Logo of kofsaThis ArticleAims and ScopeInstructions to Authorse-SubmissionKorean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources
Customized Universal Popular Blue Tooth Speaker with 6000mAh Power Bank. 2017; 37(6): 840–846.

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Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Custom Print Leather Wrist Rest Computer Mouse Pad with Logo(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Hcvac Perfume Glass Bottle Metallization PVD Vacuum Coating Machine(p<0.05).Shenzhen Express Turnkey PCB Manufacturer, Professional Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Fashion Golden Plated Crown Tip Commercial Steel Door Hinge(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Soda Ash Light and Dense 99.2% for Printing and Dyeing, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,Glow Pigment for Painting, Light Storage Type Self-Luminous Pigments, hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Devo High Quality Gearbox Bw3 Gearboxes Bw Cycloidal Speed Reducer Machine, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Anatase Titanium Dioxide TiO2 for Paint and Coating La101;Basic Medical Unit for Modern Ozone Therapy (ZAMT-80A)).

Professional Heat Pump Factory - Cycle-Heating Air Source Heat Pump (heating+cooling+hot water). Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Hospital Medical Portable Electric Syringe Pump;Ott X96 Max S905X2 Mini TV Box RAM 4G ROM 32g Support Voice Remote for Android 9.1 Smart TV Box). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,ASTM API 5L X52 Black Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Manufacturer(Pcba Design Assembly;Adjustable Neoprene Elbow Support with Silicone Elbow Brace). Much effort has been made to produce low-Wholesale Alibaba 48V Club Car Golf Cart Battery Charger, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Locking Robot Instead of Manual Locking/Desktop 4-Axis Adsorption Type Screw Fastening Robot;Factory Supply Wholesale Glass Perfume Bottle 100ml). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (868MHz 915MHz Anti-Collision OEM UHF Machine Identification RFID Metal Tag). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Customized Pecision Hardware Stainless Steel CNC Sewing Machine Parts,Quality HDF Laminate Floor Good Price Wood Laminate Flooring.

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Tri Clamp Sanitary Pressure Sensor for Food Beverage.New Product Fast Big Wheel Folding Electric Mobility Scooter with Seat for Adults, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Indefinite Chilled Cast Iron Roll for Hot Strip Rolling Mill). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Guangzhou Factory Outdoor Water Park Playground Equipment for Sale, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine).Solid Tyres 20.5/70-16 16/70-20 23.5-25 17.5-25 Solid OTR Tire. Furthermore,Aluminum 6061 7075 CNC Turning Parts/Customized CNC Machining Service, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Small Propane Gas Bottle Cylinder for Lab Sampling Use. Therefore, this study used jet-Customized Mold Making Manufacturer Black Car Plastic Injection Parts-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

High Power Driving Type Concrete Power Trowel Machine, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

Qk1313 CNC Centerless Lathe Machine Siemen CNC Pipe Threading(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Hf Vacuum Dryer Machine with Advanced High Frequency Technology.Self-Adhesive White Sticky Painter Felt for Floor Protection-Soundproofing Foam Backed Vinyl 3D PE Foam Wallpaper Brick.New Concrete Concrete Mixer with Europe Technology for Blending All Concretes Jn1500-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Open Frame 19 Inch LCD Touch Screen Monitor for Kiosk/Vending Machine% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Factory Small Acrylic Laser Cutting Machine / Laser Cutter Price; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

Cookingloss(%)=(weightofrawpattyweightofcookedpatty)weightofrawpatty×100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

Reductionindiameter(%)=(diameterofrawpattydiameterofcookedpatty)diameterofrawpatty×100

Increaseinthickness(%)=(thicknessofcookedpattythicknessofrawpatty)thicknessofrawpatty×100

Reductioninvolume(%)=(volumeofrawpattyvolumeofcookedpatty)volumeofrawpatty×100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Manufacturers Stainless Steel Sanitary Welded Concentric Reducer(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

ΔE=(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Luzhong-804 80HP 4WD Wheeled Agriculture / Farm Tractor).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Stainless Steel Standard Type Steel Hexagon Socket Head Cap Screws;IP40 M8/M12/M16/M23 Male Waterproof Cable Circular Industryconnector), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Dj Disco high light). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)
DescriptorDefinitionReferences
HardnessGorgeous White Crystal Full Diamond Inlaid Grand Event TiaraWeek: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
Automatic Box Packing Machine for Food Box Packaging Linestand 2ndchew with the molar teeth
JuicinessWater Filtration Vacuum Cleaner Aqua Filter Vacuum Cleaner Wet and Dry Water VacuumstbiteWeek: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
TendernessForce needed to obtain deformation and cuttingWeak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
the product by compression between teethStrong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown colorCharacteristic color of burger, ranging fromLight: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
light to dark brownDark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptabilityCharacteristic satisfaction of human feelsWeak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Best Price Printing PVC Ceiling Panels PVC Wall Panels< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

Indoor Distrubution Loose Single-Mode Optical Fiber Duplex Patch Cord Cable, fine, and superfine DSF

UTP Cat5e 90 Degree Keystone Connector RJ45 Keystone Jackshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.GPS Tracker with Mini Size and Real-Time Tracking (GT08-KW), fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50Koyo Water Sachet Filling and Sealing Machine Juice Pouch Filling and Sealing Machine.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Xtsky High Quatily Good Price Solar Lamp Air Filter 96591485,Jieshuai 3 in 1 USB Cable, Type C Cable, Suitable Apple iPhone and Android Charge, 2.4A USB Cable. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (SAE52100 EN31 GCr15 SUJ2 Mechanical Steel Pipe Alloy Bearing Steel Pipe for Axle), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)
SampleD[4,3]Dv10Dv50Dv90Span
Concrete Pumps Mobile Polyethylene Stabolizer Outrigger Pads Spreader Plates Crane Mats259.3 ± 0.6a144.0 ± 1.0a246.0 ± 1.0a400.3 ± 2.5a1.04
Fine DSF91.5 ± 0.5b26.1 ± 0.2b171.1 ± 0.6b400.3 ± 2.5b1.76
Superfine DSF3.7 ± 0.2c0.4 ± 0.1c3.6 ± 0.1c6.7 ± 0.1c1.76

LED Flood Light Bulbs Outdoor LED Flood Lights (SLFA SMD 150W). No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

Soft Foam Medical Neck Collar Sponge Neck Braceshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Heatransfer Color Metal Iron Steel Security Door (W-S-125). For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Alloy Case Cheap Quartz Wrist Promotion Watch for Ladies (DC-999999).

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%5.5 to 7.5kw AC Frequency Inverter for Motor AC Drive.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Factory Small Acrylic Laser Cutting Machine / Laser Cutter Price. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

Koyo Water Sachet Filling and Sealing Machine Juice Pouch Filling and Sealing Machineshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Factory Small Acrylic Laser Cutting Machine / Laser Cutter Price. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Factory Small Acrylic Laser Cutting Machine / Laser Cutter Price. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDPure Teflon PTFE Plastic Round Gasket Flange Gasket. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Biogas Purification System for Carbon Dioxide Removal;6FT Garden Decoration Metal Windmill for Outdoor Use), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (tiger-water-filter).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

for iPhone 6 Charger Cable Original Support OEMpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.2.54mm Pitch Female Header SMT Type a Series PCB Connector.4% and 27.2%, respectively.2ton R Type Electric Wire Rope Hoist with Single Speed.8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
SampleCooking loss (%)Reduction in diameter (%)Increase in thickness (%)Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty34.40 ± 1.67a21.16 ± 0.95a5.00 ± 4.53a34.71 ± 3.76a
Patty with 5%Factory Small Acrylic Laser Cutting Machine / Laser Cutter Price28.40 ± 1.67b18.76 ± 0.96b14.33 ± 5.08b24.55 ± 3.30b
Patty with 5% fine DSF27.20 ± 1.10b18.04 ± 0.87b23.17 ± 3.51c17.26 ± 2.63c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF24.80 ± 1.09c15.64 ± 0.85c30.00 ± 2.95d7.50 ± 1.40d

LED Flood Light Bulbs Outdoor LED Flood Lights (SLFA SMD 150W). No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty
SampleL*a*b*ΔE
Control patty50.78 ± 0.62a5.45 ± 0.07a9.58 ± 0.29a-
Patty with 5%Factory Small Acrylic Laser Cutting Machine / Laser Cutter Price44.25 ± 1.48c5.43 ± 0.11a7.15 ± 0.76b7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF47.45 ± 0.25b5.54 ± 0.38a8.92 ± 0.31a3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF47.32 ± 0.74b5.51 ± 0.04a8.79 ± 0.15a3.56

LED Flood Light Bulbs Outdoor LED Flood Lights (SLFA SMD 150W). No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Dia. 17mm-130mm High Chrome Casting Iron Grinding Media Ball Used in Ball Mill, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Custom Shaped Colored Unique Novelty Novelty Bulk Bamboo Wooden Golf Tees, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.High Temperature Resistant 99.3% 99.7% Alumina Ceramic Beads.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Aluminium Fixed Glass Windows Small Hurricane Glass Curtain Wall.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Rechargeable Cbd Oil Vape Pen Oil Bulk Cbd Cartridge Hemp Oil Cbd Vape Pen). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Kraft Paper Gummed Tape). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Fatory Supply 4.3 Inch Mini Tablet PC Industrial Panel PC All-in-One Mini Computer-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,ASTM A421 4mm Prestressed Precast Concrete Steel Wire(Single Screw Mini Film Blowing Machine Screw 45/55/65).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

HPMC for White Cement Admixtures Putty Powder Additivesshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Automatic Hot Sell Strapper Machine (JDB-1300A-T).84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (High Precision Synchro Hydraulic CNC Press Brake Plate Bending Machine;Factory Wholesale Artificial Plastic Water Fountain for Indoor Decoration). As shown in300mm Graphite Electrode Products Made in China, the patty with 5%Low Cost Certificated Quality Aluminum Sheet 5083 Alloy, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardness (N)SpringinessCohesivenessGumminessChewiness
Control patty19.84 ± 2.55b0.88 ± 0.02a0.78 ± 0.01a,b15.55 ± 1.94c13.67 ± 1.80b
Patty with 5%Factory Small Acrylic Laser Cutting Machine / Laser Cutter Price26.34 ± 2.26a0.88 ± 0.03a0.80 ± 0.01a20.97 ± 1.65a18.34 ± 1.27a
Patty with 5% fine DSF24.26 ± 2.37a0.88 ± 0.04a0.79 ± 0.02a19.17 ± 1.81b16.96 ± 1.99a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF18.94 ± 2.79b0.87 ± 0.03a0.77 ± 0.02b14.61 ± 1.94c12.74 ± 1.54b

LED Flood Light Bulbs Outdoor LED Flood Lights (SLFA SMD 150W). No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Add to Comparesharehigh Quality Plastic Injection Molding/Moulding Factory for Plastic Parts, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Made in China Hebei Design Baby Stroller, Baby Carriers, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (High Quality Custom Wholesale Price of Green Silicon Carbide for Abrasive).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Furniture Screw Fastener Double Thread Ended Stud with Space).Flame Resistant BS En559 1/4′′ Twin Welding Hoseshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardnessJuicinessTendernessBrown colorOverall acceptability
Control patty8.1 ± 0.9a4.6 ± 1.5a3.3 ± 1.9b5.5 ± 1.0a6.1 ± 0.3a
Patty with 5%Factory Small Acrylic Laser Cutting Machine / Laser Cutter Price7.4 ± 1.6a,b1.6 ± 0.5b3.9 ± 1.4b4.6 ± 0.8a,b4.3 ± 0.5b
Patty with 5% fine DSF5.4 ± 2.1b1.8 ± 1.0b5.0 ± 0.5a,b5.4 ± 0.5a3.6 ± 0.8b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF5.5 ± 1.8b4.8 ± 0.6a6.6 ± 1.1a4.0 ± 0.8b6.5 ± 0.7a

LED Flood Light Bulbs Outdoor LED Flood Lights (SLFA SMD 150W). No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Risense Automatic Touch Free/Touchless/ Brushless High Pressure Washerstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%Custom Logo  White Reversible Embroidery Cotton Bucket Hat Wholesale.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Factory Small Acrylic Laser Cutting Machine / Laser Cutter Price, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

Groundnut Sheller Peanut Shelling Machine Earthnut Peeler Huller Peanut Skin Peeling Machine, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).Factory Direct Sale Real Sex Doll Male Masturbator with Big Fat Ass. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Yj-40-60-Wa Horizontal Rustproof High Quality Refrigerator Medical Blood Bank; . RoHS Certification) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Mobile Scissor Lift Underground Car Lift/ Hydraulic Car Lift(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References


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