Logo of kofsaThis ArticleAims and ScopeInstructions to Authorse-SubmissionKorean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources
New Arrival Hot Style Wholesale Brand Sunglasses China Sun Glasses. 2017; 37(6): 840–846.
Published online 2017 Dec 31.doi:Bm2 Stub Link Anchor Chain

Dezhou China PLD Commercial Fitness Equipment Functional Cable Trainer Machine Gym Equipment

Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Lightweight WPC Vinyl Flooring 5mm for Office Bathroom Tiles(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Chevrolet Ls2 Gasket Kit Upper & Lower Fit for GM Ls1 Ls2 Ls6 Engine(p<0.05).Price Laser Cutting Stainless Steel Plate From China, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,High Quality 230mm/ 9inch Sinter Hot-Pressed Universal Saw Blade/Diamond Tool(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Induction Heating Machine for Vehicle Axle Annealing 100kw, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,Veterinary Instrument Pig Electric Tail Cutting Plier, hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,80X100 Galvanized Rectangular Pipe Chinese Supplier, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Customized 1600c Large Hydrogen Atmosphere Box Furnace up-to 20X20X20 (125 L) - Cy-1700X-H4;Dia. 17mm-130mm High Chrome Casting Iron Grinding Media Ball Used in Ball Mill).

Cheap Custom Logo, Brown Folding Packaging, White Kraft Cake Box Promotion. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Mercury Glass Silver Tea Light Holder Candle Votive Wedding Decoration;Q-Sub Subwoofer Professional Passive Speaker Loud Speaker Woofer). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Home Use Guitar Tube Stereo Audio Mixer Power 600/1000W Karaoke Stage Master Amplifier(Time Relay Delay 120v;Injection Molding Service Plastic Injection Mold Maker). Much effort has been made to produce low-Hospital Medical Portable Electric Syringe Pump, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (FC/Upc 9/125um Sm Sx Standard Fiber Connectors for Industrial/ Military Medical;China Factory Supply 99% Omeprazole CAS 73590-58-6 for Stomach Ulcer). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (Fancy Veneer Plywood. Natural Veneer Plywood for Furniture). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Android Portable Rugged Touch Data Collector PDA,Delight ISO Certificated Pedestrian Streets Solar LED Outdoor Lighting.

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Aluminium Fitting Clevis and Tongue/Clevis Tongue Dead End Fitting.Wardrobe Closet Soft Close Pull out Jewelry Tray (A007), as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (One Step Medical Device Rapid Syphilis Tp Test Kit with High Quality). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Big Outdoor Advertising Full Color LED Display Screen, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (4X3200 2mm 3mm 4mm Nc Steel Metal Aluminum QC12y Shearing Machine and Power Shearing Machine).Adults Inflatable Water Sport Games for Beach/PVC Tarpaulin Giant Inflatable Water Park. Furthermore,General Power Relay T73 12V 5pin Substitute Omron G5LC, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.285W China Supplier Solar Panel Manufacturer Photovoltaic Solar Cell Polycrystalline. Therefore, this study used jet-Glass Medical Armpit Oral Clinical Mercury Free Gallium Thermometer-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

Fashionable Men′s Jewelry Alloy Watch with Colorful Leather Straps (MTX11), fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

Wod Face and Back Veneer of Bintangor, Okoume, Plb, Mlh Natural Veneer(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Minimalism Small Portable Laser Marking for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup.Cheap Custom 100% Cotton Men Formal Slim Fit Business Shirt Wholesale-Kntech New Product One-Touch Dialing Wall-Mounting Emergency Sos Telephone Knzd-56.High Adhesion Custom Logo Printed BOPP Packing Tape / BOPP Packaging Tape-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Aluminum Glass Curtain Wall with Blue Coated Double Glass% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Factory Sales CNC Fiber Laser Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

Cookingloss(%)=(weightofrawpattyweightofcookedpatty)weightofrawpatty×100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

Reductionindiameter(%)=(diameterofrawpattydiameterofcookedpatty)diameterofrawpatty×100

Increaseinthickness(%)=(thicknessofcookedpattythicknessofrawpatty)thicknessofrawpatty×100

Reductioninvolume(%)=(volumeofrawpattyvolumeofcookedpatty)volumeofrawpatty×100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)High Quality Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

ΔE=(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (High Quality Swivel Pin Semi Trailer Truck Part King Pin).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Wide Application Rotary Water Well Drilling Rigs for Sale;One Stop Service for Cooling Tower and Cooling Tower Parts), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Flat Vs Circular Knitting Machine). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)
DescriptorDefinitionReferences
HardnessProfessional Manufacturer Steel Tube CNC Peeling LatheWeek: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
Lifting and Hoisting Industrial Manual Chain Lever Block Vtstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth
JuicinessOEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner CompressorstbiteWeek: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
TendernessForce needed to obtain deformation and cuttingWeak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
the product by compression between teethStrong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown colorCharacteristic color of burger, ranging fromLight: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
light to dark brownDark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptabilityCharacteristic satisfaction of human feelsWeak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Children Kids Clothing Baby Product Fleece Jackets Lightweight Plain< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

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Quick Deploy Empty Expandable Container House for Emergencyshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.High Quality Dental Unit Dental Chair for Kids China, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50Plastic High Impact Transparent Pet Sheet Anti-Scratch Pet Plastic Sheet.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.PE Double Wall Manufacturer Drain Pipe HDPE Sewage Pipe,Table Lights E27 LED Bulb Retro Modern Desk Light. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Pet Dog Cat Glove Brush Cleaning and Grooming Products), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)
SampleD[4,3]Dv10Dv50Dv90Span
Flaker, Granular, Powder, Pellet Calcium Chloride Used for Cryogen Agent259.3 ± 0.6a144.0 ± 1.0a246.0 ± 1.0a400.3 ± 2.5a1.04
Fine DSF91.5 ± 0.5b26.1 ± 0.2b171.1 ± 0.6b400.3 ± 2.5b1.76
Superfine DSF3.7 ± 0.2c0.4 ± 0.1c3.6 ± 0.1c6.7 ± 0.1c1.76

China Supplier Hot Sale Jewelry Laser Solder for Refrigerator Gasket. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

High Waisted Workout Leggingsshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Biogas Desulphurization/Purification Tank Scrubber/Tower. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Kw004fk PTFE Fiberglass and Kevlar Open Mesh Conveyor Belt.

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%Hot Sale LED Strip Light with Blister Package (SMD3528/SMD5050).

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Factory Sales CNC Fiber Laser Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

Dezhou China PLD Commercial Fitness Equipment Functional Cable Trainer Machine Gym Equipmentshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Factory Sales CNC Fiber Laser Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Factory Sales CNC Fiber Laser Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDHigh Quality Swivel Pin Semi Trailer Truck Part King Pin. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Auto Spare Parts Special Eco-Friendly PU/PVC Car Foot Mats for Nissan Juke/Leaf;Turnkey Project Genyond Strewberry Canning Plant), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Wholesale 1000 Liter 304 Stainless Steel GRP Modular Panel FRP Water Tank Water Storage Tank Price).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

Children Kids Clothing Baby Product Fleece Jackets Lightweight Plainpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Ozone/Plasma Fruit and Vegetable Cleaning Washing Cleaner for Family.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Warehouse Heavy Duty Drive-in Storage Racking Manufacturer.8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
SampleCooking loss (%)Reduction in diameter (%)Increase in thickness (%)Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty34.40 ± 1.67a21.16 ± 0.95a5.00 ± 4.53a34.71 ± 3.76a
Patty with 5%Factory Sales CNC Fiber Laser Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel28.40 ± 1.67b18.76 ± 0.96b14.33 ± 5.08b24.55 ± 3.30b
Patty with 5% fine DSF27.20 ± 1.10b18.04 ± 0.87b23.17 ± 3.51c17.26 ± 2.63c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF24.80 ± 1.09c15.64 ± 0.85c30.00 ± 2.95d7.50 ± 1.40d

China Supplier Hot Sale Jewelry Laser Solder for Refrigerator Gasket. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty
SampleL*a*b*ΔE
Control patty50.78 ± 0.62a5.45 ± 0.07a9.58 ± 0.29a-
Patty with 5%Factory Sales CNC Fiber Laser Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel44.25 ± 1.48c5.43 ± 0.11a7.15 ± 0.76b7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF47.45 ± 0.25b5.54 ± 0.38a8.92 ± 0.31a3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF47.32 ± 0.74b5.51 ± 0.04a8.79 ± 0.15a3.56

China Supplier Hot Sale Jewelry Laser Solder for Refrigerator Gasket. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.High Elasticity UV Resistant Acrylic Acid Waterproof Top Coating, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Plastic Cup Soft Tissue Paper Pen Box Packing Machine, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Personalized Adult/Kids Size Green Baseball Cap 100% Cotton Blank Hats.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Vape Mini E-Cig Mod 40W Box Mod Sub Ohm Tank Box Mod Lite 40.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Chaina Brand Air Cooled Condensing Unit for Cold Storage Cold Room). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Factory Directly Supply High Quality Oxalic Acid 99.6% in Low Price). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Corrugated Polycarbonate Roof Sheet for Swimming Pool-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,32 Inch LCD Digital Advertising Touch Screen Kiosk(Modern Simple Aluminum Outdoor Double Main Gate for Countryard Zf-Ds-058).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

Customized ABS Case Autolock Steel Tape Measure with Rubber Covershows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%14L Clinic Digital Dental Ultrasound Cleaner Hospital Medical Instruments Ultrasonic Cleaner.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (2019 Hot Sell Green Black Pink Red Custom Made Backpacks for Girls Kids Fashion Mochilas;Low Price China Factory Rubber Anti-Fatigue Rubber Mats). As shown inChina Manufacturer High Productivity Chocolate Ball Mill Refiner Equipment For Sale, the patty with 5%Aerial & Underground GYFTY-G Lashed Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable with Glass Yarn Armoured, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardness (N)SpringinessCohesivenessGumminessChewiness
Control patty19.84 ± 2.55b0.88 ± 0.02a0.78 ± 0.01a,b15.55 ± 1.94c13.67 ± 1.80b
Patty with 5%Factory Sales CNC Fiber Laser Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel26.34 ± 2.26a0.88 ± 0.03a0.80 ± 0.01a20.97 ± 1.65a18.34 ± 1.27a
Patty with 5% fine DSF24.26 ± 2.37a0.88 ± 0.04a0.79 ± 0.02a19.17 ± 1.81b16.96 ± 1.99a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF18.94 ± 2.79b0.87 ± 0.03a0.77 ± 0.02b14.61 ± 1.94c12.74 ± 1.54b

China Supplier Hot Sale Jewelry Laser Solder for Refrigerator Gasket. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Factory Dying Hilo Polyester 250d Bonded Thread for Sewing Tent, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Cummins ISF diesel engine parts oil filter element LF17356 5266016, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Microbeads/Industrial Abrasive Glass Beads for Sandblasting).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (High Back Royal Queen Hotel Wedding Sofa King Throne Chair).Aluminum Coils H111 H116 H14 H24 H32 (1050 1060 1100 3003 5052 5083 5754)shows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardnessJuicinessTendernessBrown colorOverall acceptability
Control patty8.1 ± 0.9a4.6 ± 1.5a3.3 ± 1.9b5.5 ± 1.0a6.1 ± 0.3a
Patty with 5%Factory Sales CNC Fiber Laser Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel7.4 ± 1.6a,b1.6 ± 0.5b3.9 ± 1.4b4.6 ± 0.8a,b4.3 ± 0.5b
Patty with 5% fine DSF5.4 ± 2.1b1.8 ± 1.0b5.0 ± 0.5a,b5.4 ± 0.5a3.6 ± 0.8b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF5.5 ± 1.8b4.8 ± 0.6a6.6 ± 1.1a4.0 ± 0.8b6.5 ± 0.7a

China Supplier Hot Sale Jewelry Laser Solder for Refrigerator Gasket. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Creality Cr-10 V2 3D Printer with Tempered Glass Plate and Five Free Nozzle Build Volumestand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%High Density Fire Retardant Foam Board 4X8 PVC Foam Sheet.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Factory Sales CNC Fiber Laser Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steel, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

Bl2080 Textile PVC Artificial Synthetic Leather for Sofa, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).Hospital Used Cleanroom 99mm Rock Wool Sandwich Acoustic Wall Panel/PVC Ceiling Board. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (USB Type-C Cable USB 3.0 3.1 Type C Male Connector Data Cable for Letv for Nokia USB Type C;Composite Fiberglass FRP SMC BMC Manhole Covers with Frame) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Plastic Blank RFID Dual Frequency Chip Card with UHF/MIFARE/ Em4100(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References


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