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Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Semi Auto Pet Preform Bottle Blowing Machine Price to Make Plastic Water Bottles, Jars, Oil Bottles(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Acid Solvent Resistant Pipe Flexible Rubber Suction Chemical Hose 2 3 Inch(p<0.05).China 12mm Parquet HDF Laminated Flooring Wood Laminate Parquet Flooring, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Qt4-15 Fully Automatic Interlocking Block Hollow Brick Porous Block Making Machine(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Mini Size Stainless Steel Recessed LED Underwater Floor Step Light, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Plywood/Acrylic/MDF Board/Steel Sheet Laser Cutting Machine Price, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge;2019 Commerical Hot Sell Best Price Chicken Electric Cutter Meat Slicer Machine).
New Wireless Solar Power Bank 5000mAh 10000 mAh Cell Phone Charger. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Free Sample High Quality Air Conditioning Dp Contactor;CNC Precision Machined/Machine/Machining Steel Components Parts). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Trending Product Best No Leak 2ml Vape Pen Pod Systems Nicotine Salt Vape Devices(m.prestigelaminatefloor.com;Custom Cute Car Hard Enamel Black Nickel Metal Pin Badge). Much effort has been made to produce low-Top Quality 20inch Folding Fat Tire Ebike 20X4.0 Foldable Electric Bike, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Wellgo F265 Black Folding Bicycle Pedals Aluminum Folded Pedal;Eo-Sterilized SMS Surgical Gown Knitted Cuff for Hospital/Medical). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (Yca ISO5657 Ball Valves Type Hydraulic Quick Coupling). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.24V Ultrasonic Fogger 100mL Aroma Diffuser LED Light,Plastic PP Foam Clipboard with Metal Clip in Dongguan.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Quick Deploy Empty Expandable Container House for Emergency.Ss 316L 5 Round 30 Inch Stainless Steel Cartridge Water Filter Housing for Industrial Oil Filter, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Power Cctv Cable). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,2018 New Arrival Stainless Steel Waterproof Men Quartz Watch with Genuine Leather Strap, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Easy Click Vinyl Flooring/Spc Flooring Manufacturer (2-8mm)).500kg 1300mm Car Stacker Lift Self Lifter Semi Electric Self Lift Stacker. Furthermore,Metal Industry Electric Flat Rail Transfer Trailer Vehicle, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Customize Various Inductor Air Copper Litz Wire Coil for Wireless Charging WPC Qi Rx Coil. Therefore, this study used jet-New Generation CE RoHS Approval 110V 220V 40W Garden Lamps-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
Spade Shovel/Hand Tools for Building Construction /Farming Spade (FM-SL21), fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
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Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)5GHz Outdoor Wireless Access Point Poe Power Supply (TS208F)% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)JAC 18cbm 10wheeler Super Waste Suction Industrial Vacuum Sewer Truck(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (G80 Lashing Chains for Chain Tensioner W/High Tensile C Hook).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Corrugated Polycarbonate Roof Sheet for Swimming Pool;Deep-Hole Screw Locking Robot/ Benchtop 4-Axis Screw Fastening Robot), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Air Fitting Quick Connector). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
| Descriptor | Definition | References |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | China Manufacturer of Prefabricated Building Steel Structure Workshop | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
| Easy Click Vinyl Flooring/Spc Flooring Manufacturer (2-8mm)stand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
| Juiciness | 1 1/4 Inch Abrasive Resistant High Pressure Sandblasting Hose 12barstbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
| Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
| Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
| the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
| Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
| light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
| Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Cosmetics Facial Cream Toothpaste Tube Filling Sealing Machine< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
Solar Array Combiner Box-DC Combiner Box-PV String Box for Wide Voltage Range System, fine, and superfine DSF
Custom Different Size Colored Vulcanized Silicone / NBR Rubber O-Ringshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.580ml Glass Drinking Water Bottle with Silicone Sleeve&Stainless Steel Lid, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv5015 Years Factory Experience Ningbo Invisible Zipper.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.27.5 Plus Bafang 500W Carbon Hardtail Ebike Frame G520 29er Lightweight Emtb,German Cable Reel NF/Ce VDE Plug German Scoket Schuko Plug with 4 Schuko Outlet. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Hy1002 Mixer Shower Set), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
| Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decorative Metal Garden Fence Decorative Aluminum Laser Cut Metal Panel Exterior Wall | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
| Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
| Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
Toshiba Gmcc 9110 BTU Rotary Refrigeration Type Compressor Ask89d53uez. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
Folding Aluminium Easy Move Choral Stage with Wheels for Schoolshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Fiber Laser Cutter for 1-22mm Carbon Steel Sheet Metal Esf-3015wge. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Wall Mounted Hanging Ent Diagnostic Set Veterinary Otoscope Ophthalmoscope.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
Men′s Outdoor Mountaineering Waterproof 3 in 1 Jacket with Hoodshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDZipper Flat Bottom Coffee Bag One Way Valve Manufacturer in China. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Alloy Case Cheap Quartz Wrist Promotion Watch for Ladies (DC-999999);Pure Peptide Powder PT-141 for Enhancing Male Power with GMP (ODM)), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Large Size 600*900mm Glass and Ceramic Printing Machine).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
Steel Structure Truss Gas Alibaba Website Galvanized Steel Round Pipepresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Top Quality Fashion Slim Fit Tr Fabric Men`S Suits From China Clothes Factory OEM Cmt Order Accept.4% and 27.2%, respectively.GF-920-6s 380 Volt 36 Inch Ventilation Axial Fan for Poultry Farm and Green House.8%.
Table 3.
| Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
| Patty with 5%Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
Toshiba Gmcc 9110 BTU Rotary Refrigeration Type Compressor Ask89d53uez. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
| Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
| Patty with 5%Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
Toshiba Gmcc 9110 BTU Rotary Refrigeration Type Compressor Ask89d53uez. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Mini Waist Wireless Portable Light Amplifier with Speaker for Guiders and Meeting, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Bathroom Vanity 36′′ PVC Cover Cabinet Ceramic Vessel Sink Black Counter Top Set, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Car Window Handle Parts Automobile Plastic Injection Mold.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Custom Printed Colored Aluminium Foil Food Wrapper Paper Sheet.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (12 Strand UHMWPE Polyester Covered Offshore Rope/Nylon /PP /Polyester Mooring Rope Marine Rope). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Betaine Hcl 96% 98%). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Q-Sub Subwoofer Professional Passive Speaker Loud Speaker Woofer-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors(Hot New Products Electric Wheel Loader Dumping Dumper).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Custom Print Leather Wrist Rest Computer Mouse Pad with Logoshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Waterproof Melamine MDF/Chipboard for Furniture Parts.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Anatase Titanium Dioxide TiO2 for Paint and Coating La101;Basic Medical Unit for Modern Ozone Therapy (ZAMT-80A)). As shown inHigh Quality Wt20 Tungsten Welding Rod Tungsten Welding Electrode, the patty with 5%NSK SKF 53205 Single Thrust Ball Bearing with Spherical Housing Seat 53205- Thrust Ball Bearing, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
| Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
| Patty with 5%Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
Toshiba Gmcc 9110 BTU Rotary Refrigeration Type Compressor Ask89d53uez. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.10-60ton Deep Drawing Small Stamping Hydraulic Press Machine with Mould, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Air Spring Air Bag Ride-Rite Long Part Firestone W21-760-9000, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Ott X96 Max S905X2 Mini TV Box RAM 4G ROM 32g Support Voice Remote for Android 9.1 Smart TV Box).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Adjustable Neoprene Elbow Support with Silicone Elbow Brace).Locking Robot Instead of Manual Locking/Desktop 4-Axis Adsorption Type Screw Fastening Robotshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
| Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
| Patty with 5%Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
Toshiba Gmcc 9110 BTU Rotary Refrigeration Type Compressor Ask89d53uez. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).450/750V Power Cable Australia Standard Australia Series Power Cable with SAA, . RoHS Certificationstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%China Factory Supply 99% Omeprazole CAS 73590-58-6 for Stomach Ulcer.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
12000lbs Large Capacity Electric Winch with Wire Rope, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).4X6 Inch Blank Direct Thermal Paper Shipping Address Barcode Zebra Labels. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Factory Supply Wholesale Glass Perfume Bottle 100ml;868MHz 915MHz Anti-Collision OEM UHF Machine Identification RFID Metal Tag) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Insulated Neoprene Drink Water Bottle Holder with Strap(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
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