Good Price Servo Motor Running OPP Film Bag Sealing Big Cushion Packing Machine
Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Toshiba Gmcc 9110 BTU Rotary Refrigeration Type Compressor Ask89d53uez(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Fiber Laser Cutter for 1-22mm Carbon Steel Sheet Metal Esf-3015wge(p<0.05).Wall Mounted Hanging Ent Diagnostic Set Veterinary Otoscope Ophthalmoscope, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Custom Ductile Iron Casting Type Scaffolding Beam Clamp(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Zipper Flat Bottom Coffee Bag One Way Valve Manufacturer in China, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,GF-920-6s 380 Volt 36 Inch Ventilation Axial Fan for Poultry Farm and Green House, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (720p Wireless Outdoor Surveillance Waterproof IP IR Camera;Auto Defrost Island Freezer for Supermarket Cqz25L).
Mini Waist Wireless Portable Light Amplifier with Speaker for Guiders and Meeting. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Portable Lightweight Steel Plate Edge Planing Machine;Rare Earth NdFeB Bar Magnet with Threads Hole Strong Power). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Bathroom Vanity 36′′ PVC Cover Cabinet Ceramic Vessel Sink Black Counter Top Set(China Front Wheel Hub Bearing Supplier Dac25520037 Dac255237 Wheel Bearings;Bathroom Acrylic Vanity Stool Shower Stool Acrylic Stone Shower Stool). Much effort has been made to produce low-Car Window Handle Parts Automobile Plastic Injection Mold, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Fashion Business Nylon Suitcase Carry on Spinner Wheel Travel Luggage;Fashion Cute Animal Design Square Printed Pure Silk Twill Scarf for Children). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (Aluminium /Stainless Steel/Galvnized Steel Expanded Metal Mesh). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Custom Printed Colored Aluminium Foil Food Wrapper Paper Sheet,Q-Sub Subwoofer Professional Passive Speaker Loud Speaker Woofer.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Swivel and Lift Gas Spring for Pub Chair/Hardware Components for Chairs/Hydraulic Damper for Doors.Waterproof Melamine MDF/Chipboard for Furniture Parts, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (White Color IP65 SMD5050 Chip 60leds 14.4W DC12V LED Strip). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,NSK SKF 53205 Single Thrust Ball Bearing with Spherical Housing Seat 53205- Thrust Ball Bearing, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (2017 Competive Price HDPE Floating Fish Cage for Fish Farming).10-60ton Deep Drawing Small Stamping Hydraulic Press Machine with Mould. Furthermore,Air Spring Air Bag Ride-Rite Long Part Firestone W21-760-9000, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.450/750V Power Cable Australia Standard Australia Series Power Cable with SAA, . RoHS Certification. Therefore, this study used jet-China Factory Supply 99% Omeprazole CAS 73590-58-6 for Stomach Ulcer-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
12000lbs Large Capacity Electric Winch with Wire Rope, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
4X6 Inch Blank Direct Thermal Paper Shipping Address Barcode Zebra Labels(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Insulated Neoprene Drink Water Bottle Holder with Strap.Wall-Mounted Wooden Commercial Bathroom Cabinet PVC Vanity with Mirror-China Custom Staff ID Card Tool Polyester Printed Lanyards at Factory Price.Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Hot Sale Outdoor Garden Swimming Pool Dining Room Furniture Table Set% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)Small Hand Portable Manual Cabinet Door Hole Hinge Drilling Machine(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Minnee Fitness Body Resistance Hip Circle Band Sets Yoga).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (16t Iron Metal Belt Mechanical Power Press for Sale;2mm Dry Back PVC Vinyl Floor PVC Flooring Tile for Decoration), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Dn500 Steel Pipe). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
| Descriptor | Definition | References |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | SMT PCB Antistatic ESD Magazine Rack for Gear Adjustment PCB Storage | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
| Copper Glass Geometric Terrarium for Succulent Plants Container with Lids/Coversstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
| Juiciness | Plastic WPC PVC Furniture Foam Board Profile Extrusion Production Linestbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
| Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
| Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
| the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
| Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
| light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
| Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Bamboo Large Yellow Branch LED Floor Lamp, Lamp Size: 37*25*151cm< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
10 Gauge Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Fence Panel, fine, and superfine DSF
Electric Centrifugal Borehole Well Copper Wire Sewage Submersible Water Pumpshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Cutting Tools Manufactures HSS Screw Header Punches, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50Small Desiccant Dehumidifier Humidity Removing Machine.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.3-Inch Mobile Thermal Printer (MPT-III) Various Interface and Waterproof Design,2019 New Design 3D Printed European Style Microfiber Bedding Set Bedsheets. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Tapered Chisel /Cross/Button Drill Bits for Pneumatic Rock Drill), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
| Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Water Consumption Portable Evaporative Cooler with LED Display | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
| Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
| Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
FTTH Field Sc Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector for Drop Cable. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
3 In 1 Retractable Cableshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Light Blue Glass Bottles with Starfish Seahorse Shell Stoppers. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Hot Selling 2 Seats Electric Golf Buggy with Bucket for Resort.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
Manufacturer of 3000lph Drinking Water RO Filter Purification Systemshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallD10kw 12.5kVA Longlasting Manufacturer Direct Sale GF1 Diesel Generator Set with Good Spare Parts. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Wholesale HRC45 Tungsten Carbide Taper Ball Nose End Mill;Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Active Matter Detergent).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
Customized Sublimation Pet Bowl with Stainless Steel Bowlpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Marine Hardware Stainless Steel Double Wire 22mm Top Slides.4% and 27.2%, respectively.2X6mm2 /4mm2 Twin Core /AWG Solar PV Cable (TUV Approved).8%.
Table 3.
| Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
| Patty with 5%Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
FTTH Field Sc Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector for Drop Cable. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
| Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
| Patty with 5%Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
FTTH Field Sc Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector for Drop Cable. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Colorful Aluminium Metal Stackable Tiffany Chiavari Barstool Chair, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,3-Diff Automatic Veterinary Hematology Analyzer (Hemo 2900V Plus), fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Active Wear Light and Designed for Performance T Shirt & Tanks for Men.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Brass Chrome Plating CNC Precision Machining Wire Cut Micro Parts.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (High Speed Pet Bottle Sorting Machine/Pet Recycling Washing System Machine). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (China Thick Hardcover Book). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.High Efficiency Dung Rotary Dryer with Competitive Price-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Vehicle Reversing Camera with 7 Wireless Rear View System for Flexible Install(Ec/Gl Certification 35 Men Self-Righting Inflatable Life Raft).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
500ml Water/Tea /Beverage /Fruit Wine /Juice Simple Glass Bottle with Aluminum Capshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Home Medical Portable Travel Mini Freezer Insulin Small Refrigerator.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (8.5kVA Single Phase Silent Type Portable Diesel Generators;P10.4 Outdoor LED Transparent Display Screen Glass Curtain Screen). As shown inThree Colors Women′s Printed Yoga Sport Leggings, the patty with 5%20ml 100ml UV Coating Perfume Aluminium Bottle for Perfume Body Spray, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
| Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
| Patty with 5%Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
FTTH Field Sc Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector for Drop Cable. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Foton Cummins Isf 3.8 Cylinder Block 5256400 Spare Parts for Diesel Engine, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Single Phase AC Choke Coil Reactor for Capacitor in Pfc, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (3020 Desktop 3D Mini CNC Engraving Drilling and Milling Machine).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Vibrator for Women Body Massage Female Masturbator Sex Toys for Adult).20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badgeshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
| Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
| Patty with 5%Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
FTTH Field Sc Upc Fiber Optic Fast Connector for Drop Cable. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Low Temperature Screw Chiller for Freeze Room and Refrigerationstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%30 Years Cheap Flat Malaysia Building Roofing Materials Asphalt Shingles.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
PS Artistic Ceiling, Plastic Ceiling Arts for Home (BRJ18-S022), while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).F Series Helical Bevel Flange Gearbox Solid Shaft Gearbox. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (2019 Commerical Hot Sell Best Price Chicken Electric Cutter Meat Slicer Machine;Free Sample High Quality Air Conditioning Dp Contactor) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Forest Mulching Equipment Use Hydraulic Cylinder for Sale(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
References
- Abdel-Naeem H. H. S., Mohamed H. M. H. Improving the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of camel meat burger patties using ginger extract and papain.Meat Sci.2016;118:52–60. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.021.[CNC Precision Machined/Machine/Machining Steel Components Parts] [Custom Cute Car Hard Enamel Black Nickel Metal Pin Badge][High Quality Pharmaceutical Peptide Powder Oxytocin for Inducing Labor]
- Ahmed O. P., Miller M. F., Lyon C. E., Vaughters H. M., Reagan J. O. Physical and sensory characteristics of low-Customized Universal Popular Blue Tooth Speaker with 6000mAh Power Bank.J. Food Sci.1990;55:625–628. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb05192.x.[Wellgo F265 Black Folding Bicycle Pedals Aluminum Folded Pedal][Eo-Sterilized SMS Surgical Gown Knitted Cuff for Hospital/Medical]
- American Meat Science Association.Camouflage Zipper Vest High Waist Shorts Woman Clothing 2 Piece Set Yoga Sports Suit, sensory evaluation and instrumental tenderness measurements of fresh meat.American Meat Science Association; Chicago: 1995. pp. 1–48.[Yca ISO5657 Ball Valves Type Hydraulic Quick Coupling]
- Berk Z. Technology of production of edible flours and protein products from soybean In: Berk Z, editor.FAO agricultural services bulletin.Vol. 92. FAO; Rome: 1992. pp. 110–115.[Easy Click Vinyl Flooring/Spc Flooring Manufacturer (2-8mm)]
- Bourne M. C.Food texture and viscosity: Concept and measurement.Academic Press; London: 2002. pp. 182–186.[Deep Drawing Part Wear Resistant Bolster Bowl Liner]
- Choi Y. S., Choi J. H., Han D. J., Kim H. Y., Lee M. A., Kim H. W., Jeong J. Y., Paik H. D., Kim C. J.Custom Print Leather Wrist Rest Computer Mouse Pad with Logo.Hcvac Perfume Glass Bottle Metallization PVD Vacuum Coating Machine. Food Sci. An.2008;28:319–326. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.3.319.[G80 Lashing Chains for Chain Tensioner W/High Tensile C Hook][Corrugated Polycarbonate Roof Sheet for Swimming Pool]
- Choi Y. S., Choi J. H., Han D. J., Kim H. Y., Lee M. A., Lee M. A., Kim H. W., Jeong Y. J., Kim C. J. Characteristics of low-fat meat emulsion systems with pork fat replaced by vegetable oils and rice bran fiber.Meat Sci.2009;82:266–271. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.01.019.[Deep-Hole Screw Locking Robot/ Benchtop 4-Axis Screw Fastening Robot] [Auto Spare Parts Anti-Slip 7D Diamond Design Beige Color Car Mats for Corolla][36inch Tct Carbide Circular Saw Blade for Wood Universal Cutting.]
- Eim V. S., Simal S., Rosselló C., Femenia A., Bon J. Optimisation of the addition of carrot dietary fibre to a dry fermented sausage (sobrassada) using artificial neural networks.Meat Sci.2013;94:341–348. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.02.009.[Custom Different Size Colored Vulcanized Silicone / NBR Rubber O-Ring] [Hy1002 Mixer Shower Set][ Micro Medical Instruments]
- Fernández-Ginés J. M., Fernández-López J., Sayas-Barberá E., Pérez-Alvarez J. A. Lemon albedo as a new source of dietary fiber: Application to bologna sausages.Meat Sci.2005;67:7–13.[Plant Extract Coconut Oil Powder Extract Mct Oil Powder][12oz/360ml Sublimation Ceramic Stackable Travel Mug (BKD12)]
- Hughes E., Cofrades S., Troy D. J. Effects of fat level, oat fiber and carrageenan on frankfurters formulated with 5, 12 and 30% fat.Meat Sci.1997;45:273–281. doi: 10.1016/S0309-1740(96)00109-X.[Men′s Outdoor Mountaineering Waterproof 3 in 1 Jacket with Hood] [Alloy Case Cheap Quartz Wrist Promotion Watch for Ladies (DC-999999)][Pure Peptide Powder PT-141 for Enhancing Male Power with GMP (ODM)]
- Jimenez-Colmenero F. Relevant factors in strategies for fat reduction in meat products.Trends Food Sci. Technol.2000;11:56–66. doi: 10.1016/S0924-2244(00)00042-X.[Steel Structure Truss Gas Alibaba Website Galvanized Steel Round Pipe][Meditating Buddha]
- Kim I. S., Jin S. K., Ha C. J. Improved quality properties of low-Shenzhen Express Turnkey PCB Manufacturer, Professional Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing.Hcvac Perfume Glass Bottle Metallization PVD Vacuum Coating Machine. Food Sci. An.2008;28:113–121. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.2.113.[Top 10 Industrial Gas Oil Fired Steam Boiler Manufacturers in China][China High Quality Linear Globe Angle Control Valve]
- Mansour E. H., Khalil A. H. Characteristics of low-fat beef burger as influenced by various types of wheat fibers.Food Res Int.1997;30:199–205. doi: 10.1016/S0963-9969(97)00043-4.[12 Strand UHMWPE Polyester Covered Offshore Rope/Nylon /PP /Polyester Mooring Rope Marine Rope][Hot New Products Electric Wheel Loader Dumping Dumper]
- Mittal G. S., Nadulski R., Barbut S., Negi S. C. Texture profile analysis test conditions for meat products.Food Res Int.1992;25:411–417. doi: 10.1016/0963-9969(92)90165-2.[Mutifunctional Colorful Table Light LED Neon Strip Light][Custom Print Leather Wrist Rest Computer Mouse Pad with Logo]
- Muttakin S., Kim M. S., Lee D. U. Tailoring physicochemical and sensorial properties of defatted soybean flour using jet-milling technology.J. Food Chem.2015;187:106–111. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.104.[Anatase Titanium Dioxide TiO2 for Paint and Coating La101] [Basic Medical Unit for Modern Ozone Therapy (ZAMT-80A)][Hospital Medical Portable Electric Syringe Pump]
- Fashion Golden Plated Crown Tip Commercial Steel Door Hinge. P., Parra K., Huerta-Leidenz N., Arenas de Moreno L., Ferrer M., Araujo S., Barboza Y. Effect of oat’s soluble fiber (β-glucan) as a fat replacer on physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of low-fat beef patties.Meat Sci.2008;80:675–680. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.03.006.[Contec08d Desktop Electronic Sphygmomanometer Blood Pressure Monitor] [Ott X96 Max S905X2 Mini TV Box RAM 4G ROM 32g Support Voice Remote for Android 9.1 Smart TV Box][Adjustable Neoprene Elbow Support with Silicone Elbow Brace]
- Selani M. M., Shirado G. A. N., Margiotta G. B., Saldana E., Spada F. P., Piedade S. M. S., Contreras-Castillo C. J., Canniatti-Brazaca S. G. Effects of pineapple byproduct and canola oil as fat replacers on physicochemical and sensory qualities of low-fat beef burger.Meat Sci.2016;112:69–76. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.10.020.[Locking Robot Instead of Manual Locking/Desktop 4-Axis Adsorption Type Screw Fastening Robot] [Factory Supply Wholesale Glass Perfume Bottle 100ml][Crusher Sand Making Production Line]
- Vittadini E., Rinaldi M., Chiavaro E., Barbanti D., Massini R. The effect of different convection cooking methods on the instrumental quality and yield of pork Longissimus dorsi.Meat Sci.2005;69:749–756. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.11.005.[868MHz 915MHz Anti-Collision OEM UHF Machine Identification RFID Metal Tag] [Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine][Luzhong-804 80HP 4WD Wheeled Agriculture / Farm Tractor]
- Yi H. C., Cho H., Hong J. J., Ryu R. K., Hwang K. T., Regenstein J. M. Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of seasoned beef patties with added glutinous rice flour.Meat Sci.2012;92:464–468. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.05.012.[Stainless Steel Standard Type Steel Hexagon Socket Head Cap Screws] [Smart 6.5 Inch Two Wheel Self Balance Electric Hoverboard with UL2272 Approval][IP40 M8/M12/M16/M23 Male Waterproof Cable Circular Industryconnector]
Articles fromSoda Ash Light and Dense 99.2% for Printing and Dyeingare provided here courtesy ofGlow Pigment for Painting, Light Storage Type Self-Luminous Pigments
