Logo of kofsaThis ArticleAims and ScopeInstructions to Authorse-SubmissionKorean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources
Bohemia Clip Sunflower Earring Round Shape Pearl Rhinestone (ESG11638). 2017; 37(6): 840–846.
Published online 2017 Dec 31.doi:vtimejewelry.com

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Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Tumble Shot Blasting Machine with Rubber Belt Conveyor(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Green&Health European Style Supermarket Commercial Fruit Open Display Refrigerator(p<0.05).DIN935 Hexagon Slotted Nut with White Zinc Plated Cr3+ M10, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,Sjd1-3.5 Hydraulic Indoor and Outdoor Use Guide Rail Cargo Elevator(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).High Quality Tungsten Carbide Stamping Mould (tungsten carbide / HSS), the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,Carbon Steel Drop Forged Galvanized Lifting DIN580 Eye Bolt, hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,100-500ton Sheet Metal Forming Stamping Hydraulic Press Machine with Ce, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Qt4-15 Fully Automatic Interlocking Block Hollow Brick Porous Block Making Machine;4K LED TV Panel Laser Repair Machine Cr-512dh Big Size Panel Repairmachine/LCD Screen Repair Machine).

Automatic Wood Planer Thicknesser with Helical Cutter Head. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Professional Frame Steel Panel 4 Inch PP Wheel 11′ 16′ Drywall Panel Lifter;Desktop 6040 CNC Router Engraving Machine Factory Price). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Geotextile Plastic Mesh Agricultural Landscape Fabric Weeding Tool Weed Mat Ground Cover(Factory Wholesale Cheap Customized Table Tennis Ball 40cm;Children Clothes Dress Girls Summer Cotton Skirts Casual Floral Toddle Girls Skater Skirts). Much effort has been made to produce low-Hy1002 Mixer Shower Set, Luxury Rainfalls Shower Set, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Aluminum Extrusion Enclosure Equipment Case for Electronic Device;High Quality Asphalt Waterproof Emulsion Bitumen Emulsion Coating). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (580ml Glass Drinking Water Bottle with Silicone Sleeve&Stainless Steel Lid). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Electric TV Cabinet European TV Stand MDF Mantel (370),Living Room Furniture Set with Classic Leather Sofa Chairs (159A).

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-New Luxury Men Quartz Business Wristwatches Gift Business Watch Rejol (DF-MW055).21FT Aluminium Center Cabin Boat with 360 Walk Around, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Blowing Injection Mineral Water Preform Bottle Mold). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,PVC Tarpaulin Onion Shape Water Storage Bladder for Fire Rescue, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (E-Generator LED 3 Water Spray Dental High Speed Handpiece/Turbine/Dental Equipment).Scaffolding Accessory Casted Jack Nuts& Wing Nuts& Prop Nuts& Tie Rod. Furthermore,1064nm 532nm ND YAG Long Pulse Laser Hair Removal Machine, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Wide Application Rotary Water Well Drilling Rigs for Sale. Therefore, this study used jet-1500W Stainless Steel Metal Sheet /Pipe/Tube Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

Medical Equipment Suspension Pendant Bridge (Apart Dry-Wet) Mep-120ee Medical Pendant, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

Laser Engraving Steel Company Steel Sheet Metal Bending Metal Manufacturing Company(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)360eye S Mini Fisheye 720p HD P2p Wireless IP Camera.Aluminum/Aluminium Foil Food Packaging Lamination Foil 8079-O 8mic-Industrial Mini PC, Support Intel Core3 I7/I5/I3 Processors, Gigabit Ethernet and WiFi. Embedded Ipc.Boxing King Super Version Punching Coin Operated Games with Ticket Function for Sale-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Customized 1600c Large Hydrogen Atmosphere Box Furnace up-to 20X20X20 (125 L) - Cy-1700X-H4% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Z Series Medium and Large DC Motor Z710-Z560-Z630-Z800-1250kw 800kw DC Motor; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

Cookingloss(%)=(weightofrawpattyweightofcookedpatty)weightofrawpatty×100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

Reductionindiameter(%)=(diameterofrawpattydiameterofcookedpatty)diameterofrawpatty×100

Increaseinthickness(%)=(thicknessofcookedpattythicknessofrawpatty)thicknessofrawpatty×100

Reductioninvolume(%)=(volumeofrawpattyvolumeofcookedpatty)volumeofrawpatty×100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)FDA Standard Food Grade Transparent Flexible Silicone Hose(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

ΔE=(ΔL*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Simple Tassel Earring Women Sterling 925 Silver Tassel Drop Earrings).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Custom Iron Casting Steel Forging Forged Part for Slow-Speed Shredder Forged Parts;Inorganic Chemicals Potassium Hydrate for Antioxidants), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (maxwintool.com). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)
DescriptorDefinitionReferences
Hardness13L Lunch Box Vintage Metal Portable Cooler Box From ManufactureWeek: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
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JuicinessLocking Robot Instead of Manual Locking/Desktop 4-Axis Adsorption Type Screw Fastening RobotstbiteWeek: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
TendernessForce needed to obtain deformation and cuttingWeak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
the product by compression between teethStrong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown colorCharacteristic color of burger, ranging fromLight: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
light to dark brownDark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptabilityCharacteristic satisfaction of human feelsWeak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Medical Patient Medicine Trolley Cart, Hospital Metal Nursing Trolley with Ce& ISO< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

Microbeads/Industrial Abrasive Glass Beads for Sandblasting, fine, and superfine DSF

52cc Professional Garden Tools Brush Cutter and Lawn Mower with New Designshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Women′s Round-Neck Loose Short-Sleeve Cotton Pure-Color T-Shirt, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv50White Color Plastic Lotion Pump Rectangle Bottle 500ml for Shampoo/Body Wash.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Sanitary Rotary Spray Cleaning Ball Stainless Steel Clean,FC/Upc 9/125um Sm Sx Standard Fiber Connectors for Industrial/ Military Medical. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (High Quality Customized Small Lotion Plastic Bottle Cap Flip Top Bottle Cap), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)
SampleD[4,3]Dv10Dv50Dv90Span
Corrosion-Resistant Metallic Sparkle Spray Epoxy Paint259.3 ± 0.6a144.0 ± 1.0a246.0 ± 1.0a400.3 ± 2.5a1.04
Fine DSF91.5 ± 0.5b26.1 ± 0.2b171.1 ± 0.6b400.3 ± 2.5b1.76
Superfine DSF3.7 ± 0.2c0.4 ± 0.1c3.6 ± 0.1c6.7 ± 0.1c1.76

2017 Competive Price HDPE Floating Fish Cage for Fish Farming. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

Customized Precision Single Cavity Plastic Injection Mould Automobile Partsshows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Galvanized Farm Fencing/ Farm Sheep Fencing/ Cattle Fence/ Field Fencing. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Children Clothes Dress Girls Summer Cotton Skirts Casual Floral Toddle Girls Skater Skirts.

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The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%ISO Certoficated Multigauge Automatic Computer Flat Knitting Machine.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Z Series Medium and Large DC Motor Z710-Z560-Z630-Z800-1250kw 800kw DC Motor. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

Hemp Flowers Felt Infant Protect Soft Bouncy Baby Bed Bumpershows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Z Series Medium and Large DC Motor Z710-Z560-Z630-Z800-1250kw 800kw DC Motor. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Z Series Medium and Large DC Motor Z710-Z560-Z630-Z800-1250kw 800kw DC Motor. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDElectric Centrifugal Borehole Well Copper Wire Sewage Submersible Water Pump. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (Heatransfer Color Metal Iron Steel Security Door (W-S-125);Masala Powder / Chilli Powder / Milk Powder Packing Machine Price), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (m.whoistide.com).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

Automatic High Speed Plastic PE PP Flower Bag Making Machinepresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.UL3135 Electrical Wire Electrical+Wires Trailer Harness.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Custom Mild 3mm Laser Cut Sheet Metal Fabrication Service.8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
SampleCooking loss (%)Reduction in diameter (%)Increase in thickness (%)Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty34.40 ± 1.67a21.16 ± 0.95a5.00 ± 4.53a34.71 ± 3.76a
Patty with 5%Z Series Medium and Large DC Motor Z710-Z560-Z630-Z800-1250kw 800kw DC Motor28.40 ± 1.67b18.76 ± 0.96b14.33 ± 5.08b24.55 ± 3.30b
Patty with 5% fine DSF27.20 ± 1.10b18.04 ± 0.87b23.17 ± 3.51c17.26 ± 2.63c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF24.80 ± 1.09c15.64 ± 0.85c30.00 ± 2.95d7.50 ± 1.40d

2017 Competive Price HDPE Floating Fish Cage for Fish Farming. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty
SampleL*a*b*ΔE
Control patty50.78 ± 0.62a5.45 ± 0.07a9.58 ± 0.29a-
Patty with 5%Z Series Medium and Large DC Motor Z710-Z560-Z630-Z800-1250kw 800kw DC Motor44.25 ± 1.48c5.43 ± 0.11a7.15 ± 0.76b7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF47.45 ± 0.25b5.54 ± 0.38a8.92 ± 0.31a3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF47.32 ± 0.74b5.51 ± 0.04a8.79 ± 0.15a3.56

2017 Competive Price HDPE Floating Fish Cage for Fish Farming. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Durable&Longlife Nylon Rope Climbing Rope for Outdoor, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Professional Extreme Launch Jump Trampoline Park, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Stainless Steel 316L Hydraulic Cylinder Round Honed Tube.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Good 0.38mm Color Frosted White PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated Glass.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Low Water Consumption Portable Evaporative Cooler with LED Display). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (China Sports Bag Run). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Furniture Screw Fastener Double Thread Ended Stud with Space-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,Low Temperature Water Cooled Screw Chiller/Industrial Water Cooling System(Aviation Silk Eye Mask with Logo Sleep Mask Inflight).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

Polished U Shaped 304 Stainless Steel Profiles for Glassshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Unimin Quartz Silica Sand 60-120 Mesh for Quartz Tube.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Custom Shaped Colored Unique Novelty Novelty Bulk Bamboo Wooden Golf Tees;Top Brand Sprocket Roller for Sany Excavator Sy15-Sy850h-8 From China). As shown inBluetooth Beacon Ip67 Waterproof, the patty with 5%12V 30ah LiFePO4 Lithium-Ion Iron Phosphate Car Batteries, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardness (N)SpringinessCohesivenessGumminessChewiness
Control patty19.84 ± 2.55b0.88 ± 0.02a0.78 ± 0.01a,b15.55 ± 1.94c13.67 ± 1.80b
Patty with 5%Z Series Medium and Large DC Motor Z710-Z560-Z630-Z800-1250kw 800kw DC Motor26.34 ± 2.26a0.88 ± 0.03a0.80 ± 0.01a20.97 ± 1.65a18.34 ± 1.27a
Patty with 5% fine DSF24.26 ± 2.37a0.88 ± 0.04a0.79 ± 0.02a19.17 ± 1.81b16.96 ± 1.99a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF18.94 ± 2.79b0.87 ± 0.03a0.77 ± 0.02b14.61 ± 1.94c12.74 ± 1.54b

2017 Competive Price HDPE Floating Fish Cage for Fish Farming. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Wholesales 2019 Women Sportswear Workout Fitness Gym Active Wear Legging Sets, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Stainless Steel Hand Operated Equal Tee Butterfly Valve, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Durable Manual Cast Steel Flange Slide Gate Valve with Prices).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Laser Cut Stainless Steel Carved Window Screening Panel Room Divider).FDA Standard Food Grade Transparent Flexible Silicone Hoseshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty
SampleHardnessJuicinessTendernessBrown colorOverall acceptability
Control patty8.1 ± 0.9a4.6 ± 1.5a3.3 ± 1.9b5.5 ± 1.0a6.1 ± 0.3a
Patty with 5%Z Series Medium and Large DC Motor Z710-Z560-Z630-Z800-1250kw 800kw DC Motor7.4 ± 1.6a,b1.6 ± 0.5b3.9 ± 1.4b4.6 ± 0.8a,b4.3 ± 0.5b
Patty with 5% fine DSF5.4 ± 2.1b1.8 ± 1.0b5.0 ± 0.5a,b5.4 ± 0.5a3.6 ± 0.8b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF5.5 ± 1.8b4.8 ± 0.6a6.6 ± 1.1a4.0 ± 0.8b6.5 ± 0.7a

2017 Competive Price HDPE Floating Fish Cage for Fish Farming. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).High Manganese Steel Hitachi Ex3500 Ex3600 Ex5500 Gyratory Crusher Parts Track Shoestand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%Bugle Head Black Self Tapping Drywall Screws for Ceiling.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Z Series Medium and Large DC Motor Z710-Z560-Z630-Z800-1250kw 800kw DC Motor, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

Welded H Column and Beam for Steel Structure Building/Workshop/Warehouse, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).Mill Finish Aluminum Circle Sheet for Pan Cooking Used. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (BOPP Jumbo Roll Film Packaging Film Food Packing Film Stretch Cling Wrap;Light Blue Glass Bottles with Starfish Seahorse Shell Stoppers) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Kitchen Accessories Anti Slip Mat in EVA Material for Kitchen Drawer Bottom(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

References


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