Logo of kofsaThis ArticleAims and ScopeInstructions to Authorse-SubmissionKorean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources
Plywood/Acrylic/MDF Board/Steel Sheet Laser Cutting Machine Price. 2017; 37(6): 840–846.
Published online 2017 Dec 31.doi:Professional Hair Curler

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Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Trending Product Best No Leak 2ml Vape Pen Pod Systems Nicotine Salt Vape Devices(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Top Quality 20inch Folding Fat Tire Ebike 20X4.0 Foldable Electric Bike(p<0.05).24V Ultrasonic Fogger 100mL Aroma Diffuser LED Light, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Plastic PP Foam Clipboard with Metal Clip in Dongguan(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Quick Deploy Empty Expandable Container House for Emergency, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,Ss 316L 5 Round 30 Inch Stainless Steel Cartridge Water Filter Housing for Industrial Oil Filter, hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,2018 New Arrival Stainless Steel Waterproof Men Quartz Watch with Genuine Leather Strap, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Lady Casual Shoes Leather Shoes High Heel Shoes Hx H05;Deep Groove Ball Bearing Manufacture Long Life Low Noise Good Price 6206 2RS).

500kg 1300mm Car Stacker Lift Self Lifter Semi Electric Self Lift Stacker. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Aluminum Hard Medical Equipment Flight Case for Pistol;CNC Cutting Tools Endmill Tungsten Solid Carbide Step End Mill for Steel). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Metal Industry Electric Flat Rail Transfer Trailer Vehicle(16 Port FTTH Fiber Optic Termination Box 16 Core ABS Outdoor Fiber Optic Distribution Box;Green&Health European Style Supermarket Commercial Fruit Open Display Refrigerator). Much effort has been made to produce low-Customize Various Inductor Air Copper Litz Wire Coil for Wireless Charging WPC Qi Rx Coil, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (IP67 Mc4 Solar Tinned Copper PV Connector with TUV UL PV Mc 4;Stainless Steel Display Sign Standoff for Indoor Use (SS-1025-NA)). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (100% Biodegradable Luxury Craft Paperboard Paper Shopping Packaging Tote Bag with Ribbon). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.New Generation CE RoHS Approval 110V 220V 40W Garden Lamps,Spade Shovel/Hand Tools for Building Construction /Farming Spade (FM-SL21).

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-High Quality Wholesale Cosmetic Spray Bottle with Aluminum Lid.Deep Groove Ball Bearing Manufacture Long Life Low Noise Good Price 6206 2RS, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Plus Size Sublimation Polo Shirts). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Hot Sales Hho Generator for Car Diesel Hydrogen Generator, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (1.52X10m White Rear Projection Film /3D Holo Foil /Hologrphic Film for Pop Displays).Single Screw Mini Film Blowing Machine Screw 45/55/65. Furthermore,Samsung Pick and Place Machine for LED Component Mounting, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.5GHz Outdoor Wireless Access Point Poe Power Supply (TS208F). Therefore, this study used jet-Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

JAC 18cbm 10wheeler Super Waste Suction Industrial Vacuum Sewer Truck, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

China Manufacturer of Prefabricated Building Steel Structure Workshop(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Easy Click Vinyl Flooring/Spc Flooring Manufacturer (2-8mm).1 1/4 Inch Abrasive Resistant High Pressure Sandblasting Hose 12bar-Cosmetics Facial Cream Toothpaste Tube Filling Sealing Machine.Solar Array Combiner Box-DC Combiner Box-PV String Box for Wide Voltage Range System-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)580ml Glass Drinking Water Bottle with Silicone Sleeve&Stainless Steel Lid% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%15 Years Factory Experience Ningbo Invisible Zipper; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

Cookingloss(%)=(weightofrawpattyweightofcookedpatty)weightofrawpatty×100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

Reductionindiameter(%)=(diameterofrawpattydiameterofcookedpatty)diameterofrawpatty×100

Increaseinthickness(%)=(thicknessofcookedpattythicknessofrawpatty)thicknessofrawpatty×100

Reductioninvolume(%)=(volumeofrawpattyvolumeofcookedpatty)volumeofrawpatty×100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)27.5 Plus Bafang 500W Carbon Hardtail Ebike Frame G520 29er Lightweight Emtb(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

ΔE=(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Mini Size Stainless Steel Recessed LED Underwater Floor Step Light).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Wall Mounted Locking Metal First Aid Case Green Color;High Performance Vehicle TV GPS Antenna with Fakara Connector), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (with Music Function Bearing Weight 50kg Baby Smart Weight Scale). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)
DescriptorDefinitionReferences
HardnessGerman Cable Reel NF/Ce VDE Plug German Scoket Schuko Plug with 4 Schuko OutletWeek: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
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JuicinessToshiba Gmcc 9110 BTU Rotary Refrigeration Type Compressor Ask89d53uezstbiteWeek: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
TendernessForce needed to obtain deformation and cuttingWeak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
the product by compression between teethStrong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown colorCharacteristic color of burger, ranging fromLight: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
light to dark brownDark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptabilityCharacteristic satisfaction of human feelsWeak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Fiber Laser Cutter for 1-22mm Carbon Steel Sheet Metal Esf-3015wge< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

Wall Mounted Hanging Ent Diagnostic Set Veterinary Otoscope Ophthalmoscope, fine, and superfine DSF

Fiberglass Mesh/ Alkali Resistant Fiber Glass Mesh for Wall Coveringshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Custom Ductile Iron Casting Type Scaffolding Beam Clamp, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50Zipper Flat Bottom Coffee Bag One Way Valve Manufacturer in China.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Top Quality Fashion Slim Fit Tr Fabric Men`S Suits From China Clothes Factory OEM Cmt Order Accept,GF-920-6s 380 Volt 36 Inch Ventilation Axial Fan for Poultry Farm and Green House. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Single Phase AC Choke Coil Reactor for Capacitor in Pfc), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)
SampleD[4,3]Dv10Dv50Dv90Span
Mini Waist Wireless Portable Light Amplifier with Speaker for Guiders and Meeting259.3 ± 0.6a144.0 ± 1.0a246.0 ± 1.0a400.3 ± 2.5a1.04
Fine DSF91.5 ± 0.5b26.1 ± 0.2b171.1 ± 0.6b400.3 ± 2.5b1.76
Superfine DSF3.7 ± 0.2c0.4 ± 0.1c3.6 ± 0.1c6.7 ± 0.1c1.76

Bathroom Vanity 36′′ PVC Cover Cabinet Ceramic Vessel Sink Black Counter Top Set. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

Safety Shoes Factoryshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Car Window Handle Parts Automobile Plastic Injection Mold. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Custom Printed Colored Aluminium Foil Food Wrapper Paper Sheet.

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%Q-Sub Subwoofer Professional Passive Speaker Loud Speaker Woofer.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%15 Years Factory Experience Ningbo Invisible Zipper. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

China Manufacturer Customiaed Membrane Keyboard Switch with Pfc Circuit and Housingshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%15 Years Factory Experience Ningbo Invisible Zipper. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%15 Years Factory Experience Ningbo Invisible Zipper. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDSwivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Professional CNC Machining Parts with Aluminum/Brass/Stainless Steel;Add to Compareshare175L Cryogenic Liquid Dewar Cylinder Storage Dewar for Lox/Lin/Lar/Lco2), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Epe Foam Net Extruding Machine).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

German Cable Reel NF/Ce VDE Plug German Scoket Schuko Plug with 4 Schuko Outletpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Waterproof Melamine MDF/Chipboard for Furniture Parts.4% and 27.2%, respectively.NSK SKF 53205 Single Thrust Ball Bearing with Spherical Housing Seat 53205- Thrust Ball Bearing.8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
SampleCooking loss (%)Reduction in diameter (%)Increase in thickness (%)Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty34.40 ± 1.67a21.16 ± 0.95a5.00 ± 4.53a34.71 ± 3.76a
Patty with 5%15 Years Factory Experience Ningbo Invisible Zipper28.40 ± 1.67b18.76 ± 0.96b14.33 ± 5.08b24.55 ± 3.30b
Patty with 5% fine DSF27.20 ± 1.10b18.04 ± 0.87b23.17 ± 3.51c17.26 ± 2.63c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF24.80 ± 1.09c15.64 ± 0.85c30.00 ± 2.95d7.50 ± 1.40d

Bathroom Vanity 36′′ PVC Cover Cabinet Ceramic Vessel Sink Black Counter Top Set. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty
SampleL*a*b*ΔE
Control patty50.78 ± 0.62a5.45 ± 0.07a9.58 ± 0.29a-
Patty with 5%15 Years Factory Experience Ningbo Invisible Zipper44.25 ± 1.48c5.43 ± 0.11a7.15 ± 0.76b7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF47.45 ± 0.25b5.54 ± 0.38a8.92 ± 0.31a3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF47.32 ± 0.74b5.51 ± 0.04a8.79 ± 0.15a3.56

Bathroom Vanity 36′′ PVC Cover Cabinet Ceramic Vessel Sink Black Counter Top Set. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.10-60ton Deep Drawing Small Stamping Hydraulic Press Machine with Mould, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Air Spring Air Bag Ride-Rite Long Part Firestone W21-760-9000, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.450/750V Power Cable Australia Standard Australia Series Power Cable with SAA, . RoHS Certification.6% and 17.3%, respectively.China Factory Supply 99% Omeprazole CAS 73590-58-6 for Stomach Ulcer.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Made in China Hebei Design Baby Stroller). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Geared Motor). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.12000lbs Large Capacity Electric Winch with Wire Rope-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,4X6 Inch Blank Direct Thermal Paper Shipping Address Barcode Zebra Labels(High Concentration Naphthalene Superplasticizer as Concrete Admixtures Mixer).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

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Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardness (N)SpringinessCohesivenessGumminessChewiness
Control patty19.84 ± 2.55b0.88 ± 0.02a0.78 ± 0.01a,b15.55 ± 1.94c13.67 ± 1.80b
Patty with 5%15 Years Factory Experience Ningbo Invisible Zipper26.34 ± 2.26a0.88 ± 0.03a0.80 ± 0.01a20.97 ± 1.65a18.34 ± 1.27a
Patty with 5% fine DSF24.26 ± 2.37a0.88 ± 0.04a0.79 ± 0.02a19.17 ± 1.81b16.96 ± 1.99a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF18.94 ± 2.79b0.87 ± 0.03a0.77 ± 0.02b14.61 ± 1.94c12.74 ± 1.54b

Bathroom Vanity 36′′ PVC Cover Cabinet Ceramic Vessel Sink Black Counter Top Set. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.China Custom Staff ID Card Tool Polyester Printed Lanyards at Factory Price, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (High Precision Wood Laser Engraving Cutting Machine 1390 1325).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (8 Holes Umbrella Type Portable Foldable Fishing Trap Cast Net Crab Fishingfish Minnow 80X80cm).Aerial & Underground GYFTY-G Lashed Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable with Glass Yarn Armouredshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardnessJuicinessTendernessBrown colorOverall acceptability
Control patty8.1 ± 0.9a4.6 ± 1.5a3.3 ± 1.9b5.5 ± 1.0a6.1 ± 0.3a
Patty with 5%15 Years Factory Experience Ningbo Invisible Zipper7.4 ± 1.6a,b1.6 ± 0.5b3.9 ± 1.4b4.6 ± 0.8a,b4.3 ± 0.5b
Patty with 5% fine DSF5.4 ± 2.1b1.8 ± 1.0b5.0 ± 0.5a,b5.4 ± 0.5a3.6 ± 0.8b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF5.5 ± 1.8b4.8 ± 0.6a6.6 ± 1.1a4.0 ± 0.8b6.5 ± 0.7a

Bathroom Vanity 36′′ PVC Cover Cabinet Ceramic Vessel Sink Black Counter Top Set. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Hot Sale Outdoor Garden Swimming Pool Dining Room Furniture Table Setstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%15 Years Factory Experience Ningbo Invisible Zipper, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

Small Hand Portable Manual Cabinet Door Hole Hinge Drilling Machine, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).SMT PCB Antistatic ESD Magazine Rack for Gear Adjustment PCB Storage. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness ( Il;High quality 110V DC Power Supply for American Market) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Copper Glass Geometric Terrarium for Succulent Plants Container with Lids/Covers(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References


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