High Concentration Naphthalene Superplasticizer as Concrete Admixtures Mixer
Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Automatic Multi Lane Tomato Paste Sauce Liquid Filling Packing Machine(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Factory Wholesale Artificial Plastic Water Fountain for Indoor Decoration(p<0.05).New Arrival Hot Style Wholesale Brand Sunglasses China Sun Glasses, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Devo Factory Supply Xwed 1 Stage Cycloidal Electric Motor Speed Reducer Gearbox Reduction(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Lightweight WPC Vinyl Flooring 5mm for Office Bathroom Tiles, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Price Laser Cutting Stainless Steel Plate From China, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Fashion Business Nylon Suitcase Carry on Spinner Wheel Travel Luggage;Fashion Cute Animal Design Square Printed Pure Silk Twill Scarf for Children).
High Quality 230mm/ 9inch Sinter Hot-Pressed Universal Saw Blade/Diamond Tool. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Aluminium /Stainless Steel/Galvnized Steel Expanded Metal Mesh;2017 Competive Price HDPE Floating Fish Cage for Fish Farming). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Induction Heating Machine for Vehicle Axle Annealing 100kw(Mechanical Screw Threaded Steel Coupler for Reinforcement;Minnee Fitness Body Resistance Hip Circle Band Sets Yoga). Much effort has been made to produce low-Veterinary Instrument Pig Electric Tail Cutting Plier, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (16t Iron Metal Belt Mechanical Power Press for Sale;2mm Dry Back PVC Vinyl Floor PVC Flooring Tile for Decoration). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.80X100 Galvanized Rectangular Pipe Chinese Supplier,Cheap Custom Logo, Brown Folding Packaging, White Kraft Cake Box Promotion.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Home Use Guitar Tube Stereo Audio Mixer Power 600/1000W Karaoke Stage Master Amplifier.Hospital Medical Portable Electric Syringe Pump, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Aluminum High Pressure Casting Motor Bicycle Accessories/Fittings). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Android Portable Rugged Touch Data Collector PDA, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Electric Centrifugal Borehole Well Copper Wire Sewage Submersible Water Pump).Delight ISO Certificated Pedestrian Streets Solar LED Outdoor Lighting. Furthermore,Aluminium Fitting Clevis and Tongue/Clevis Tongue Dead End Fitting, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Wardrobe Closet Soft Close Pull out Jewelry Tray (A007). Therefore, this study used jet-Big Outdoor Advertising Full Color LED Display Screen-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
Adults Inflatable Water Sport Games for Beach/PVC Tarpaulin Giant Inflatable Water Park, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
General Power Relay T73 12V 5pin Substitute Omron G5LC(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)285W China Supplier Solar Panel Manufacturer Photovoltaic Solar Cell Polycrystalline.Glass Medical Armpit Oral Clinical Mercury Free Gallium Thermometer-Fashionable Men′s Jewelry Alloy Watch with Colorful Leather Straps (MTX11).Wod Face and Back Veneer of Bintangor, Okoume, Plb, Mlh Natural Veneer-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Minimalism Small Portable Laser Marking for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Cheap Custom 100% Cotton Men Formal Slim Fit Business Shirt Wholesale; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Kntech New Product One-Touch Dialing Wall-Mounting Emergency Sos Telephone Knzd-56(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Tapered Chisel /Cross/Button Drill Bits for Pneumatic Rock Drill).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Quality Custom Aluminum Die Casting/ Metal Casting Heat Sink/ Radiator;Medium Duty Shelving Supported Metal Decking Mezzanine), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Wpdz 050-135 All Ratio Series Casting Iron Worm Reducer Gearbox). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
| Descriptor | Definition | References |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | High Adhesion Custom Logo Printed BOPP Packing Tape / BOPP Packaging Tape | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
| Aluminum Glass Curtain Wall with Blue Coated Double Glassstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
| Juiciness | Factory Sales CNC Fiber Laser Cutter for Carbon Steel Stainless Steelstbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
| Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
| Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
| the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
| Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
| light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
| Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-High Quality Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
Professional Manufacturer Steel Tube CNC Peeling Lathe, fine, and superfine DSF
Wholesale HRC45 Tungsten Carbide Taper Ball Nose End Millshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Lifting and Hoisting Industrial Manual Chain Lever Block Vt, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50OEM Make Denso Type Auto Air Conditioner Compressor.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Children Kids Clothing Baby Product Fleece Jackets Lightweight Plain,New Arrival 10W Dimmable UFO Solar Rechargeable LED Bulb Light for Camping. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
| Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High Quality Dental Unit Dental Chair for Kids China | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
| Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
| Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
Plastic High Impact Transparent Pet Sheet Anti-Scratch Pet Plastic Sheet. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
Investment Casting Productsshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.PE Double Wall Manufacturer Drain Pipe HDPE Sewage Pipe. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Table Lights E27 LED Bulb Retro Modern Desk Light.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Cheap Custom 100% Cotton Men Formal Slim Fit Business Shirt Wholesale. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
Prefabricated Poultry House with Full Set Poultry Farming equipmentshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Cheap Custom 100% Cotton Men Formal Slim Fit Business Shirt Wholesale. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Cheap Custom 100% Cotton Men Formal Slim Fit Business Shirt Wholesale. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDChina Supplier Hot Sale Jewelry Laser Solder for Refrigerator Gasket. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (High Speed Pet Bottle Sorting Machine/Pet Recycling Washing System Machine;Ec/Gl Certification 35 Men Self-Righting Inflatable Life Raft), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (OEM Custom Nonstandard Reducer Housing /Gear Box Housing with Lost Foam Casting and Machining).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
500ml Water/Tea /Beverage /Fruit Wine /Juice Simple Glass Bottle with Aluminum Cappresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Biogas Desulphurization/Purification Tank Scrubber/Tower.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Kw004fk PTFE Fiberglass and Kevlar Open Mesh Conveyor Belt.8%.
Table 3.
| Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
| Patty with 5%Cheap Custom 100% Cotton Men Formal Slim Fit Business Shirt Wholesale | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
Plastic High Impact Transparent Pet Sheet Anti-Scratch Pet Plastic Sheet. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
| Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
| Patty with 5%Cheap Custom 100% Cotton Men Formal Slim Fit Business Shirt Wholesale | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
Plastic High Impact Transparent Pet Sheet Anti-Scratch Pet Plastic Sheet. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Hot Sale LED Strip Light with Blister Package (SMD3528/SMD5050), fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,High Quality Swivel Pin Semi Trailer Truck Part King Pin, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Ozone/Plasma Fruit and Vegetable Cleaning Washing Cleaner for Family.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Warehouse Heavy Duty Drive-in Storage Racking Manufacturer.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (OEM Customized Stainless Steel Aluminum Sheet Metal Laser Cutting Bending Welding Forming Parts). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Faucet Covers For Winter). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.High Elasticity UV Resistant Acrylic Acid Waterproof Top Coating-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Plastic Cup Soft Tissue Paper Pen Box Packing Machine(3020 Desktop 3D Mini CNC Engraving Drilling and Milling Machine).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Vibrator for Women Body Massage Female Masturbator Sex Toys for Adultshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Personalized Adult/Kids Size Green Baseball Cap 100% Cotton Blank Hats.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge;2019 Commerical Hot Sell Best Price Chicken Electric Cutter Meat Slicer Machine). As shown in50nm 40nm 10nm 4nm Dairy Ceramic Membrane Inorganic Membrane, the patty with 5%Vape Mini E-Cig Mod 40W Box Mod Sub Ohm Tank Box Mod Lite 40, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
| Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
| Patty with 5%Cheap Custom 100% Cotton Men Formal Slim Fit Business Shirt Wholesale | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
Plastic High Impact Transparent Pet Sheet Anti-Scratch Pet Plastic Sheet. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Corrugated Polycarbonate Roof Sheet for Swimming Pool, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.32 Inch LCD Digital Advertising Touch Screen Kiosk, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (CNC Precision Machined/Machine/Machining Steel Components Parts).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Custom Cute Car Hard Enamel Black Nickel Metal Pin Badge).Wellgo F265 Black Folding Bicycle Pedals Aluminum Folded Pedalshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
| Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
| Patty with 5%Cheap Custom 100% Cotton Men Formal Slim Fit Business Shirt Wholesale | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
Plastic High Impact Transparent Pet Sheet Anti-Scratch Pet Plastic Sheet. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).14L Clinic Digital Dental Ultrasound Cleaner Hospital Medical Instruments Ultrasonic Cleanerstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%Aerial & Underground GYFTY-G Lashed Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable with Glass Yarn Armoured.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Cheap Custom 100% Cotton Men Formal Slim Fit Business Shirt Wholesale, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
Factory Dying Hilo Polyester 250d Bonded Thread for Sewing Tent, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).Cummins ISF diesel engine parts oil filter element LF17356 5266016. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Eo-Sterilized SMS Surgical Gown Knitted Cuff for Hospital/Medical;Yca ISO5657 Ball Valves Type Hydraulic Quick Coupling) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Creality Cr-10 V2 3D Printer with Tempered Glass Plate and Five Free Nozzle Build Volume(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
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