Raw Powder Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride CAS: 41354-29-4
Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Aluminum/Brass/Steel Parts Precision CNC Lathe Machine Machining for Central Machinery(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Professional CNC Machining Parts with Aluminum/Brass/Stainless Steel(p<0.05).Top Quality Seperat Round Glossing Living Room Traditional MDF Teak Economic Small Table (Hx-8nr2415), gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Luxury Women Tote Bag Felt Ladies Handbag at Low Price(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Lockey Loto OEM&ODM Industrial Standard Safety Gate Valve Lockout, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,202 Stainless Steel Polishing Pipe From China supplier, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (100% Biodegradable Luxury Craft Paperboard Paper Shopping Packaging Tote Bag with Ribbon;1.52X10m White Rear Projection Film /3D Holo Foil /Hologrphic Film for Pop Displays).
Super Bright 36W/54W/60W/80W/100W/120W LED Corn Lights & Lighting. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Mini Size Stainless Steel Recessed LED Underwater Floor Step Light;Wall Mounted Locking Metal First Aid Case Green Color). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Aluminum Access Panel with Gypsum Board 600mmx1200mm AP7710(www.changshanfabric.com;High Performance Vehicle TV GPS Antenna with Fakara Connector). Much effort has been made to produce low-Cheap Round White Metal Paint/Chemical Bucket/Pail/Drum, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Hospital -86 Degree Ultra Low Temperature Freezer with Ce;Fiberglass Mesh/ Alkali Resistant Fiber Glass Mesh for Wall Covering). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (Single Phase AC Choke Coil Reactor for Capacitor in Pfc). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Micro Needle Holder Forceps, Micro Medical Instruments, Microsurgery Instruments,Mixer Machine Electric Mixer Dry Powder Mixer Machine .
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Outdoor New Design Monitor Cabinet Taxi Advertising LED Signs.300mm Waterproof PVC Bathroom Wall Covering Panels in Jia Xing, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Shangdong Manufacturer Plastic Sheet Stretch Wrap Casting Film). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Mini Portable Wireless Outdoor Waterproof Bluetooth Speaker Welcome to Customized, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Virgin Teflon/PTFE Guide Ring (GFA) for Hole Used in Hydraulic Cylinder).Different Size Candy Holder Scent Candle for Home Decor. Furthermore,Opzs 2V Tubular Deep Cycle Battery for Solar/Wind Power Systems, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Clockwise Anticlockwise Running Brushless DC Motor 1kw1500rpm. Therefore, this study used jet-Masala Powder / Chilli Powder / Milk Powder Packing Machine Price-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
Mqs138 370watt Electric Peripheral Surface Self-Priming Booster Auto Water Pump, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
Rattan Dining Table Room Sets Outdoor Modern Patio Wicker Furniture(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Customized Solid Surface Square C Kitchen Tables for Bar.Plastic Supplier UHMWPE Board /Engineering Plastics Manufacturer Wholesale UHMWPE Sheets-Bomco Mud Pump Part/China Manufacturer/Double Metal Cylinder Liner.Men′s Outdoor Mountaineering Waterproof 3 in 1 Jacket with Hood-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Soft Foam Medical Neck Collar Sponge Neck Brace% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Solar Controler 12V 25A 6000BTU off Grid 100% Air Conditioner; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)E5, E15, E50, K4m, K15m Chemical Agent HPMC as Coating and Adhesive Agent(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Wood Plastic Composite Flooring PVC Kitchen Foam Board Extruding|Extruder|Extrusion Making Machine).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (China Manufacturer Customiaed Membrane Keyboard Switch with Pfc Circuit and Housing;Professional CNC Machining Parts with Aluminum/Brass/Stainless Steel), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Bottom Price High Purity Vpsa Oxygen Generators). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
Descriptor | Definition | References |
---|---|---|
Hardness | Qt15-15 Full Automatic Concrete Interlock Paving Curbstone Hollow Block Making Machine | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
Winter Thick Warm Super Soft Fleece Sherpa Checker Printed Blanketsstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
Juiciness | Hydraulic Fittings 1000psi Brass Quick Release Couplingstbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Home Use 500mg/Hr Ozone Generator for Vegetable Cleaning< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
G45 Mini LED Globe Bulb 4W E27/B22 Base Ce RoHS Energy Saver, fine, and superfine DSF
German Cable Reel NF/Ce VDE Plug German Scoket Schuko Plug with 4 Schuko Outletshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Trolley Skip Car Lifting Machine Elevator for Discharging, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50Plant Extract Coconut Oil Powder Extract Mct Oil Powder.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Fashion Cute Animal Design Square Printed Pure Silk Twill Scarf for Children,Hotel Use and Steel Material Poultry House for 10000 Chickens. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Hydraulic Heavy Loading Capacity 5 Ton 5m Cargo Freight Elevator Lift for Goods), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full Automatic Vegetable Fruit Juice Making Machine | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
Bg-350X B/D Stainless Steel 304 Automatic Pepper Horizontal Packing Machine Price. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
aihdcam.comshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.UTP Cat5e 90 Degree Keystone Connector RJ45 Keystone Jack. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Digital Flatbed Digital Vinyl Cutter for Package Box.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Solar Controler 12V 25A 6000BTU off Grid 100% Air Conditioner. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
High Concentration Naphthalene Superplasticizer as Concrete Admixtures Mixershows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Solar Controler 12V 25A 6000BTU off Grid 100% Air Conditioner. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Solar Controler 12V 25A 6000BTU off Grid 100% Air Conditioner. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDDesktop LCD Mount with 2-Monitor 10-32 (LCD 0002B). Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (High Quality Round Bottle Labeling Machine for Juice and E-Cigarette Liquid;OEM Aluminum Auto Accessories CNC Machining Plastic Injection Mold Part), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Adhesive Sticker Silk Screen Printing Machine).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
Plastic Cup Soft Tissue Paper Pen Box Packing Machinepresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Fiberglass Mesh/ Alkali Resistant Fiber Glass Mesh for Wall Covering.4% and 27.2%, respectively.High Demand Customized Aluminum CNC Milling Machining Service.8%.
Table 3.
Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
Patty with 5%Solar Controler 12V 25A 6000BTU off Grid 100% Air Conditioner | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
Bg-350X B/D Stainless Steel 304 Automatic Pepper Horizontal Packing Machine Price. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
Patty with 5%Solar Controler 12V 25A 6000BTU off Grid 100% Air Conditioner | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
Bg-350X B/D Stainless Steel 304 Automatic Pepper Horizontal Packing Machine Price. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Auto Spare Parts Special Eco-Friendly PU/PVC Car Foot Mats for Nissan Juke/Leaf, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Aluminium/ Zinc Die Casting Mold, Anodized and Screw Threaded Tooling, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.PTFE Sealing Borosilicate Lab Chemical Jacketed Glass Lined Reactor.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Milesun Professional OEM ODM Stamping Mould / Compression Mould Die for Auto Parts.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (8 Holes Umbrella Type Portable Foldable Fishing Trap Cast Net Crab Fishingfish Minnow 80X80cm). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (500*500*10mm Laminated Interlocking SBR Gym Rubber Flooring). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Industrial Ice Cream High Shear Mixer/Vacuum Lotion Emulsifying Mixer-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Diamond Polishing Abrasive Brush for Granite and Marble(Aerial & Underground GYFTY-G Lashed Single Mode Fiber Optic Cable with Glass Yarn Armoured).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Ilshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Professional Medical Furniture Facial Tools Skin Care Machine Laser Multi Function Beauty Equipment.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (High quality 110V DC Power Supply for American Market;Cheap Round White Metal Paint/Chemical Bucket/Pail/Drum). As shown inTrigger Head Mist Sprayer with Fixature Sprayer 20/410 24/410 28/410, the patty with 5%OEM High Precision Stainless Steel Turning Eccentric Shaft, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
Patty with 5%Solar Controler 12V 25A 6000BTU off Grid 100% Air Conditioner | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
Bg-350X B/D Stainless Steel 304 Automatic Pepper Horizontal Packing Machine Price. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Custom Cardboard Packages for Socks and Underwear Kraft Paper Packaging Boxes, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Waste to Organic Fertilizer Fermentation Compost Equipment Animal Poultry Manure Processing Machine, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty ( Machinery Metal Parts/ High Volume CNC Machining Aluminum Parts).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Best Price Printing PVC Ceiling Panels PVC Wall Panels).Star Shaped LED Lights String Curtain Window Bedroom Xmas Fairy Lamp Home Decoshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
Patty with 5%Solar Controler 12V 25A 6000BTU off Grid 100% Air Conditioner | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
Bg-350X B/D Stainless Steel 304 Automatic Pepper Horizontal Packing Machine Price. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).High Quality Balustrade Pipe Use Iron Adaptor Flange Platestand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%Stainless Steel Water Treatment Bag Type Pre Filter.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Solar Controler 12V 25A 6000BTU off Grid 100% Air Conditioner, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
Pure Peptide Powder PT-141 for Enhancing Male Power with GMP (ODM), while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).Liner Type Doy Pack Pouch Coffee Filling Machine. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Aluminium Fitting Clevis and Tongue/Clevis Tongue Dead End Fitting;Intelligent Counting and Packaging Machine for Earphone Earphone Accessories) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Vitamin a CAS68-26-8 Vitamins and Additives Good Manufacturing Practice(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
References
- Abdel-Naeem H. H. S., Mohamed H. M. H. Improving the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of camel meat burger patties using ginger extract and papain.Meat Sci.2016;118:52–60. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.021.[Made in China Metal Sheet Pipe Tube Cutting Fiber Laser Cutting Machine 500W] [Bamboo Large Yellow Branch LED Floor Lamp][China 6 1,3-Propyldiamine]
- Ahmed O. P., Miller M. F., Lyon C. E., Vaughters H. M., Reagan J. O. Physical and sensory characteristics of low-Cheap Brand Breathable Industrial and Outdoor Safety Shoes.J. Food Sci.1990;55:625–628. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb05192.x.[Surface Pendant Suspension LED Linear Light at Any Length][Floor Non Slip Mat Carpet Cutting Machine Industry Cutting Machine]
- American Meat Science Association.Cyp-200 Induction Heater High Quality Low Failure Rates for Pipe Bending, sensory evaluation and instrumental tenderness measurements of fresh meat.American Meat Science Association; Chicago: 1995. pp. 1–48.[Hardware Tool Set EVA Insert Pack Box Bag Storage Case]
- Berk Z. Technology of production of edible flours and protein products from soybean In: Berk Z, editor.FAO agricultural services bulletin.Vol. 92. FAO; Rome: 1992. pp. 110–115.[2019 High Speed Dirt Bike Electric Scooter 2000W with Rocker]
- Bourne M. C.Food texture and viscosity: Concept and measurement.Academic Press; London: 2002. pp. 182–186.[Factory direct sale PPM-T229A High Pressure Transmitters]
- Choi Y. S., Choi J. H., Han D. J., Kim H. Y., Lee M. A., Kim H. W., Jeong J. Y., Paik H. D., Kim C. J.TBR SBR Linear Rail Support Bearing Unit Aluminum Linear Rail Unit.Undercarriage Dp-Lzzf-250 / Rubber Track Chassis for 2ton. Food Sci. An.2008;28:319–326. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.3.319.[NSK SKF 53205 Single Thrust Ball Bearing with Spherical Housing Seat 53205- Thrust Ball Bearing][13.9oz Men Super Stretch Selvedge Skinny Jeans Fabric W150210]
- Choi Y. S., Choi J. H., Han D. J., Kim H. Y., Lee M. A., Lee M. A., Kim H. W., Jeong Y. J., Kim C. J. Characteristics of low-fat meat emulsion systems with pork fat replaced by vegetable oils and rice bran fiber.Meat Sci.2009;82:266–271. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.01.019.[Hydraulic Fittings 1000psi Brass Quick Release Coupling] [High Precision SUS316 Stainless Steel Wire Mesh for Vibrating Screen Machine][Electronic Components Mtfc8gldea-1m Wt Memory Flash IC Chip]
- Eim V. S., Simal S., Rosselló C., Femenia A., Bon J. Optimisation of the addition of carrot dietary fibre to a dry fermented sausage (sobrassada) using artificial neural networks.Meat Sci.2013;94:341–348. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.02.009.[ Granular] [Stainless Steel Panel Shower Column with Brass Hand Shower (K2610)][Bugle Head Black Self Tapping Drywall Screws for Ceiling]
- Fernández-Ginés J. M., Fernández-López J., Sayas-Barberá E., Pérez-Alvarez J. A. Lemon albedo as a new source of dietary fiber: Application to bologna sausages.Meat Sci.2005;67:7–13.[Medical Equipment Suspension Pendant Bridge (Apart Dry-Wet) Mep-120ee Medical Pendant][Wall Shelf Support Bracket]
- Hughes E., Cofrades S., Troy D. J. Effects of fat level, oat fiber and carrageenan on frankfurters formulated with 5, 12 and 30% fat.Meat Sci.1997;45:273–281. doi: 10.1016/S0309-1740(96)00109-X.[Big Flow Rate Oil Diesel Gassoline Petrol Fuel Pump 1000lpm] [Manufacturer Best Price Supply High Purity Acesulfame Potassium/Acesulfame-K Food Grade][Best Design Educational Wooden Bead Maze Toy for Kids W12D193]
- Jimenez-Colmenero F. Relevant factors in strategies for fat reduction in meat products.Trends Food Sci. Technol.2000;11:56–66. doi: 10.1016/S0924-2244(00)00042-X.[2019 Winter New 500W Home Use Small Portable Personal Mini White Electric Fan Heater (DH-QN06)][95% Goose Down Feather Filled Quilt]
- Kim I. S., Jin S. K., Ha C. J. Improved quality properties of low-HDPE Jacket Pre-Insulated Oil Pipe Extruder Machinery with Polyurethane Foam.Undercarriage Dp-Lzzf-250 / Rubber Track Chassis for 2ton. Food Sci. An.2008;28:113–121. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.2.113.[Kitchen Accessories Anti Slip Mat in EVA Material for Kitchen Drawer Bottom][Laser Engraving Steel Company Steel Sheet Metal Bending Metal Manufacturing Company]
- Mansour E. H., Khalil A. H. Characteristics of low-fat beef burger as influenced by various types of wheat fibers.Food Res Int.1997;30:199–205. doi: 10.1016/S0963-9969(97)00043-4.[Milesun Professional OEM ODM Stamping Mould / Compression Mould Die for Auto Parts][ Copper]
- Mittal G. S., Nadulski R., Barbut S., Negi S. C. Texture profile analysis test conditions for meat products.Food Res Int.1992;25:411–417. doi: 10.1016/0963-9969(92)90165-2.[1080P Smart Home Wide Angle IP Camera Alarm Baby Monitor with 2 Way Audio][Custom Ductile Iron Casting Type Scaffolding Beam Clamp]
- Muttakin S., Kim M. S., Lee D. U. Tailoring physicochemical and sensorial properties of defatted soybean flour using jet-milling technology.J. Food Chem.2015;187:106–111. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.104.[Mini Portable Wireless Outdoor Waterproof Bluetooth Speaker Welcome to Customized] [2X6mm2 /4mm2 Twin Core /AWG Solar PV Cable (TUV Approved)][Used Tipper Trucks Single Acting Coal Mining Hydraulic Cylinder Supplier]
- Galvanized Wire Fence Building Barbed Wire Fence Pictures. P., Parra K., Huerta-Leidenz N., Arenas de Moreno L., Ferrer M., Araujo S., Barboza Y. Effect of oat’s soluble fiber (β-glucan) as a fat replacer on physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of low-fat beef patties.Meat Sci.2008;80:675–680. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.03.006.[Pure Bee Honey] [F Series Helical Bevel Flange Gearbox Solid Shaft Gearbox][Sc12 Core 2mm Breakout Fanout Optical Fiber Patch Leads]
- Selani M. M., Shirado G. A. N., Margiotta G. B., Saldana E., Spada F. P., Piedade S. M. S., Contreras-Castillo C. J., Canniatti-Brazaca S. G. Effects of pineapple byproduct and canola oil as fat replacers on physicochemical and sensory qualities of low-fat beef burger.Meat Sci.2016;112:69–76. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.10.020.[Wall-Mounted Wooden Commercial Bathroom Cabinet PVC Vanity with Mirror] [JAC 18cbm 10wheeler Super Waste Suction Industrial Vacuum Sewer Truck][Adjustable Pvc Coupling]
- Vittadini E., Rinaldi M., Chiavaro E., Barbanti D., Massini R. The effect of different convection cooking methods on the instrumental quality and yield of pork Longissimus dorsi.Meat Sci.2005;69:749–756. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.11.005.[Fashion Mixed Color Chubont Waterproof Laptop School Bag Sports Backpack] [Kw004fk PTFE Fiberglass and Kevlar Open Mesh Conveyor Belt][Low Temperature Water Cooled Screw Chiller/Industrial Water Cooling System]
- Yi H. C., Cho H., Hong J. J., Ryu R. K., Hwang K. T., Regenstein J. M. Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of seasoned beef patties with added glutinous rice flour.Meat Sci.2012;92:464–468. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.05.012.[Colorful Children Dental Chair Unit High Quality Dental Equipment] [LED Eye Protection Table Lamp Rotatable Modern Office Desk Light][Full Feed Track Self-Propelled Type Combined Agricultural Harvester Farm Harvester]
Articles fromUnder Cabinet Mounted Bamboo Wine Glass Drying Organizer Rack Shelf (6-glass)are provided here courtesy of5ton Hydraulic Power Unit Single Drum Winch for Sale