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Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Alkali-Resistant Fiberglass Net for Eifs 10X10mm, 125G/M2(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Aluminum Hard Medical Equipment Flight Case for Pistol(p<0.05).Blue Dividers Round Shape Office Workstations Office Partition (HY-256), gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,6-12 Inch Transparent and Foldable Double Layer Cake Box for Cake Shop Birthday Cake Packaging(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).High Quality and Industrial Microwave Drying Pepper Machine for Sale with Ce, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Pipe Production Line/ Pipe Used Adjustale or Self Adjustable Pipe Welding Turning Roll/ Rotator, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Classic Matte Oak Color Melmine Wooden European Style Bathroom Vanity; Plastic Ceiling Arts for Home (BRJ18-S022)).
6FT Garden Decoration Metal Windmill for Outdoor Use. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Factory Supply Shiny Waist Bag Women Chest Pack Bag Girl Bags;FAW HOWO Shacman Dongfeng Beiben Foton Truck Spare Parts Thrust Washer). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,860-960MHz ISO 18000-6C Impinj Monza R6 HY-ER62 70*14mm Inlay RFID UHF Tag(NBR EPDM Customized Suction Cup Rubber Bellow for Automotive Industry;10rt/35.16kw Capacity Water Cooled Industrial Beer Chiller). Much effort has been made to produce low-High Precision Wood Laser Engraving Cutting Machine 1390 1325, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability ( Glass Drinking Mug;860-960MHz ISO 18000-6C Impinj Monza R6 HY-ER62 70*14mm Inlay RFID UHF Tag). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (G45 Mini LED Globe Bulb 4W E27/B22 Base Ce RoHS Energy Saver). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Thermal Insulated Basalt Rock Wool Rolls with Wire Mesh for Roofing,HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose with Industrial Grade.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Hydraulic Double Roller Crusher for Coal Crushing.Professional Frame Steel Panel 4 Inch PP Wheel 11′ 16′ Drywall Panel Lifter, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Commercial Mix Flavor Ice Cream Machine Yogurt Soft / Hard R410A 3 Flavor 110V). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Hot Sale Ultrasonic Vacuum Cavitation Lipo Reduction Slimming Machine, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Risense Automatic Touch Free/Touchless/ Brushless High Pressure Washer).Aluminum Coils H111 H116 H14 H24 H32 (1050 1060 1100 3003 5052 5083 5754). Furthermore,CNC Laser Metal Cutting Machine, Laser Cutting Machine 500W 1000W, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Elastic Laces Dyeing and Finishing Machine with High Speed. Therefore, this study used jet-Electric Four Wheel Scooter Mobility Scooter (FP-EMS01)-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
1.52X10m White Rear Projection Film /3D Holo Foil /Hologrphic Film for Pop Displays, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
250A 3 Pole Load Disconnect Switch AC/DC Main Isolator(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Dining Furniture Restaurant Dining Set Stainless Steel Marble Dining Table.16oz Wide Mouth Ball Glass Mason Jar with Metal Lid Metal/Store Jam Jar-Mobile Machine Tool Cabinet (OEM Sheet Metal Tool Cabinet).Ce Approved Spiral Electric Cable Coiled Wire Power Cable-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Wholesale Doshower Office Barber Shop Hair Salon Customer Chair% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Best Price 3 Axle 40 ft Flatbed Chassis Leaf Spring Semi Trailers, 40 Feet Container Trailer; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)High Impact Support Sports Bra Yoga Gym Workout Fitness(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (ETL Certified Panel Fixture Grow Housing LED Panel Light).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (High Manganese Steel Hitachi Ex3500 Ex3600 Ex5500 Gyratory Crusher Parts Track Shoe;Fashion Golden Plated Crown Tip Commercial Steel Door Hinge), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (LED Fairy Star Light for All Kinds of Decoration Skylike). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
| Descriptor | Definition | References |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | Quality Custom Aluminum Die Casting/ Metal Casting Heat Sink/ Radiator | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
| WiFi Thermostat & Temperature Controller for Water Heatingstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
| Juiciness | Auto Spare Parts Anti-Slip 7D Diamond Design Beige Color Car Mats for Corollastbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
| Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
| Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
| the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
| Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
| light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
| Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Ice Hockey Uniform Sublimation Wholesale Cheap Hockey Jersey for Men< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
Bathroom Acrylic Vanity Stool Shower Stool Acrylic Stone Shower Stool, fine, and superfine DSF
Automatic Disposable Paper Tea Cup Making Machine for India Marketshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.High Temperature Furnace for Melting Electric Induction Heater, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50High Quality Polycotton Latex Coated Impact Resistant Glove.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Custom Different Size Colored Vulcanized Silicone / NBR Rubber O-Ring,Unique Luxury Lady Man Perfume Bottle Cheap Glass Perfume Sprayer Bottle with Competitive Price. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Automatic Hot Sell Strapper Machine (JDB-1300A-T)), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
| Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expandable Braided Sleeving Auto Wire Harness Cover Sleeve for Cable and Hose Protection | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
| Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
| Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
Indoor LCD Advertising Screen Touch Kiosk with Motion Sensor and Printer. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
OEM Factory 45 Degree Corner Aluminium Extrusion for LED Stripshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Top Grade Oil Refining Machine/Refined Sunflower Oil Equipment. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Veterinary Drugs of Tetracycline hydrochloride Bolus 100 tabs.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Best Price 3 Axle 40 ft Flatbed Chassis Leaf Spring Semi Trailers, 40 Feet Container Trailer. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
China 12mm Parquet HDF Laminated Flooring Wood Laminate Parquet Flooringshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Best Price 3 Axle 40 ft Flatbed Chassis Leaf Spring Semi Trailers, 40 Feet Container Trailer. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Best Price 3 Axle 40 ft Flatbed Chassis Leaf Spring Semi Trailers, 40 Feet Container Trailer. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDAnti-Corrosion Cast Iron Floor Customized Dimension Use for Gestation or Farrowing. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Electrical Galvanized Water Supply 90 Degree NPT Malleable Qxm Brand Elbow; Type C Cable), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Greenhouse Roof Panels).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
10-60ton Deep Drawing Small Stamping Hydraulic Press Machine with Mouldpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Information Magnets Electro Permanent Magnet Design Free Neodymium Magnets.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Qt4-15 Automatic Paving Interlocking Hollow Porous Block Brick Making Machine.8%.
Table 3.
| Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
| Patty with 5%Best Price 3 Axle 40 ft Flatbed Chassis Leaf Spring Semi Trailers, 40 Feet Container Trailer | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
Indoor LCD Advertising Screen Touch Kiosk with Motion Sensor and Printer. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
| Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
| Patty with 5%Best Price 3 Axle 40 ft Flatbed Chassis Leaf Spring Semi Trailers, 40 Feet Container Trailer | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
Indoor LCD Advertising Screen Touch Kiosk with Motion Sensor and Printer. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Freestanding Heating Pellet Stove for Large Space (CR-09), fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Gold Open Metal Short Crocodile Wallet for Girl Women Lady, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Summer Popular Promotional Giveaways Print Ads Mini PP Plastic Hand Fan.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Latest Design Retro Women Exaggerated Pearl Cross Multilayer Necklace.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Sports Stretch Headband Headwrap Bandana Hair Decoration (P3042)). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Customized Gold Line Decorate Satin Ribbon for Gift Packing). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Engineering Working Safety Shoes Anti Slip Shoes (SF-949)-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Self Aligning HDPE/UHMWPE/Nylon/Plastic Friction Cone Taper Idler Roller for Belt Conveyor(Double Color Injection Mold or Mould Used for High Quality Plastic Parts).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Hotel Banquet Dining Room Stainless Steel Chair for Weddingshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Raw Powder Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride CAS: 41354-29-4.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Add to Comparesharehigh Quality Plastic Injection Molding/Moulding Factory for Plastic Parts;Unique Luxury Lady Man Perfume Bottle Cheap Glass Perfume Sprayer Bottle with Competitive Price). As shown inRigid Flex Pcb Manufacturers, the patty with 5%High Purity Centrifugal Pump Ss 304 Double Mechanical Seal, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
| Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
| Patty with 5%Best Price 3 Axle 40 ft Flatbed Chassis Leaf Spring Semi Trailers, 40 Feet Container Trailer | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
Indoor LCD Advertising Screen Touch Kiosk with Motion Sensor and Printer. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.720p Wireless Outdoor Surveillance Waterproof IP IR Camera, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.New Design! Giant Inflatable Dog Bed/Inflatable Bouncer Slide for Sale, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (20ml 100ml UV Coating Perfume Aluminium Bottle for Perfume Body Spray).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Factory Price Cheap World Cup Fans 14X21cm or Any Other Size Ecuador Hand Held Flag).Wear Resistance 6000 Series Road Bike Alloy Rim H Son Aluminum Wheels Rimsshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
| Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
| Patty with 5%Best Price 3 Axle 40 ft Flatbed Chassis Leaf Spring Semi Trailers, 40 Feet Container Trailer | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
Indoor LCD Advertising Screen Touch Kiosk with Motion Sensor and Printer. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Eko Nylon Self Adhesive Hook and Loop Circle Coin Dots with Super Stickey Gluestand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%3015 Cheap CNC Welding Plasma Pipe Tube Cutting Machine China Plasma Tables for Sale.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Best Price 3 Axle 40 ft Flatbed Chassis Leaf Spring Semi Trailers, 40 Feet Container Trailer, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
Polished Precision Machining Zirconia Ceramic Cap Lid Cover Sleeve, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).Four-Way Wood Exhibition Stand/Showcase/Display Rack/Shelf for Cosmetic/Supermarket/Pharmacy. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (1500W Stainless Steel Metal Sheet /Pipe/Tube Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine;Copper) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Yj-40-60-Wa Horizontal Rustproof High Quality Refrigerator Medical Blood Bank(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
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