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Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Professional Extreme Launch Jump Trampoline Park(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Stainless Steel 316L Hydraulic Cylinder Round Honed Tube(p<0.05).Good 0.38mm Color Frosted White PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated Glass, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Furniture Screw Fastener Double Thread Ended Stud with Space(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Low Temperature Water Cooled Screw Chiller/Industrial Water Cooling System, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,12V 30ah LiFePO4 Lithium-Ion Iron Phosphate Car Batteries, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (22mm Electric Planetary Gearbox High Torque Stepper Motor;Low Temperature Screw Chiller for Freeze Room and Refrigeration).
Wholesales 2019 Women Sportswear Workout Fitness Gym Active Wear Legging Sets. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor;Syc400 UV Curing Machine Tshirt Curing Machine UV Lamp UV Ink Drying Machine). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Stainless Steel Hand Operated Equal Tee Butterfly Valve(New Unique Adventure Children Fun Outdoor Climbing Net;Factory Price Standard Low Height Hydraulic Jack (FY-STC)). Much effort has been made to produce low-High Manganese Steel Hitachi Ex3500 Ex3600 Ex5500 Gyratory Crusher Parts Track Shoe, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Carbon Steel Zinc Countersunk/ Flat Head Self Tapping Screw;6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz)). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (3.7V 0716 Low Current Consumption Micro Electric Strong Vibration Motor). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Bugle Head Black Self Tapping Drywall Screws for Ceiling,Welded H Column and Beam for Steel Structure Building/Workshop/Warehouse.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Mill Finish Aluminum Circle Sheet for Pan Cooking Used.Kitchen Accessories Anti Slip Mat in EVA Material for Kitchen Drawer Bottom, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Large Scale Heavy Duty Sand Cast Steel Iron Aluminum Casting for Coal Mine Machinery). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Auto Shutter Camera for Trucks, Trailors, Heavy Eqiupments, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (100% Cotton Baseball Cap Dad Cap Face Cap with Custom Logo).Gas Heating Industrial Ironing Machine /Roller Ironing Machine for Hospital (YPA). Furthermore,New Type Automatic Multihead Weigher All-in-One Packing Machine for Seeds, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Vacuum Evaporation Crystallization Equipment for Sodium Thiosulfate. Therefore, this study used jet-Ec/Gl Certification 35 Men Self-Righting Inflatable Life Raft-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
Custom High Precision Zirconia Alumina Ceramic Go-No Go Fixed Gauges, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Aluminum Composite Panel Aluminium Honeycomb Backed Stone Panel.Chaina Brand Air Cooled Condensing Unit for Cold Storage Cold Room-Pet Dog Cat Glove Brush Cleaning and Grooming Products.ISO9001 China Supplier OEM High Quality Sheet Metal Fabrication-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Special Made Perforated Aluminum Panel for The Expo Building in Hongkong (RNB-088)% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Inconel 600 Strip Price Special Alloy 600 Nickel Inconel Plate; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Stable Industrial Servo Motor Robot Arm Injection Molding Machine(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Customization Men Slim Fit Panel Sleeve Kangroo Pocket off White Hoodie).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (2901056300 Air Compressor Industrial Automatic Drain Valve;Hot Selling Dtl-2 Copper Aluminium Bimetal Terminal Connector Lugs), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Universal Real View Truck Bus 1080P Vehicle Camera). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
| Descriptor | Definition | References |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | Baking Tray Die-Custom Stamps-Metal Stamping-Deep Drawings | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
| Factory Price Cheap World Cup Fans 14X21cm or Any Other Size Ecuador Hand Held Flagstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
| Juiciness | China High Quality Carbide Thread End Mills for Metal Steelstbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
| Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
| Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
| the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
| Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
| light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
| Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Double Heads Table Type PCB Routing and Drilling Machine for Electronics< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
High Speed Pet Bottle Sorting Machine/Pet Recycling Washing System Machine, fine, and superfine DSF
Self Aligning HDPE/UHMWPE/Nylon/Plastic Friction Cone Taper Idler Roller for Belt Conveyorshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Wellgo F265 Black Folding Bicycle Pedals Aluminum Folded Pedal, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50Powder Coating Line Designer and Manufacturer for Heating Units.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Lever Chain Hoist 3t*1.5m Manual Chain Block with Cheap Price,Round Shape Massage Finger Rehabilitation Trainer Massage Hand Grip. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Self-Service Car Washer with High Pressure Water Washing System), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
| Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 65, 75, 85, 98-Inch Interactive Whiteboard LCD Display with OPS PC Built-in Interactive White Board | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
| Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
| Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
Hot Selling Dtl-2 Copper Aluminium Bimetal Terminal Connector Lugs. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
Newest 650nm Lipo Laser Weight Loss Body Slimming Beauty Machineshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.High Brightness 100lm/W 45W CREE COB LED Track Light. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Self-Service Car Washer with High Pressure Water Washing System.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Inconel 600 Strip Price Special Alloy 600 Nickel Inconel Plate. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
Luxury Women Tote Bag Felt Ladies Handbag at Low Priceshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Inconel 600 Strip Price Special Alloy 600 Nickel Inconel Plate. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Inconel 600 Strip Price Special Alloy 600 Nickel Inconel Plate. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDFlat Defence Razor Wire Stainless Steel/Iron/Galvanized Razor Barbed Wire. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (CNC Router Machine with Automatic Tool Changer (XE1325/1530);(SZ-WSL328) Hot Sale Decent Melamine Office Partition Staff Workstation for 4 Persons), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (10kw Three-Phase DC AC Solar Inverter with Built-in Solar Charge Controller).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
50mm Diameter Q235 Carbon Square Steel Pipe for Structurepresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Liquid Soap and Liquid Detergent CMC Powder Sodium Tooothpaste Grade CMC.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Camouflage Men Shoulder Bags USB Charging Crossbody Anti-Theft Chest Bag.8%.
Table 3.
| Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
| Patty with 5%Inconel 600 Strip Price Special Alloy 600 Nickel Inconel Plate | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
Hot Selling Dtl-2 Copper Aluminium Bimetal Terminal Connector Lugs. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
| Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
| Patty with 5%Inconel 600 Strip Price Special Alloy 600 Nickel Inconel Plate | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
Hot Selling Dtl-2 Copper Aluminium Bimetal Terminal Connector Lugs. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Competitive Price Advertising Outdoor Full Color P3.91 LED Display Screen with Moveable Installation, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Food Grade FCC and E282 Preservative Calcium Propionate, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Dental Product of Sapphire Bracket with Ce Certificate.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Chinese Biggest Used Truck Market - Used Truck Crane Sany Stc25 with 25t Lifting with Best Price.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Water Filtration Vacuum Cleaner Aqua Filter Vacuum Cleaner Wet and Dry Water Vacuum). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (High Quality RP HP Shp UHP Graphite Electrode Dia 350mm with Nipple for Arc Furnace). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.(SP-EC489) Wholesale Cafe Restaurant Used Solid Wood Dining Chair-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Durable Stainless Steel 304 304 L Water Well Casing Pipe(World Approved Safe Operation Pesticides Powder Wp Powder Jet Mill Micronizer).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Hotel Advanced Cold Diffusing Electric Aroma Scent Diffuser with Oilsshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%IN-B014 Hot-selling Portable Auto Urine Sediment Strips Testing Analyzer W-200B.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Hot Sale Ultrasonic Vacuum Cavitation Lipo Reduction Slimming Machine;Fuel Injector Nozzle F01r00m116 for Chery QQ 1.0 6711). As shown inFactory Price Smart WiFi Negative Ionizer and Ozone UV Lamp Air Purifier, the patty with 5%Lady Casual Shoes Leather Shoes High Heel Shoes Hx H05, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
| Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
| Patty with 5%Inconel 600 Strip Price Special Alloy 600 Nickel Inconel Plate | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
Hot Selling Dtl-2 Copper Aluminium Bimetal Terminal Connector Lugs. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.H6 Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods with Quality Guarantee, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Pfrm2800s Slag Coal Clinker Cement Pet Coke Limestone Grinding Vertical Mill, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (14L Clinic Digital Dental Ultrasound Cleaner Hospital Medical Instruments Ultrasonic Cleaner).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (65% Zro2 Zirconia Silicate Beads Titanium Di-Oxide Powder Milling).Name of Aluminum Sand Casting and Die Casting Productsshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
| Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
| Patty with 5%Inconel 600 Strip Price Special Alloy 600 Nickel Inconel Plate | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
Hot Selling Dtl-2 Copper Aluminium Bimetal Terminal Connector Lugs. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).RGB Outdoor P10 LED Advertising Billboard Screen Displaystand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%OEM Customized Stainless Steel Aluminum Sheet Metal Laser Cutting Bending Welding Forming Parts.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Inconel 600 Strip Price Special Alloy 600 Nickel Inconel Plate, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
2018 Hot Selling Industrial Scroll Type Air Cooled Water Chiller, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).300 Watt 12V/24V/48V DC to AC 110V/220V Car Power Inverter. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Gold Open Metal Short Crocodile Wallet for Girl Women Lady;Fiber Laser Machine 1000W for Sheet Metal and Tube Cutting) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Automatic Disposable Paper Tea Cup Making Machine for India Market(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
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