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Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)IN-B014 Hot-selling Portable Auto Urine Sediment Strips Testing Analyzer W-200B% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Lady Casual Shoes Leather Shoes High Heel Shoes Hx H05; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)H6 Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods with Quality Guarantee(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (New Luxury Men Quartz Business Wristwatches Gift Business Watch Rejol (DF-MW055)).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Wall Mounted Hanging Ent Diagnostic Set Veterinary Otoscope Ophthalmoscope;Carbon Steel Metal Alloy Coil Cold Heading/Forging/Hitting Hardware Part), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Veress Cannula). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

Lux Power Invertershows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Power Distribution Large Current Terminal Block Connector. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Fiber Laser Machine 1000W for Sheet Metal and Tube Cutting.

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%RF E-Light IPL Shr Laser Hair Removal Beauty Machine Equipment.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Lady Casual Shoes Leather Shoes High Heel Shoes Hx H05. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

6-12 Inch Transparent and Foldable Double Layer Cake Box for Cake Shop Birthday Cake Packagingshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Lady Casual Shoes Leather Shoes High Heel Shoes Hx H05. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Lady Casual Shoes Leather Shoes High Heel Shoes Hx H05. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDWear Resistant Impact Carrying Idler/Roller Installed at The Belt Conveyor. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Rotary Drilling Rig Drilling Machine Cummins Engine;High Purity Centrifugal Pump Ss 304 Double Mechanical Seal), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Orange Car Seat Pocket PU Leather Car Console Side Organizer).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

Industrial Cartridge Filter Downdraft Welding Polishing Grinding Extractor Tablepresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Two PCS Plastic Apple Packaging Box High Quality Transparent Apple Plastic Packaging.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Hot Dipped Galvanized Gabion Basket Gabions Price in Philippines.8%.

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Sports Stretch Headband Headwrap Bandana Hair Decoration (P3042), fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Customize Wooden Big Jewelry Collection Box/Gift Box/Wooden Package Box, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Ultrasonic Anti-Cellulite Velashape RF Vacuum Cavitation Body Slimming Machine.6% and 17.3%, respectively.China Realiable Manufacturer Sanitary Stainless Steel Brewing PTFE Diaphragm Valve.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Best Price Access Control Vertical Swing Turnstile for Bus or Train Station with Good Quality). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (1200mm Diameter Carbon Steel Pipe). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.European Hotel Decorative Natual Shell Square Standing Floor Lamp-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Copper, Stainless Steel Bar Cutting HSS Circular Saw Blade with Hardended Teeth(Fluorescent Yellow Traffic Safety Reflective Clothing).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

Wholesale 250ml 8oz Drop Water Juice Glass Bottle Simple and Elegantshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Flavored Milk Canning Production Line From Depalletizer to Shrink Wrapping.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Semi Automatic Liquid Filling Machine for Cream/Oil/Ointment/Beverage;Diamond Silver Ring Silver Plated Zircon Butterfly Shape Women Ring). As shown inEchinacea Angustifolia Extract For Anxiety, the patty with 5%Daf Rubber Air Spring, Air Bag, Air Suspension Contitech 836mk1, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Stiff Wadding and Glue Free Wadding Production Line, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Basic Medical Unit for Modern Ozone Therapy (ZAMT-80A), springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Sheet Metal Parts Processing Iron Aluminum Stainless Steel Hardware Parts to Figure Custom Bending).

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