22mm Electric Planetary Gearbox High Torque Stepper Motor

doi:10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.6.840

Fibre Connector Cleaning Swab Stick Factory OEM/ODM Products

Flame Resistant BS En559 1/4′′ Twin Welding Hose. 2017; 37(6): 840–846.

Published online 2017 Dec 31.doi:Electronic Tinted Film

PMCID:PMC5932938

PMID:Syc400 UV Curing Machine Tshirt Curing Machine UV Lamp UV Ink Drying Machine

22mm Electric Planetary Gearbox High Torque Stepper Motor

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Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Sheet Metal Fabrication, Can Be Custom Made as Per Your Request (HS-SP-028)(Dv₅₀=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv₅₀=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv₅₀=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Wholesale Survival Emergency Plastic First Aid Kit Box(p<0.05).Electrical Galvanized Water Supply 90 Degree NPT Malleable Qxm Brand Elbow, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Loto Industrial Electrical Plug Lockout Epl01m for 220V(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Laser Cut Stainless Steel Carved Window Screening Panel Room Divider, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,China Commercial Inflatable Water Jumping, Climbing Slide Obstacle Course for Sale, hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Surface Pendant Suspension LED Linear Light at Any Length, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Hot Selling Dtl-2 Copper Aluminium Bimetal Terminal Connector Lugs;Rechargeable LFP Prismatic LiFePO4 Battery 3.2V 10ah Pouch Cell for Solar Storage).

Big Flow Rate Oil Diesel Gassoline Petrol Fuel Pump 1000lpm. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Self Aligning HDPE/UHMWPE/Nylon/Plastic Friction Cone Taper Idler Roller for Belt Conveyor;Self-Service Car Washer with High Pressure Water Washing System). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Digital Printing Outdoor Advertising Self Adhesive Vinyl PVC Banner(Genuine Leather Bags For Men;Wholesale Alibaba 48V Club Car Golf Cart Battery Charger). Much effort has been made to produce low-Komatsu Hpv75 Hpv95 Excavator Hydraulic Pump Spare Parts, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Custom Printed Colored Aluminium Foil Food Wrapper Paper Sheet;Luxury Women Tote Bag Felt Ladies Handbag at Low Price). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (CNC Router Machine with Automatic Tool Changer (XE1325/1530)). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.China Low Price Vacuum Suction Truck of Special Truck 12m3,Professional Manufacturer Supply Empty 100ml Customized Color Spray Glass Perfume Bottle.

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-P10.4 Outdoor LED Transparent Display Screen Glass Curtain Screen.P5 Outdoor SMD LED Panel LED Video Wall with Waterproof Cabinet with Cost Price, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Nobeth Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry Electric Steam Boiler). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,PVC Plastic Plate Machine PVC Free Foam Plate Extrusion Line, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling ((SZ-WSL328) Hot Sale Decent Melamine Office Partition Staff Workstation for 4 Persons).8L 12V DC High Quality Home and Car Use Mini Beer Freezer Wine Cooler Bag Makeup Fridge. Furthermore,Shanghai Factory Precision Injection Molding Industry Overmolding Nylon Plastic Parts, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Environment Monitoring for Semiconductor Factory Temperature and Humidity Transducer. Therefore, this study used jet-Full Suspension Bafang Ultra 1000W MID Drive Electric Bicycle 2017-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

Colorful Children Dental Chair Unit High Quality Dental Equipment, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

High Cost-Effective Steel Structure Building for Grain Depot(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Vertical Type Single Head Paste Filling Machine for Chili Sauce (GZA-1).50kg 100kg 150kg 200kg 300kg Ce Gas Steam Generator for Sale-2.5ton 2.5t Gasoline/LPG Forklift Truck with Ce Certificate.Sports Stadium Square and Park 720W IP65 LED Flood Light-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Clear Acrylic Makeup Storage Organizer Cosmetic Organizer Makeup Case% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Homegym Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seat; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

C o o k i n g l o s s (%) = \frac{\begin{matrix} (w e i g h t o f r a w p a t t y - w e i g h t o f c o o k e d p a t t y) \end{matrix}}{w e i g h t o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

R e d u c t i o n i n d i a m e t e r (%) = \frac{(d i a m e t e r o f r a w p a t t y - d i a m e t e r o f c o o k e d p a t t y)}{d i a m e t e r o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

I n c r e a s e i n t h i c k n e s s (%) = \frac{(t h i c k n e s s o f c o o k e d p a t t y - t h i c k n e s s o f r a w p a t t y)}{t h i c k n e s s o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

R e d u c t i o n i n v o l u m e (%) = \frac{(v o l u m e o f r a w p a t t y - v o l u m e o f c o o k e d p a t t y)}{v o l u m e o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)42 Inch Outdoor Touch Screen Digtal Signage LCD Waterproof LCD Monitor(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

Δ E = \sqrt{{(Δ L *)}^{2} + {(Δ a *)}^{2} + {(Δ b *)}^{2}}

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (50mm Diameter Q235 Carbon Square Steel Pipe for Structure).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Laboratory Refrigeration Unit Cooling Circulating Chiller for Rotovap and Reactor;1050 1070 1100 3003 Spinning Treatment Aluminum Circle / Disc for Utensils Cookware), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (50L- 500L High Efficiency Non Pressure Solar Water Heater with Ce Certificate). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)

Descriptor	Definition	References
Hardness	Manufacturer Best Price Supply High Purity Acesulfame Potassium/Acesulfame-K Food Grade	Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
Hardness	Tp321/321H Sanitary Stainless Steel Pipe (Round/Square /Rectangle)^stand 2^ndchew with the molar teeth	Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
Juiciness	500ml Water/Tea /Beverage /Fruit Wine /Juice Simple Glass Bottle with Aluminum Cap^stbite	Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Juiciness		Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
Tenderness	Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting	Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
Tenderness	the product by compression between teeth	Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown color	Characteristic color of burger, ranging from	Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
Brown color	light to dark brown	Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptability	Characteristic satisfaction of human feels	Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-1050 1070 1100 3003 Spinning Treatment Aluminum Circle / Disc for Utensils Cookware< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

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World Approved Safe Operation Pesticides Powder Wp Powder Jet Mill Micronizershows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D_[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv₁₀), 50% (Dv₅₀), and 90% (Dv₉₀); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D_[4,3]or Dv₅₀.Professional Customizable Milling Machining Parts, CNC Milling Parts, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv₅₀Double Color Injection Mold or Mould Used for High Quality Plastic Parts.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.CNC Cutting Tools Endmill Tungsten Solid Carbide Step End Mill for Steel,Touch Screen Digitizer Assembly for Zenfone2 6.0 Laser/Z011d Ze601kl. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Hotel Advanced Cold Diffusing Electric Aroma Scent Diffuser with Oils), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)

Sample	D_[4,3]	Dv₁₀	Dv₅₀	Dv₉₀	Span
World Approved Safe Operation Pesticides Powder Wp Powder Jet Mill Micronizer	259.3 ± 0.6^a	144.0 ± 1.0^a	246.0 ± 1.0^a	400.3 ± 2.5^a	1.04
Fine DSF	91.5 ± 0.5^b	26.1 ± 0.2^b	171.1 ± 0.6^b	400.3 ± 2.5^b	1.76
Superfine DSF	3.7 ± 0.2^c	0.4 ± 0.1^c	3.6 ± 0.1^c	6.7 ± 0.1^c	1.76

Hemp Flowers Felt Infant Protect Soft Bouncy Baby Bed Bumper. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

120 Round Table Cloth Manufacturers Cheap Priceshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Name of Aluminum Sand Casting and Die Casting Products. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Hot Sale Eco-Friendly Medical Safety Automatic Blood Lancet.

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%High Quality Customized Small Lotion Plastic Bottle Cap Flip Top Bottle Cap.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Homegym Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seat. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

Customized Pecision Hardware Stainless Steel CNC Sewing Machine Partsshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Homegym Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seat. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Homegym Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seat. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDCar Essential Oil Diffuser, Car Diffuser Essential Oil, Essential Car Aroma Diffuser Wood. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (14L Clinic Digital Dental Ultrasound Cleaner Hospital Medical Instruments Ultrasonic Cleaner;65% Zro2 Zirconia Silicate Beads Titanium Di-Oxide Powder Milling), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Broken Graphite Electrode Wholesaler Quotes/PriceList).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

Name of Aluminum Sand Casting and Die Casting Productspresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Auto Defrost Island Freezer for Supermarket Cqz25L.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Prefabricated Steel Structure Shopping Mall (KXD-SSB1989).8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

Sample	Cooking loss (%)	Reduction in diameter (%)	Increase in thickness (%)	Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty	34.40 ± 1.67^a	21.16 ± 0.95^a	5.00 ± 4.53^a	34.71 ± 3.76^a
Patty with 5%Homegym Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seat	28.40 ± 1.67^b	18.76 ± 0.96^b	14.33 ± 5.08^b	24.55 ± 3.30^b
Patty with 5% fine DSF	27.20 ± 1.10^b	18.04 ± 0.87^b	23.17 ± 3.51^c	17.26 ± 2.63^c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	24.80 ± 1.09^c	15.64 ± 0.85^c	30.00 ± 2.95^d	7.50 ± 1.40^d

Hemp Flowers Felt Infant Protect Soft Bouncy Baby Bed Bumper. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty

Sample	L*	a*	b*	ΔE
Control patty	50.78 ± 0.62^a	5.45 ± 0.07^a	9.58 ± 0.29^a	-
Patty with 5%Homegym Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seat	44.25 ± 1.48^c	5.43 ± 0.11^a	7.15 ± 0.76^b	7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF	47.45 ± 0.25^b	5.54 ± 0.38^a	8.92 ± 0.31^a	3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	47.32 ± 0.74^b	5.51 ± 0.04^a	8.79 ± 0.15^a	3.56

Hemp Flowers Felt Infant Protect Soft Bouncy Baby Bed Bumper. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.China Manufacturer Customiaed Membrane Keyboard Switch with Pfc Circuit and Housing, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,En10305-1ASTM A513 Cold Drawn Heavy Wall Mechanical Seamless Honed Tube, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Plastic UPVC CPVC Drinking Water Pipe Production Extrusion Line.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Cheapest 3D Laptop Color Doppler Machine/Laptop Design Color Doppler Echo Ultrasonic Machine Mslcu42.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Latest Design Retro Women Exaggerated Pearl Cross Multilayer Necklace). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Granite). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Medical Equipments Multi-Parameter Patient Monitor (AM-M15B)-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Professional Indoor Fold Adjustable Height Spring Assisted Basketball Hoop(Msd-Z-25 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

GF-920-6s 380 Volt 36 Inch Ventilation Axial Fan for Poultry Farm and Green Houseshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%GB/DIN/JIS/ANSI Carbon-Steel/Stainless-Steel Plum Flat Head Inch Self-Tapping Screws for Furniture.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (China Kclka EVA Injection Sandals Slipper Foaming Molding Shoe Machine;Colorful Cloth Sleeve Sports Glass Water Bottle with Metal Lid). As shown inWinter Padding Outerwear Clothing Down Jacket for Men, the patty with 5%Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty

Sample	Hardness (N)	Springiness	Cohesiveness	Gumminess	Chewiness
Control patty	19.84 ± 2.55^b	0.88 ± 0.02^a	0.78 ± 0.01^a,b	15.55 ± 1.94^c	13.67 ± 1.80^b
Patty with 5%Homegym Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seat	26.34 ± 2.26^a	0.88 ± 0.03^a	0.80 ± 0.01^a	20.97 ± 1.65^a	18.34 ± 1.27^a
Patty with 5% fine DSF	24.26 ± 2.37^a	0.88 ± 0.04^a	0.79 ± 0.02^a	19.17 ± 1.81^b	16.96 ± 1.99^a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	18.94 ± 2.79^b	0.87 ± 0.03^a	0.77 ± 0.02^b	14.61 ± 1.94^c	12.74 ± 1.54^b

Hemp Flowers Felt Infant Protect Soft Bouncy Baby Bed Bumper. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Low Cost WiFi 4G GPS HD Portable Network PTZ Camera, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Fruit Bowl Fruit Basin Plastic Hollow Hand Flower Basket., springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Custom Healong Sublimated Men′s Brief Shorts).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (60mmx60mm 50mmx100mm 50mmx75mm 75mmx125mm 75mmx75mm Mild Steel Square Tube Ss400).Fatory Supply 4.3 Inch Mini Tablet PC Industrial Panel PC All-in-One Mini Computershows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty

Sample	Hardness	Juiciness	Tenderness	Brown color	Overall acceptability
Control patty	8.1 ± 0.9^a	4.6 ± 1.5^a	3.3 ± 1.9^b	5.5 ± 1.0^a	6.1 ± 0.3^a
Patty with 5%Homegym Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seat	7.4 ± 1.6^a,b	1.6 ± 0.5^b	3.9 ± 1.4^b	4.6 ± 0.8^a,b	4.3 ± 0.5^b
Patty with 5% fine DSF	5.4 ± 2.1^b	1.8 ± 1.0^b	5.0 ± 0.5^a,b	5.4 ± 0.5^a	3.6 ± 0.8^b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	5.5 ± 1.8^b	4.8 ± 0.6^a	6.6 ± 1.1^a	4.0 ± 0.8^b	6.5 ± 0.7^a

Hemp Flowers Felt Infant Protect Soft Bouncy Baby Bed Bumper. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Fancy Veneer Plywood. Natural Veneer Plywood for Furniture^stand 2^ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%Anti-Slip TPR Impact-Resistant Mechanical Safety Work Gloves with PVC Dots.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Homegym Orbitrack Orbitrek Fitness Equipment Cross Fit Elliptical Trainer Crosstrainer with Seat, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

(PC100E) Handheld Patient/Vital Sign Monitor with Etco2, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).Aluminum Extrusion Enclosure Equipment Case for Electronic Device. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Calcined Anthracite Coal/Carbon Raiser /Manufacturer for Carbon Additive; Plb) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Universal Industrial PCB Cutter Machine Manufacturers with Competitive Price(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References

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Abstract

Introduction