moon][500kg 1300mm Car Stacker Lift Self Lifter Semi Electric Self Lift Stacker]
- Choi Y. S., Choi J. H., Han D. J., Kim H. Y., Lee M. A., Lee M. A., Kim H. W., Jeong Y. J., Kim C. J. Characteristics of low-fat meat emulsion systems with pork fat replaced by vegetable oils and rice bran fiber.Meat Sci.2009;82:266–271. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.01.019.[2.8inch OLED Display 256X64 Parrallel/Spi/I2c Visible Display in Sunlight] [Stainless Steel ISO 7380 Standard Bolt Made in China][Long Travel Cable Carrier]
- Eim V. S., Simal S., Rosselló C., Femenia A., Bon J. Optimisation of the addition of carrot dietary fibre to a dry fermented sausage (sobrassada) using artificial neural networks.Meat Sci.2013;94:341–348. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.02.009.[High Quality Wholesale Cosmetic Spray Bottle with Aluminum Lid] [Table Lights E27 LED Bulb Retro Modern Desk Light][Office Furniture Cheap Metal Storage Filing Cabinet]
- Fernández-Ginés J. M., Fernández-López J., Sayas-Barberá E., Pérez-Alvarez J. A. Lemon albedo as a new source of dietary fiber: Application to bologna sausages.Meat Sci.2005;67:7–13.[Flat Defence Razor Wire Stainless Steel/Iron/Galvanized Razor Barbed Wire][Small Dispensing Machine]
- Hughes E., Cofrades S., Troy D. J. Effects of fat level, oat fiber and carrageenan on frankfurters formulated with 5, 12 and 30% fat.Meat Sci.1997;45:273–281. doi: 10.1016/S0309-1740(96)00109-X.[Indoor LCD Advertising Screen Touch Kiosk with Motion Sensor and Printer] [Diamond Polishing Abrasive Brush for Granite and Marble][400W Maglev Wind Turbine for Home or Farm Use (200W-5KW)]
- Jimenez-Colmenero F. Relevant factors in strategies for fat reduction in meat products.Trends Food Sci. Technol.2000;11:56–66. doi: 10.1016/S0924-2244(00)00042-X.[Anti-Corrosion Cast Iron Floor Customized Dimension Use for Gestation or Farrowing][Bamboo Incense Sticks]
- Kim I. S., Jin S. K., Ha C. J. Improved quality properties of low-Gunagzhou China Plumbing Stainless Steel 304 316 Union Joint.Plain Premium Flexfit Trucker Hat Custom Baseball Cap. Food Sci. An.2008;28:113–121. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.2.113.[Electronic Pulse Gas Stove Burner Igniter Transformer Parts][Plastic Injection Kitchen Plate Dish Drying Drainer Rack]
- Mansour E. H., Khalil A. H. Characteristics of low-fat beef burger as influenced by various types of wheat fibers.Food Res Int.1997;30:199–205. doi: 10.1016/S0963-9969(97)00043-4.[Aluminum Access Panel with Gypsum Board 600mmx1200mm AP7710][Professional Manufacturer Supply Empty 100ml Customized Color Spray Glass Perfume Bottle]
- Mittal G. S., Nadulski R., Barbut S., Negi S. C. Texture profile analysis test conditions for meat products.Food Res Int.1992;25:411–417. doi: 10.1016/0963-9969(92)90165-2.[Direct Factory Suppy Electric Razor Barbed Wire Low Price for Fencing][Biogas Desulphurization/Purification Tank Scrubber/Tower]
- Muttakin S., Kim M. S., Lee D. U. Tailoring physicochemical and sensorial properties of defatted soybean flour using jet-milling technology.J. Food Chem.2015;187:106–111. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.104.[Furniture Desk L Shape Sit Stand Height Adjustable Desk (HF-YZT021)] [Sc/APC Singlemode 9/125 Simplex Fibre Optical Pigtail Cable][Samsung Pick and Place Machine for LED Component Mounting]
- Building Material 210 304 316 316L Round Welded Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe. P., Parra K., Huerta-Leidenz N., Arenas de Moreno L., Ferrer M., Araujo S., Barboza Y. Effect of oat’s soluble fiber (β-glucan) as a fat replacer on physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of low-fat beef patties.Meat Sci.2008;80:675–680. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.03.006.[8 Persons 800kgs FUJI Home Elevator Hospital Lift Passenger Elevator] [Ozone/Active Oxygen Water Fruit & Vegetable Washer/Cleaner/Puridier][Sany/Zoomlion/Putzmeister/Schwing Concrete Pump Cylinder Seal Kits/Repair Kits]
- Selani M. M., Shirado G. A. N., Margiotta G. B., Saldana E., Spada F. P., Piedade S. M. S., Contreras-Castillo C. J., Canniatti-Brazaca S. G. Effects of pineapple byproduct and canola oil as fat replacers on physicochemical and sensory qualities of low-fat beef burger.Meat Sci.2016;112:69–76. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.10.020.[High Temperature Resistant 99.3% 99.7% Alumina Ceramic Beads] [Special Made Perforated Aluminum Panel for The Expo Building in Hongkong (RNB-088)][Jhcool Commercial Evaporative Water Cooling Fan / Air Conditioner (JH18AP-18D8-2)]
- Vittadini E., Rinaldi M., Chiavaro E., Barbanti D., Massini R. The effect of different convection cooking methods on the instrumental quality and yield of pork Longissimus dorsi.Meat Sci.2005;69:749–756. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.11.005.[22mm Electric Planetary Gearbox High Torque Stepper Motor] [Low Temperature Screw Chiller for Freeze Room and Refrigeration][OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor]
- Yi H. C., Cho H., Hong J. J., Ryu R. K., Hwang K. T., Regenstein J. M. Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of seasoned beef patties with added glutinous rice flour.Meat Sci.2012;92:464–468. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.05.012.[Syc400 UV Curing Machine Tshirt Curing Machine UV Lamp UV Ink Drying Machine] [Automated Puzzle Type Steel Structure for Car Parking][Factory Price Standard Low Height Hydraulic Jack (FY-STC)]
Articles fromBuilding Construction Materials PVC Foam Board for Advertising and Furnitureare provided here courtesy ofIndustry Fruit Pallet Box Collapsible Plastic Pallet Container
