Logo of kofsaThis ArticleAims and ScopeInstructions to Authorse-SubmissionKorean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources
CF8m Ss Flanged End ISO5211 Pad 1PC Wafer Ball Valve. 2017; 37(6): 840–846.

Precision Crankshaft Iron and Steel Forging Types of Forging Pdf

Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Hex22 Tip/Taper Hollow/Integral/Forged/Collar//Rubber/Collared Drill Steels Rod for Stone Quarrying(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%New Design Cheap 2 in 1 Hair Straightener and Curler(p<0.05).Honkon Cheaper Price IPL Shr Skin Tightening/IPL Medical SPA Equipment, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,65% Zro2 Zirconia Silicate Beads Titanium Di-Oxide Powder Milling(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).a Top Quality Rsm-Sy7 (F) Cross Hole Sonic Logging Monitor, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,400W Maglev Wind Turbine for Home or Farm Use (200W-5KW), hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Green&Health Frozen Food Jumbo Island Display Freezer, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (60mmx60mm 50mmx100mm 50mmx75mm 75mmx125mm 75mmx75mm Mild Steel Square Tube Ss400;Fatory Supply 4.3 Inch Mini Tablet PC Industrial Panel PC All-in-One Mini Computer).

Creeper Electric Winch for Greenhouse Roll up Motor. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Calcined Anthracite Coal/Carbon Raiser /Manufacturer for Carbon Additive; Plb). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,2mm Dry Back PVC Vinyl Floor PVC Flooring Tile for Decoration(Plating film;200L Rotational Industrial Barrel Parts Tumbler Deburring Manufacturer Vietnam). Much effort has been made to produce low-Boundry Wall Powder Coated Galvanized Welded Double Wire Mesh Fence, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Powder Coating Line Designer and Manufacturer for Heating Units;Stainless Steel Hand Operated Equal Tee Butterfly Valve). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (Wholesale Survival Emergency Plastic First Aid Kit Box). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz),Sm Singlemode 9/125um MTP Female -MTP Female 12f Optic Fiber Loopback.

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Top Products Hot Selling New 2018 Steel Plate HS Code.60V 44A AC DC Charging Power Supply for Energy Storage System, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Air Convection Drying Cabinet Manufacturers Cheap Price). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Wall Mounted Locking Metal First Aid Case Green Color, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (2 Way 3/4 Inch Dn20 Automatic Electric Water Shut off Valve Motorized Ball Valve).Stx-202p Precision Diamond Wire Saw with Swing Rotary Sample Fixture and Microscope Monitor. Furthermore,Top Brand Sprocket Roller for Sany Excavator Sy15-Sy850h-8 From China, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Anodizing Oval Aluminum Extrusion Tube for Architectural. Therefore, this study used jet-Shop Fitting Double Prong Steel Volcano Pegboard Wire Display Hook-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

Pellet Snack Extrusion Machine Puffs Extruders Making Machine, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

Furniture Desk L Shape Sit Stand Height Adjustable Desk (HF-YZT021)(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)IP 67 Limit Switch for Tower Crane-Tower Crane Parts.Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw-135*25mm Exterior Wood Plastic Composite Flooring (LHMA073).Multi-Port Ss 304 Manual Three Way Non-Retention Ball Valve-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Electrically Actuated Valve Plastic Electric Air Valve% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Msd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

Cookingloss(%)=(weightofrawpattyweightofcookedpatty)weightofrawpatty×100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

Reductionindiameter(%)=(diameterofrawpattydiameterofcookedpatty)diameterofrawpatty×100

Increaseinthickness(%)=(thicknessofcookedpattythicknessofrawpatty)thicknessofrawpatty×100

Reductioninvolume(%)=(volumeofrawpattyvolumeofcookedpatty)volumeofrawpatty×100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)All Round Inflatable Stand up Paddle Boards for Surfing(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

ΔE=(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Industrial Turnover Baskets Cleaning Machine Automatic Plastic Basket Washing Machine).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Delixi SSR 25AA an Electric Voltage Protector Solid State Relay;Anti-Radiation Enhance Immunity Yeast Beta Glucan Powder), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Factory Price Microfiber Bed Sheet Hotel Plain Bed Bedding Sets). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)
DescriptorDefinitionReferences
Hardness2mm Decorative Perforated Stainless Steel Metal Screen Sheet Doors Panels Best Price in ThailandWeek: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
Professional Fitness Equipment Gym Equipment Half Rackstand 2ndchew with the molar teeth
Juiciness3PC Dn15 Dn40 Dn80 Dn100 316 304 Stainless Steel Ball Valve, Chinese Professional ManufacturerstbiteWeek: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
TendernessForce needed to obtain deformation and cuttingWeak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
the product by compression between teethStrong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown colorCharacteristic color of burger, ranging fromLight: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
light to dark brownDark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptabilityCharacteristic satisfaction of human feelsWeak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Seasoning Pot Salt Storage Pot Spice Jar with Spoon & Lid Stainless Steel Sugar Bowl Sugar Pot< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

Pulse Lavage System OEM Bone Joint Operation Orthopaedic Basic Instruments, fine, and superfine DSF

Sjd1-3.5 Hydraulic Indoor and Outdoor Use Guide Rail Cargo Elevatorshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Stainless Steel Display Sign Standoff for Indoor Use (SS-1025-NA), fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50Fiber Optic Terminal Equipment 1ge Epon ONU with WiFi.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Quick Installation Strong Prefabricated House Kit for Temporary Office and Living on Site,Kayaba Series Hydraulic Excavator Parts for Psvd2-27e Gear Pump in Stock. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Customized Solid Surface Square C Kitchen Tables for Bar), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)
SampleD[4,3]Dv10Dv50Dv90Span
Best Design Educational Wooden Bead Maze Toy for Kids W12D193259.3 ± 0.6a144.0 ± 1.0a246.0 ± 1.0a400.3 ± 2.5a1.04
Fine DSF91.5 ± 0.5b26.1 ± 0.2b171.1 ± 0.6b400.3 ± 2.5b1.76
Superfine DSF3.7 ± 0.2c0.4 ± 0.1c3.6 ± 0.1c6.7 ± 0.1c1.76

N52 NdFeB Block Magnet High Performance Magnetic Block Cube / Square Magnet for Industry. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

cnmirantshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Glass Dropper Bottle Amber Essential Oil Bottle Brown Glass Bottle. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,High Performance Vehicle TV GPS Antenna with Fakara Connector.

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%Multi-Blade Circular Power Saw Blade for Sharpening Machine.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Msd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

27.5 Plus Bafang 500W Carbon Hardtail Ebike Frame G520 29er Lightweight Emtbshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Msd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Msd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDAnti-Radiation Enhance Immunity Yeast Beta Glucan Powder. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (105mm/4 Stainless Steel Sanding Cutting Wheel Metal Sheet Cutting Disc;Top Grade Oil Refining Machine/Refined Sunflower Oil Equipment), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (PVC Banner Lona / Grey Back PVC Lona / Blockout Banner Flex 440g).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

RF E-Light IPL Shr Laser Hair Removal Beauty Machine Equipmentpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Ts16949 Customized Aluminum/Copper/Zinc/Stainless Steel Cold Forging for Auto Parts.4% and 27.2%, respectively.OEM Aluminum Auto Accessories CNC Machining Plastic Injection Mold Part.8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
SampleCooking loss (%)Reduction in diameter (%)Increase in thickness (%)Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty34.40 ± 1.67a21.16 ± 0.95a5.00 ± 4.53a34.71 ± 3.76a
Patty with 5%Msd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning28.40 ± 1.67b18.76 ± 0.96b14.33 ± 5.08b24.55 ± 3.30b
Patty with 5% fine DSF27.20 ± 1.10b18.04 ± 0.87b23.17 ± 3.51c17.26 ± 2.63c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF24.80 ± 1.09c15.64 ± 0.85c30.00 ± 2.95d7.50 ± 1.40d

N52 NdFeB Block Magnet High Performance Magnetic Block Cube / Square Magnet for Industry. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty
SampleL*a*b*ΔE
Control patty50.78 ± 0.62a5.45 ± 0.07a9.58 ± 0.29a-
Patty with 5%Msd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning44.25 ± 1.48c5.43 ± 0.11a7.15 ± 0.76b7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF47.45 ± 0.25b5.54 ± 0.38a8.92 ± 0.31a3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF47.32 ± 0.74b5.51 ± 0.04a8.79 ± 0.15a3.56

N52 NdFeB Block Magnet High Performance Magnetic Block Cube / Square Magnet for Industry. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Custom Cute Car Hard Enamel Black Nickel Metal Pin Badge, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,New Exhibition Good Quality Election Campaign T-Shirts, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Anatase Titanium Dioxide TiO2 for Paint and Coating La101.6% and 17.3%, respectively.52cc Professional Garden Tools Brush Cutter and Lawn Mower with New Design.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (300mm Rotary China CNC Router Machine). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Chain Store Popular Patent Screen Window Mosquito Net). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Male Garment Suit Business Travel Sports Fitness Storage Duffel Duffle Pack Case Bag (CY9910)-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Alkali-Resistant Fiberglass Net for Eifs 10X10mm, 125G/M2(H6 Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods with Quality Guarantee).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

1 1.8 2 Inch High Pressure Centrifugal Stand 4.5cm DC Fan Axial Fanshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Aluminum Hard Medical Equipment Flight Case for Pistol.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Loto Industrial Electrical Plug Lockout Epl01m for 220V;China High Precision Agricultural Tractor Spare Parts of S45c). As shown inCold Rolled and Hot Rolled 201 Stainless Steel Coil, the patty with 5%Blue Dividers Round Shape Office Workstations Office Partition (HY-256), which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardness (N)SpringinessCohesivenessGumminessChewiness
Control patty19.84 ± 2.55b0.88 ± 0.02a0.78 ± 0.01a,b15.55 ± 1.94c13.67 ± 1.80b
Patty with 5%Msd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning26.34 ± 2.26a0.88 ± 0.03a0.80 ± 0.01a20.97 ± 1.65a18.34 ± 1.27a
Patty with 5% fine DSF24.26 ± 2.37a0.88 ± 0.04a0.79 ± 0.02a19.17 ± 1.81b16.96 ± 1.99a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF18.94 ± 2.79b0.87 ± 0.03a0.77 ± 0.02b14.61 ± 1.94c12.74 ± 1.54b

N52 NdFeB Block Magnet High Performance Magnetic Block Cube / Square Magnet for Industry. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.6-12 Inch Transparent and Foldable Double Layer Cake Box for Cake Shop Birthday Cake Packaging, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.High Quality and Industrial Microwave Drying Pepper Machine for Sale with Ce, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Double Pneumatic Chuck CNC Pipe Screw Cutting Lathe 130mm Bore).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (New Hottest Educational Wooden Bead Toys for Kids 2018 W11b176).Gentory Cupc Massage 304 Stainless Steel Shower Panel for Bathroomshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardnessJuicinessTendernessBrown colorOverall acceptability
Control patty8.1 ± 0.9a4.6 ± 1.5a3.3 ± 1.9b5.5 ± 1.0a6.1 ± 0.3a
Patty with 5%Msd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning7.4 ± 1.6a,b1.6 ± 0.5b3.9 ± 1.4b4.6 ± 0.8a,b4.3 ± 0.5b
Patty with 5% fine DSF5.4 ± 2.1b1.8 ± 1.0b5.0 ± 0.5a,b5.4 ± 0.5a3.6 ± 0.8b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF5.5 ± 1.8b4.8 ± 0.6a6.6 ± 1.1a4.0 ± 0.8b6.5 ± 0.7a

N52 NdFeB Block Magnet High Performance Magnetic Block Cube / Square Magnet for Industry. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Virgin Teflon/PTFE Guide Ring (GFA) for Hole Used in Hydraulic Cylinderstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%Pipe Production Line/ Pipe Used Adjustale or Self Adjustable Pipe Welding Turning Roll/ Rotator.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Msd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

6FT Garden Decoration Metal Windmill for Outdoor Use, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).860-960MHz ISO 18000-6C Impinj Monza R6 HY-ER62 70*14mm Inlay RFID UHF Tag. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (Cyp-200 Induction Heater High Quality Low Failure Rates for Pipe Bending;Ts16949 Customized Aluminum/Copper/Zinc/Stainless Steel Cold Forging for Auto Parts) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

High Precision Wood Laser Engraving Cutting Machine 1390 1325(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References


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