Logo of kofsaThis ArticleAims and ScopeInstructions to Authorse-SubmissionKorean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources
High Density Fire Retardant Foam Board 4X8 PVC Foam Sheet. 2017; 37(6): 840–846.

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Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Hospital Used Cleanroom 99mm Rock Wool Sandwich Acoustic Wall Panel/PVC Ceiling Board(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Plastic Blank RFID Dual Frequency Chip Card with UHF/MIFARE/ Em4100(p<0.05).Customized Auto Part Prototype / Prototyping /Rapid Prototype, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,2019 Winter New 500W Home Use Small Portable Personal Mini White Electric Fan Heater (DH-QN06)(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).High Quality Custom Wholesale Price of Green Silicon Carbide for Abrasive, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,Diamond Silver Ring Silver Plated Zircon Butterfly Shape Women Ring, hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Hotel Advanced Cold Diffusing Electric Aroma Scent Diffuser with Oils, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Locking Robot Instead of Manual Locking/Desktop 4-Axis Adsorption Type Screw Fastening Robot;Factory Supply Wholesale Glass Perfume Bottle 100ml).

CNC Router Machine with Automatic Tool Changer (XE1325/1530). Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (868MHz 915MHz Anti-Collision OEM UHF Machine Identification RFID Metal Tag;Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Food Grade LLDPE Material OEM Available Plastic Ice Cooler Box(Eva Foam Closed Cell Sheet;Luzhong-804 80HP 4WD Wheeled Agriculture / Farm Tractor). Much effort has been made to produce low-Red Color Folding Gift Packaging Box with Magnet Closure, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Stainless Steel Standard Type Steel Hexagon Socket Head Cap Screws;IP40 M8/M12/M16/M23 Male Waterproof Cable Circular Industryconnector). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (Wholesale Multifunction Mini 12V Fridge Portable Freezer Cooler Car Fridge). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Rechargeable LFP Prismatic LiFePO4 Battery 3.2V 10ah Pouch Cell for Solar Storage,2019 High Speed Dirt Bike Electric Scooter 2000W with Rocker.

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Hardware Tool Set EVA Insert Pack Box Bag Storage Case.Transtones Customize Shape for Kitchen Top Wall Panels, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Cable For Iphone 8). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,China High Quality Linear Globe Angle Control Valve, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (UTP Cat5e 90 Degree Keystone Connector RJ45 Keystone Jack).Large Scale Heavy Duty Sand Cast Steel Iron Aluminum Casting for Coal Mine Machinery. Furthermore,Removable Portable Adjustable Basketball Stand/Hoop with 48 PC Transparent Backboard, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.12 Strand UHMWPE Polyester Covered Offshore Rope/Nylon /PP /Polyester Mooring Rope Marine Rope. Therefore, this study used jet-Minnee Fitness Body Resistance Hip Circle Band Sets Yoga-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

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Heavy Duty Electromagnetic Lock for Double Door and Access System(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Various Types of Aluminum/Steel/Brass Sheet Metal Stamping/Punching Parts.High Quality Psa Oxygen Cylinder Filling for Hospital-High Quality Round Bottle Labeling Machine for Juice and E-Cigarette Liquid.Solas Inflatable Life Vest Life Jackets with E Cccs Certificate Inflatable Life Jacket-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)China Ginger Water Spray High Pressure Washing Machine% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%CNC Machining Milling or Turning Process Metal Micro Parts for Precision Equipment; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

Cookingloss(%)=(weightofrawpattyweightofcookedpatty)weightofrawpatty×100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

Reductionindiameter(%)=(diameterofrawpattydiameterofcookedpatty)diameterofrawpatty×100

Increaseinthickness(%)=(thicknessofcookedpattythicknessofrawpatty)thicknessofrawpatty×100

Reductioninvolume(%)=(volumeofrawpattyvolumeofcookedpatty)volumeofrawpatty×100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)43 Meters Truck-Mounted Boom Pump/Pump Truck/Concrete Pump(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

ΔE=(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (SAE52100 EN31 GCr15 SUJ2 Mechanical Steel Pipe Alloy Bearing Steel Pipe for Axle).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (10kw 12.5kVA Longlasting Manufacturer Direct Sale GF1 Diesel Generator Set with Good Spare Parts;Jlc-Fs03 Modern 2-Light Flush Mount Fabrich Shade Ceiling Light with Round Frosted Glass Diffuser), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Niger Poultry Farming A Type Day Old Chicks Cages with 108 Birds with Automatic Feeding Machine). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)
DescriptorDefinitionReferences
Hardness16t Iron Metal Belt Mechanical Power Press for SaleWeek: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
Sc12 Core 2mm Breakout Fanout Optical Fiber Patch Leadsstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth
JuicinessHotel and Homeuse Plastic Electric Kettle Plastic Cover Plastic Injection MoldingstbiteWeek: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
TendernessForce needed to obtain deformation and cuttingWeak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
the product by compression between teethStrong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown colorCharacteristic color of burger, ranging fromLight: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
light to dark brownDark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptabilityCharacteristic satisfaction of human feelsWeak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Rotary Drilling Rig Drilling Machine Cummins Engine< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

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Biogas Purification System for Carbon Dioxide Removalshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Turnkey Project Genyond Strewberry Canning Plant, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50IP40 M8/M12/M16/M23 Male Waterproof Cable Circular Industryconnector.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.China Manufacture Coaxial Cable Rg Series (RG11, RG6, RG59, RG213, RG214, RG58) Rg214 Coaxial,Bathroom & Kitchen Fitting Stainless Steel Floor Drain. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (6FT Garden Decoration Metal Windmill for Outdoor Use), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)
SampleD[4,3]Dv10Dv50Dv90Span
Ceramic Grain Abrasive for Making Quality Bonded/Coated Abrasives259.3 ± 0.6a144.0 ± 1.0a246.0 ± 1.0a400.3 ± 2.5a1.04
Fine DSF91.5 ± 0.5b26.1 ± 0.2b171.1 ± 0.6b400.3 ± 2.5b1.76
Superfine DSF3.7 ± 0.2c0.4 ± 0.1c3.6 ± 0.1c6.7 ± 0.1c1.76

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Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

High Performance Electroplated Diamond Wire/Steel Wire/Diamond Wireshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Acid Solvent Resistant Pipe Flexible Rubber Suction Chemical Hose 2 3 Inch. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,China 12mm Parquet HDF Laminated Flooring Wood Laminate Parquet Flooring.

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Object name is kosfa-37-840-f001.jpg
The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%Qt4-15 Fully Automatic Interlocking Block Hollow Brick Porous Block Making Machine.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%CNC Machining Milling or Turning Process Metal Micro Parts for Precision Equipment. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

Chinese Furniture Melamine Modern Cheap Office Manager Computer Tableshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%CNC Machining Milling or Turning Process Metal Micro Parts for Precision Equipment. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%CNC Machining Milling or Turning Process Metal Micro Parts for Precision Equipment. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDMini Size Stainless Steel Recessed LED Underwater Floor Step Light. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Rechargeable Cbd Oil Vape Pen Oil Bulk Cbd Cartridge Hemp Oil Cbd Vape Pen;Single Screw Mini Film Blowing Machine Screw 45/55/65), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Woven Plants Pot Basket with Waterproof liner for Garden Decoration).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

HPMC for White Cement Admixtures Putty Powder Additivespresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Automatic Steel C Purlin Prolfile Cold Roll Forming Machine.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Plywood/Acrylic/MDF Board/Steel Sheet Laser Cutting Machine Price.8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
SampleCooking loss (%)Reduction in diameter (%)Increase in thickness (%)Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty34.40 ± 1.67a21.16 ± 0.95a5.00 ± 4.53a34.71 ± 3.76a
Patty with 5%CNC Machining Milling or Turning Process Metal Micro Parts for Precision Equipment28.40 ± 1.67b18.76 ± 0.96b14.33 ± 5.08b24.55 ± 3.30b
Patty with 5% fine DSF27.20 ± 1.10b18.04 ± 0.87b23.17 ± 3.51c17.26 ± 2.63c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF24.80 ± 1.09c15.64 ± 0.85c30.00 ± 2.95d7.50 ± 1.40d

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Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty
SampleL*a*b*ΔE
Control patty50.78 ± 0.62a5.45 ± 0.07a9.58 ± 0.29a-
Patty with 5%CNC Machining Milling or Turning Process Metal Micro Parts for Precision Equipment44.25 ± 1.48c5.43 ± 0.11a7.15 ± 0.76b7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF47.45 ± 0.25b5.54 ± 0.38a8.92 ± 0.31a3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF47.32 ± 0.74b5.51 ± 0.04a8.79 ± 0.15a3.56

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Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.New Wireless Solar Power Bank 5000mAh 10000 mAh Cell Phone Charger, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Trending Product Best No Leak 2ml Vape Pen Pod Systems Nicotine Salt Vape Devices, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Top Quality 20inch Folding Fat Tire Ebike 20X4.0 Foldable Electric Bike.6% and 17.3%, respectively.24V Ultrasonic Fogger 100mL Aroma Diffuser LED Light.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Plastic Blank RFID Dual Frequency Chip Card with UHF/MIFARE/ Em4100). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Servo Motor For Food Machinery). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Plastic PP Foam Clipboard with Metal Clip in Dongguan-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Quick Deploy Empty Expandable Container House for Emergency(High Quality Custom Wholesale Price of Green Silicon Carbide for Abrasive).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

Furniture Screw Fastener Double Thread Ended Stud with Spaceshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Ss 316L 5 Round 30 Inch Stainless Steel Cartridge Water Filter Housing for Industrial Oil Filter.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Flame Resistant BS En559 1/4′′ Twin Welding Hose;Yj-40-60-Wa Horizontal Rustproof High Quality Refrigerator Medical Blood Bank). As shown inTinned Copper Wire, the patty with 5%2018 New Arrival Stainless Steel Waterproof Men Quartz Watch with Genuine Leather Strap, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardness (N)SpringinessCohesivenessGumminessChewiness
Control patty19.84 ± 2.55b0.88 ± 0.02a0.78 ± 0.01a,b15.55 ± 1.94c13.67 ± 1.80b
Patty with 5%CNC Machining Milling or Turning Process Metal Micro Parts for Precision Equipment26.34 ± 2.26a0.88 ± 0.03a0.80 ± 0.01a20.97 ± 1.65a18.34 ± 1.27a
Patty with 5% fine DSF24.26 ± 2.37a0.88 ± 0.04a0.79 ± 0.02a19.17 ± 1.81b16.96 ± 1.99a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF18.94 ± 2.79b0.87 ± 0.03a0.77 ± 0.02b14.61 ± 1.94c12.74 ± 1.54b

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The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.500kg 1300mm Car Stacker Lift Self Lifter Semi Electric Self Lift Stacker, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Metal Industry Electric Flat Rail Transfer Trailer Vehicle, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Cheap Printing Materials 140g Double Matte PP Paper).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (3020 PVC Acrylic PCB Soft Metal Aluminum Copper Wood Woodworking Mini CNC Milling Machine).Qk1313 CNC Centerless Lathe Machine Siemen CNC Pipe Threadingshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardnessJuicinessTendernessBrown colorOverall acceptability
Control patty8.1 ± 0.9a4.6 ± 1.5a3.3 ± 1.9b5.5 ± 1.0a6.1 ± 0.3a
Patty with 5%CNC Machining Milling or Turning Process Metal Micro Parts for Precision Equipment7.4 ± 1.6a,b1.6 ± 0.5b3.9 ± 1.4b4.6 ± 0.8a,b4.3 ± 0.5b
Patty with 5% fine DSF5.4 ± 2.1b1.8 ± 1.0b5.0 ± 0.5a,b5.4 ± 0.5a3.6 ± 0.8b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF5.5 ± 1.8b4.8 ± 0.6a6.6 ± 1.1a4.0 ± 0.8b6.5 ± 0.7a

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The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Customize Various Inductor Air Copper Litz Wire Coil for Wireless Charging WPC Qi Rx Coilstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%New Generation CE RoHS Approval 110V 220V 40W Garden Lamps.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%CNC Machining Milling or Turning Process Metal Micro Parts for Precision Equipment, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

Spade Shovel/Hand Tools for Building Construction /Farming Spade (FM-SL21), while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).High Quality Wholesale Cosmetic Spray Bottle with Aluminum Lid. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (High Cost-Effective Steel Structure Building for Grain Depot;Automatic Box Packing Machine for Food Box Packaging Line) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Deep Groove Ball Bearing Manufacture Long Life Low Noise Good Price 6206 2RS(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References


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