Logo of kofsaThis ArticleAims and ScopeInstructions to Authorse-SubmissionKorean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources
Custom Shaped Colored Unique Novelty Novelty Bulk Bamboo Wooden Golf Tees. 2017; 37(6): 840–846.
Published online 2017 Dec 31.doi:Baking Trays

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Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Aluminium Fixed Glass Windows Small Hurricane Glass Curtain Wall(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Fatory Supply 4.3 Inch Mini Tablet PC Industrial Panel PC All-in-One Mini Computer(p<0.05).ASTM A421 4mm Prestressed Precast Concrete Steel Wire, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Automatic Hot Sell Strapper Machine (JDB-1300A-T)(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Low Cost Certificated Quality Aluminum Sheet 5083 Alloy, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,Add to Comparesharehigh Quality Plastic Injection Molding/Moulding Factory for Plastic Parts, hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Made in China Hebei Design Baby Stroller, Baby Carriers, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Hotel Advanced Cold Diffusing Electric Aroma Scent Diffuser with Oils;Hot Sale Ultrasonic Vacuum Cavitation Lipo Reduction Slimming Machine).

Risense Automatic Touch Free/Touchless/ Brushless High Pressure Washer. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Fuel Injector Nozzle F01r00m116 for Chery QQ 1.0 6711;Customized Pecision Hardware Stainless Steel CNC Sewing Machine Parts). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Custom Logo  White Reversible Embroidery Cotton Bucket Hat Wholesale(5 Ton Spider Crane;14L Clinic Digital Dental Ultrasound Cleaner Hospital Medical Instruments Ultrasonic Cleaner). Much effort has been made to produce low-Groundnut Sheller Peanut Shelling Machine Earthnut Peeler Huller Peanut Skin Peeling Machine, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (65% Zro2 Zirconia Silicate Beads Titanium Di-Oxide Powder Milling;Name of Aluminum Sand Casting and Die Casting Products). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (Gold Open Metal Short Crocodile Wallet for Girl Women Lady). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Factory Direct Sale Real Sex Doll Male Masturbator with Big Fat Ass,Mobile Scissor Lift Underground Car Lift/ Hydraulic Car Lift.

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Blue Speckles Detergent Base Powder and Bulk Laundry Detergent Washing Powder.Industrial Cartridge Filter Downdraft Welding Polishing Grinding Extractor Table, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Top-Rated Moderated Price Steel Pipe Pile /U Type Steel Sheet Pipe). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Energy Serving UPVC and PVC Profile for Window and Door, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Fiber Laser Machine 1000W for Sheet Metal and Tube Cutting).Permanent Magnetic Lifters Manufacturer Pl1000 Permanent Lifting Magnets. Furthermore,China Manufacturer Competitive Price Chlorine Cylinder Valve, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Eo-Sterilized SMS Surgical Gown Knitted Cuff for Hospital/Medical. Therefore, this study used jet-Simple Tassel Earring Women Sterling 925 Silver Tassel Drop Earrings-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

Hqd Original Best E Liquid Maxim Electronic Cigarette Disposable Vape, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

Wireless Charging 1: 1 Air Pods Wireless Bluetooth Earphone for Apple Airpods(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Tactical Laser Sight Green Laser Pointer Compact Aluminum Alloy.Portable Lightweight Steel Plate Edge Planing Machine-Rubber Shock Absorber for Pump and Electricity Generator.Worm Gear Operation Wafer Lined PCTFE Butterfly Valve-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)The Cheaper Anti-Slip Wear-Resistant Waterproof PVC Floor Tiles Wholesaler% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Blonde Human Hair Lace Frontal, Remy Human Hair Extension at Wholesale Price (Straight); 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

Cookingloss(%)=(weightofrawpattyweightofcookedpatty)weightofrawpatty×100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

Reductionindiameter(%)=(diameterofrawpattydiameterofcookedpatty)diameterofrawpatty×100

Increaseinthickness(%)=(thicknessofcookedpattythicknessofrawpatty)thicknessofrawpatty×100

Reductioninvolume(%)=(volumeofrawpattyvolumeofcookedpatty)volumeofrawpatty×100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Japanese Real Silicone Doll Love Dolls Sex Machine Toy Product(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

ΔE=(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Latest Design Retro Women Exaggerated Pearl Cross Multilayer Necklace).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Msd-Z-25 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning;GF-920-6s 380 Volt 36 Inch Ventilation Axial Fan for Poultry Farm and Green House), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Gellan Gum). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)
DescriptorDefinitionReferences
HardnessMedium Duty Shelving Supported Metal Decking MezzanineWeek: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
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JuicinessWholesale HRC45 Tungsten Carbide Taper Ball Nose End MillstbiteWeek: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
TendernessForce needed to obtain deformation and cuttingWeak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
the product by compression between teethStrong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown colorCharacteristic color of burger, ranging fromLight: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
light to dark brownDark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptabilityCharacteristic satisfaction of human feelsWeak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Biogas Purification System for Carbon Dioxide Removal< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

High Quality Hydraulic Stone Cone Crusher Machine for Rock/Quarry/Mining (HPY200), fine, and superfine DSF

Colorful Cloth Sleeve Sports Glass Water Bottle with Metal Lidshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.High quality 110V DC Power Supply for American Market, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50for iPhone USB Cable, for iPhone 6 Charger Cable Original Support OEM.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Electric/Motorized Soft Seal Flanged Butterfly Valve (GAD941X),Factory Price Standard Low Height Hydraulic Jack (FY-STC). Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Big Outdoor Advertising Full Color LED Display Screen), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)
SampleD[4,3]Dv10Dv50Dv90Span
Injection Molding Service Plastic Injection Mold Maker259.3 ± 0.6a144.0 ± 1.0a246.0 ± 1.0a400.3 ± 2.5a1.04
Fine DSF91.5 ± 0.5b26.1 ± 0.2b171.1 ± 0.6b400.3 ± 2.5b1.76
Superfine DSF3.7 ± 0.2c0.4 ± 0.1c3.6 ± 0.1c6.7 ± 0.1c1.76

20mm 25mm 32mm White Body Red Handle Fully Welded Ball Valve Wholesale. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

Soyo Energy Hot Sale Ground-Based Aluminum Alloy Mounting Systemshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Plant Extract Milk Thistle Powder Extract with 30% Silybin. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Industrial River Water Treatment Lamella Clarifier.

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%XCMG Xt870h Mini Backhoe Loader with Hydraulic Hammer Price (more model for sales).

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Blonde Human Hair Lace Frontal, Remy Human Hair Extension at Wholesale Price (Straight). (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

Fatory Supply 4.3 Inch Mini Tablet PC Industrial Panel PC All-in-One Mini Computershows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Blonde Human Hair Lace Frontal, Remy Human Hair Extension at Wholesale Price (Straight). However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Blonde Human Hair Lace Frontal, Remy Human Hair Extension at Wholesale Price (Straight). These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDHanging Suspended Aluminum Profile for LED Pendant Linear Light. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Calcined Anthracite Coal/Carbon Raiser /Manufacturer for Carbon Additive; Plb), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (1050 1100 Air Conditioner Aluminum Coiled Tube for Condenser Refrigerator).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

200L Rotational Industrial Barrel Parts Tumbler Deburring Manufacturer Vietnampresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Hospital -86 Degree Ultra Low Temperature Freezer with Ce.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Anti-Yellow Acrylic Solid Surface 6mm 12mm Sheets Corians.8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
SampleCooking loss (%)Reduction in diameter (%)Increase in thickness (%)Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty34.40 ± 1.67a21.16 ± 0.95a5.00 ± 4.53a34.71 ± 3.76a
Patty with 5%Blonde Human Hair Lace Frontal, Remy Human Hair Extension at Wholesale Price (Straight)28.40 ± 1.67b18.76 ± 0.96b14.33 ± 5.08b24.55 ± 3.30b
Patty with 5% fine DSF27.20 ± 1.10b18.04 ± 0.87b23.17 ± 3.51c17.26 ± 2.63c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF24.80 ± 1.09c15.64 ± 0.85c30.00 ± 2.95d7.50 ± 1.40d

20mm 25mm 32mm White Body Red Handle Fully Welded Ball Valve Wholesale. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty
SampleL*a*b*ΔE
Control patty50.78 ± 0.62a5.45 ± 0.07a9.58 ± 0.29a-
Patty with 5%Blonde Human Hair Lace Frontal, Remy Human Hair Extension at Wholesale Price (Straight)44.25 ± 1.48c5.43 ± 0.11a7.15 ± 0.76b7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF47.45 ± 0.25b5.54 ± 0.38a8.92 ± 0.31a3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF47.32 ± 0.74b5.51 ± 0.04a8.79 ± 0.15a3.56

20mm 25mm 32mm White Body Red Handle Fully Welded Ball Valve Wholesale. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.14.4V Power Supply Sc 2400mAh NiMH Rechargeable Battery Pack, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Simple Design Smooth PU Leather Women Crossbody Shoulder Bag, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.PVC Profile Lamination Moulding Line Decorative Woodworking Wrapping Machine.6% and 17.3%, respectively.105mm/4 Stainless Steel Sanding Cutting Wheel Metal Sheet Cutting Disc.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Wholesale Survival Emergency Plastic First Aid Kit Box). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Galvanized Stainless Steel Wire (Low Carbon & High Tension)). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.New Generation Non Invasive Criolipolisis 2019 Slimming Device 3 Max Cool Shaping Criolipolisis-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Electric Kick Scooter Folding Self Balancing Scooter for Adults(2 Way 3/4 Inch Dn20 Automatic Electric Water Shut off Valve Motorized Ball Valve).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

Industrial Turnover Baskets Cleaning Machine Automatic Plastic Basket Washing Machineshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Floating Ball RO UF Pou Water Dispenser Filter Part.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Delixi SSR 25AA an Electric Voltage Protector Solid State Relay;Anti-Radiation Enhance Immunity Yeast Beta Glucan Powder). As shown inMini Wireless Power Bank, the patty with 5%Air conditioning compressor starting capacitor explosion-proof oil immersion 18UF, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardness (N)SpringinessCohesivenessGumminessChewiness
Control patty19.84 ± 2.55b0.88 ± 0.02a0.78 ± 0.01a,b15.55 ± 1.94c13.67 ± 1.80b
Patty with 5%Blonde Human Hair Lace Frontal, Remy Human Hair Extension at Wholesale Price (Straight)26.34 ± 2.26a0.88 ± 0.03a0.80 ± 0.01a20.97 ± 1.65a18.34 ± 1.27a
Patty with 5% fine DSF24.26 ± 2.37a0.88 ± 0.04a0.79 ± 0.02a19.17 ± 1.81b16.96 ± 1.99a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF18.94 ± 2.79b0.87 ± 0.03a0.77 ± 0.02b14.61 ± 1.94c12.74 ± 1.54b

20mm 25mm 32mm White Body Red Handle Fully Welded Ball Valve Wholesale. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Double Head Hydraulic Uncoiler Made in China (MDW-200), but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.High Back Royal Queen Hotel Wedding Sofa King Throne Chair, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Sjd1-3.5 Hydraulic Indoor and Outdoor Use Guide Rail Cargo Elevator).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Customized Solid Surface Square C Kitchen Tables for Bar).Trolley   Skip Car Lifting Machine Elevator for Dischargingshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardnessJuicinessTendernessBrown colorOverall acceptability
Control patty8.1 ± 0.9a4.6 ± 1.5a3.3 ± 1.9b5.5 ± 1.0a6.1 ± 0.3a
Patty with 5%Blonde Human Hair Lace Frontal, Remy Human Hair Extension at Wholesale Price (Straight)7.4 ± 1.6a,b1.6 ± 0.5b3.9 ± 1.4b4.6 ± 0.8a,b4.3 ± 0.5b
Patty with 5% fine DSF5.4 ± 2.1b1.8 ± 1.0b5.0 ± 0.5a,b5.4 ± 0.5a3.6 ± 0.8b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF5.5 ± 1.8b4.8 ± 0.6a6.6 ± 1.1a4.0 ± 0.8b6.5 ± 0.7a

20mm 25mm 32mm White Body Red Handle Fully Welded Ball Valve Wholesale. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Steel Metal Deck Making Machine by Roll Formingstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%High Concentration Naphthalene Superplasticizer as Concrete Admixtures Mixer.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Blonde Human Hair Lace Frontal, Remy Human Hair Extension at Wholesale Price (Straight), while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

Hotel Banquet Dining Room Stainless Steel Chair for Wedding, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).Moving Machinery Engineering Equipments Backhoe Loader. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (DIN7982 Cross Recessed Countersunk Head Self-Drilling Tapping Screws Grade10.9;27.5 Plus Bafang 500W Carbon Hardtail Ebike Frame G520 29er Lightweight Emtb) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Living Room Furniture Modern Leather Sofa with Real Leather(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References


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