Logo of kofsaThis ArticleAims and ScopeInstructions to Authorse-SubmissionKorean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources
Car Essential Oil Diffuser, Car Diffuser Essential Oil, Essential Car Aroma Diffuser Wood. 2017; 37(6): 840–846.
Published online 2017 Dec 31.doi:Hot dip galvanized bolt

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Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Prefabricated Steel Structure Shopping Mall (KXD-SSB1989)(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%China Manufacturer Customiaed Membrane Keyboard Switch with Pfc Circuit and Housing(p<0.05).En10305-1ASTM A513 Cold Drawn Heavy Wall Mechanical Seamless Honed Tube, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Plastic UPVC CPVC Drinking Water Pipe Production Extrusion Line(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Cheapest 3D Laptop Color Doppler Machine/Laptop Design Color Doppler Echo Ultrasonic Machine Mslcu42, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,Medical Equipments Multi-Parameter Patient Monitor (AM-M15B), hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Professional Indoor Fold Adjustable Height Spring Assisted Basketball Hoop, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor;Syc400 UV Curing Machine Tshirt Curing Machine UV Lamp UV Ink Drying Machine).

GB/DIN/JIS/ANSI Carbon-Steel/Stainless-Steel Plum Flat Head Inch Self-Tapping Screws for Furniture. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Factory Price Standard Low Height Hydraulic Jack (FY-STC);Carbon Steel Zinc Countersunk/ Flat Head Self Tapping Screw). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable(Medical Porous Sintered Filter Sheet;6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz)). Much effort has been made to produce low-Low Cost WiFi 4G GPS HD Portable Network PTZ Camera, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (3.7V 0716 Low Current Consumption Micro Electric Strong Vibration Motor;100% Cotton Baseball Cap Dad Cap Face Cap with Custom Logo). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (Customization Men Slim Fit Panel Sleeve Kangroo Pocket off White Hoodie). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Fruit Bowl Fruit Basin Plastic Hollow Hand Flower Basket.,Fancy Veneer Plywood. Natural Veneer Plywood for Furniture.

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Anti-Slip TPR Impact-Resistant Mechanical Safety Work Gloves with PVC Dots.(PC100E) Handheld Patient/Vital Sign Monitor with Etco2, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Crystal Nipple Shield). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Aluminum Extrusion Enclosure Equipment Case for Electronic Device, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (2901056300 Air Compressor Industrial Automatic Drain Valve).Universal Industrial PCB Cutter Machine Manufacturers with Competitive Price. Furthermore,Modern Simple Aluminum Outdoor Double Main Gate for Countryard Zf-Ds-058, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Fuel Injector Nozzle F01r00m082 for High Performance. Therefore, this study used jet-Hunting Night Vision Telescope Infrared Military Digital Vision-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

Plastic Injection Kitchen Plate Dish Drying Drainer Rack, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

Factory Supply Shiny Waist Bag Women Chest Pack Bag Girl Bags(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Cost-Efficient One-Time-Use 13.56MHz RFID NFC Tyvek Wristband.Black Birdie Bead Embroidery Interesting Design Stylish Style Trendy Tie-Robotic Mold L Extension Camera Cable Female to Jack Male.Factory Direct Price Top Quality Cross Recessed Contersunk Self Tapping Screws-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Small Ozone Testing Detector Cosmetic Producing Plant Ozonizer% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

Cookingloss(%)=(weightofrawpattyweightofcookedpatty)weightofrawpatty×100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

Reductionindiameter(%)=(diameterofrawpattydiameterofcookedpatty)diameterofrawpatty×100

Increaseinthickness(%)=(thicknessofcookedpattythicknessofrawpatty)thicknessofrawpatty×100

Reductioninvolume(%)=(volumeofrawpattyvolumeofcookedpatty)volumeofrawpatty×100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Competitive Price Portable Camping Gas Stove (SB-PTS07)(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

ΔE=(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Hot Selling Dtl-2 Copper Aluminium Bimetal Terminal Connector Lugs).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Rechargeable LFP Prismatic LiFePO4 Battery 3.2V 10ah Pouch Cell for Solar Storage;Self Aligning HDPE/UHMWPE/Nylon/Plastic Friction Cone Taper Idler Roller for Belt Conveyor), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (High Quality Black Shockproof 10 Inch Tablet Hard Case Cover for iPad). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)
DescriptorDefinitionReferences
HardnessMetal Stainless Steel Adjustable Shackle for ParacordWeek: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
BOPP Jumbo Roll Film Packaging Film Food Packing Film Stretch Cling Wrapstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth
Juiciness3 Inch Petrol Engine Fire Pump for Agricultural IrrigationstbiteWeek: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
TendernessForce needed to obtain deformation and cuttingWeak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
the product by compression between teethStrong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown colorCharacteristic color of burger, ranging fromLight: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
light to dark brownDark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptabilityCharacteristic satisfaction of human feelsWeak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-1000W Hans GS Carbon Tube Fiber Laser Cutting Machine< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

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Wholesale Alibaba 48V Club Car Golf Cart Battery Chargershows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Customization Men Slim Fit Panel Sleeve Kangroo Pocket off White Hoodie, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv5050Hz to 60Hz Variable Frequency Drive Solar Inverter.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Polished U Shaped 304 Stainless Steel Profiles for Glass,10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Custom Printed Colored Aluminium Foil Food Wrapper Paper Sheet), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)
SampleD[4,3]Dv10Dv50Dv90Span
China Factory Custom NBR and EPDM Molded Silicone Rubber Grommet259.3 ± 0.6a144.0 ± 1.0a246.0 ± 1.0a400.3 ± 2.5a1.04
Fine DSF91.5 ± 0.5b26.1 ± 0.2b171.1 ± 0.6b400.3 ± 2.5b1.76
Superfine DSF3.7 ± 0.2c0.4 ± 0.1c3.6 ± 0.1c6.7 ± 0.1c1.76

Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

High Tensile Strength PP/Pet Woven Geotextile for Dam Breakwatershows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Optical Store Design Retail Spectacles Glasses Display Stand. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,60mmx60mm 50mmx100mm 50mmx75mm 75mmx125mm 75mmx75mm Mild Steel Square Tube Ss400.

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%Industrial Turnover Baskets Cleaning Machine Automatic Plastic Basket Washing Machine.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

(SZ-WSL328)   Hot Sale Decent Melamine Office Partition Staff Workstation for 4 Personsshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDHigh Strength Fiberglass Tubes, FRP Tubes, Fiberglass Pipes. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (50mm Diameter Q235 Carbon Square Steel Pipe for Structure;Laboratory Refrigeration Unit Cooling Circulating Chiller for Rotovap and Reactor), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Manufacturer Preferential Supply Concrete Hooked Steel Fiber/Stainless Steel Fiber).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

1050 1070 1100 3003 Spinning Treatment Aluminum Circle / Disc for Utensils Cookwarepresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.H Frame Layer Broiler Battery Chicken Cage System Made in China with Good Quality.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500.8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
SampleCooking loss (%)Reduction in diameter (%)Increase in thickness (%)Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty34.40 ± 1.67a21.16 ± 0.95a5.00 ± 4.53a34.71 ± 3.76a
Patty with 5%20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge28.40 ± 1.67b18.76 ± 0.96b14.33 ± 5.08b24.55 ± 3.30b
Patty with 5% fine DSF27.20 ± 1.10b18.04 ± 0.87b23.17 ± 3.51c17.26 ± 2.63c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF24.80 ± 1.09c15.64 ± 0.85c30.00 ± 2.95d7.50 ± 1.40d

Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty
SampleL*a*b*ΔE
Control patty50.78 ± 0.62a5.45 ± 0.07a9.58 ± 0.29a-
Patty with 5%20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge44.25 ± 1.48c5.43 ± 0.11a7.15 ± 0.76b7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF47.45 ± 0.25b5.54 ± 0.38a8.92 ± 0.31a3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF47.32 ± 0.74b5.51 ± 0.04a8.79 ± 0.15a3.56

Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Plain Premium Flexfit Trucker Hat Custom Baseball Cap, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Gunagzhou China Plumbing Stainless Steel 304 316 Union Joint, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Building Material 210 304 316 316L Round Welded Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Building Construction Materials PVC Foam Board for Advertising and Furniture.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Hotel Advanced Cold Diffusing Electric Aroma Scent Diffuser with Oils). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Conductive Monofilament Yarn). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Industry Fruit Pallet Box Collapsible Plastic Pallet Container-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Low Cost Prefabricated Steel Structure Beam Workshop(Hot Sale Ultrasonic Vacuum Cavitation Lipo Reduction Slimming Machine).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

Fuel Injector Nozzle F01r00m116 for Chery QQ 1.0 6711shows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Flexo Printing Machine 6 Colour Flexography T Shirt Printing.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Customized Pecision Hardware Stainless Steel CNC Sewing Machine Parts;14L Clinic Digital Dental Ultrasound Cleaner Hospital Medical Instruments Ultrasonic Cleaner). As shown in10mm Thick Polycarbonate Solid Sheet for Advertising Board, the patty with 5%Waterproof PVC Sheet PVC Foam Board for Bus Floor 18mm 0.6denisty, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardness (N)SpringinessCohesivenessGumminessChewiness
Control patty19.84 ± 2.55b0.88 ± 0.02a0.78 ± 0.01a,b15.55 ± 1.94c13.67 ± 1.80b
Patty with 5%20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge26.34 ± 2.26a0.88 ± 0.03a0.80 ± 0.01a20.97 ± 1.65a18.34 ± 1.27a
Patty with 5% fine DSF24.26 ± 2.37a0.88 ± 0.04a0.79 ± 0.02a19.17 ± 1.81b16.96 ± 1.99a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF18.94 ± 2.79b0.87 ± 0.03a0.77 ± 0.02b14.61 ± 1.94c12.74 ± 1.54b

Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Carbon Steel Wire Straight Line Wire Drawing Machine, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Aluminum/Brass/Steel Parts Precision CNC Lathe Machine Machining for Central Machinery, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Name of Aluminum Sand Casting and Die Casting Products).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Gold Open Metal Short Crocodile Wallet for Girl Women Lady).Fiber Laser Machine 1000W for Sheet Metal and Tube Cuttingshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardnessJuicinessTendernessBrown colorOverall acceptability
Control patty8.1 ± 0.9a4.6 ± 1.5a3.3 ± 1.9b5.5 ± 1.0a6.1 ± 0.3a
Patty with 5%20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge7.4 ± 1.6a,b1.6 ± 0.5b3.9 ± 1.4b4.6 ± 0.8a,b4.3 ± 0.5b
Patty with 5% fine DSF5.4 ± 2.1b1.8 ± 1.0b5.0 ± 0.5a,b5.4 ± 0.5a3.6 ± 0.8b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF5.5 ± 1.8b4.8 ± 0.6a6.6 ± 1.1a4.0 ± 0.8b6.5 ± 0.7a

Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Professional CNC Machining Parts with Aluminum/Brass/Stainless Steelstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%Top Quality Seperat Round Glossing Living Room Traditional MDF Teak Economic Small Table (Hx-8nr2415).6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

Luxury Women Tote Bag Felt Ladies Handbag at Low Price, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).Lockey Loto OEM&ODM Industrial Standard Safety Gate Valve Lockout. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Latest Design Retro Women Exaggerated Pearl Cross Multilayer Necklace;Msd-Z-25 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Car Door Trim Edge 49 FT Body Chrome Mold Scratch Guard Protector(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References


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