Plastic UPVC CPVC Drinking Water Pipe Production Extrusion Line

doi:10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.6.840

Portable Laser For Cutting Metal

Solder Seal Heat Shrink Connector Assembly with Cable. 2017; 37(6): 840–846.

Published online 2017 Dec 31.doi:m.checkingfixturebr.com

PMCID:PMC5932938

PMID:Durable Manual Cast Steel Flange Slide Gate Valve with Prices

Plastic UPVC CPVC Drinking Water Pipe Production Extrusion Line

Laser Cut Stainless Steel Carved Window Screening Panel Room Divider,FDA Standard Food Grade Transparent Flexible Silicone Hose,BOPP Jumbo Roll Film Packaging Film Food Packing Film Stretch Cling Wrap,^*andm.nbjiafei.com^*

Light Blue Glass Bottles with Starfish Seahorse Shell Stoppers

Abstract

We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.Fruit Bowl Fruit Basin Plastic Hollow Hand Flower Basket.(Dv₅₀=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv₅₀=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv₅₀=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Fancy Veneer Plywood. Natural Veneer Plywood for Furniture(p<0.05).Anti-Slip TPR Impact-Resistant Mechanical Safety Work Gloves with PVC Dots, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,(PC100E) Handheld Patient/Vital Sign Monitor with Etco2(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Aluminum Extrusion Enclosure Equipment Case for Electronic Device, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.

Keywords:defatted soybean flour, jet mill,Universal Industrial PCB Cutter Machine Manufacturers with Competitive Price, hamburger patty

Introduction

A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Modern Simple Aluminum Outdoor Double Main Gate for Countryard Zf-Ds-058, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (Automatic Multi Lane Tomato Paste Sauce Liquid Filling Packing Machine;Clockwise Anticlockwise Running Brushless DC Motor 1kw1500rpm).

Fuel Injector Nozzle F01r00m082 for High Performance. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Lightweight WPC Vinyl Flooring 5mm for Office Bathroom Tiles;Quick Installation Strong Prefabricated House Kit for Temporary Office and Living on Site). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,Hunting Night Vision Telescope Infrared Military Digital Vision(China High Efficiency Automatic Glue Dispensing Machine with Factory Price;Thermal Insulated Basalt Rock Wool Rolls with Wire Mesh for Roofing). Much effort has been made to produce low-Plastic Injection Kitchen Plate Dish Drying Drainer Rack, although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Ce Approved ABS Plastic Radiator Cover for Generator Set Canopy;Transverse Tear and Impact Resistance Ep/Nn Transportation Belt). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (13L Lunch Box Vintage Metal Portable Cooler Box From Manufacture). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Factory Supply Shiny Waist Bag Women Chest Pack Bag Girl Bags,Cost-Efficient One-Time-Use 13.56MHz RFID NFC Tyvek Wristband.

Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-Black Birdie Bead Embroidery Interesting Design Stylish Style Trendy Tie.Robotic Mold L Extension Camera Cable Female to Jack Male, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Inert Ceramic Ball with High Crush Strength for Cooling Tower). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,Factory Direct Price Top Quality Cross Recessed Contersunk Self Tapping Screws, which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (Best Selling Air Drier Drying Oven for Instruments and Meters (KH-100 Series)).Small Ozone Testing Detector Cosmetic Producing Plant Ozonizer. Furthermore,20W 30W 50W Quickly Laser Marking Machine for Badge, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.Competitive Price Portable Camping Gas Stove (SB-PTS07). Therefore, this study used jet-Metal Stainless Steel Adjustable Shackle for Paracord-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.

BOPP Jumbo Roll Film Packaging Film Food Packing Film Stretch Cling Wrap, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF

3 Inch Petrol Engine Fire Pump for Agricultural Irrigation(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)1000W Hans GS Carbon Tube Fiber Laser Cutting Machine.Floor Non Slip Mat Carpet Cutting Machine Industry Cutting Machine-Customization Men Slim Fit Panel Sleeve Kangroo Pocket off White Hoodie.50Hz to 60Hz Variable Frequency Drive Solar Inverter-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).

Preparation of the hamburger patties

The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)Polished U Shaped 304 Stainless Steel Profiles for Glass% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.

The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.

Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume

After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:

C o o k i n g l o s s (%) = \frac{\begin{matrix} (w e i g h t o f r a w p a t t y - w e i g h t o f c o o k e d p a t t y) \end{matrix}}{w e i g h t o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:

R e d u c t i o n i n d i a m e t e r (%) = \frac{(d i a m e t e r o f r a w p a t t y - d i a m e t e r o f c o o k e d p a t t y)}{d i a m e t e r o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

I n c r e a s e i n t h i c k n e s s (%) = \frac{(t h i c k n e s s o f c o o k e d p a t t y - t h i c k n e s s o f r a w p a t t y)}{t h i c k n e s s o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

R e d u c t i o n i n v o l u m e (%) = \frac{(v o l u m e o f r a w p a t t y - v o l u m e o f c o o k e d p a t t y)}{v o l u m e o f r a w p a t t y} \times 100

Color measurement

The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)China Factory Custom NBR and EPDM Molded Silicone Rubber Grommet(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:

Δ E = \sqrt{{(Δ L *)}^{2} + {(Δ a *)}^{2} + {(Δ b *)}^{2}}

Textural profile analysis

The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line).

Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis

The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (HDPE Jacket Pre-Insulated Oil Pipe Extruder Machinery with Polyurethane Foam;XCMG 2.5ton Diesel Engine Forklift Truck with Ce Cetificate), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (350 Mircon Calender Plastic Rigid PVC Clear Film for Vacuum Forming). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).

Table 1.

Descriptors used for the sensory evaluation of hamburger patty by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA)

Descriptor	Definition	References
Hardness	Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine	Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
Hardness	Optical Store Design Retail Spectacles Glasses Display Stand^stand 2^ndchew with the molar teeth	Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel
Juiciness	60mmx60mm 50mmx100mm 50mmx75mm 75mmx125mm 75mmx75mm Mild Steel Square Tube Ss400^stbite	Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C),
Juiciness		Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C)
Tenderness	Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting	Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C),
Tenderness	the product by compression between teeth	Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C)
Brown color	Characteristic color of burger, ranging from	Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C),
Brown color	light to dark brown	Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C)
Overall acceptability	Characteristic satisfaction of human feels	Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9

Statistical analysis of the data

All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-Industrial Turnover Baskets Cleaning Machine Automatic Plastic Basket Washing Machine< 0.05 were considered of significant.

Results and Discussion

High Strength Fiberglass Tubes, FRP Tubes, Fiberglass Pipes, fine, and superfine DSF

Cast Iron Wok or Stir Fry Skilletshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D_[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv₁₀), 50% (Dv₅₀), and 90% (Dv₉₀); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D_[4,3]or Dv₅₀.H Frame Layer Broiler Battery Chicken Cage System Made in China with Good Quality, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv₅₀Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Plain Premium Flexfit Trucker Hat Custom Baseball Cap,Gunagzhou China Plumbing Stainless Steel 304 316 Union Joint. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Hospital Used Cleanroom 99mm Rock Wool Sandwich Acoustic Wall Panel/PVC Ceiling Board), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.

Table 2.

Particle size distributions of the defatted soybean flours (DSFs)

Sample	D_[4,3]	Dv₁₀	Dv₅₀	Dv₉₀	Span
Building Material 210 304 316 316L Round Welded Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe	259.3 ± 0.6^a	144.0 ± 1.0^a	246.0 ± 1.0^a	400.3 ± 2.5^a	1.04
Fine DSF	91.5 ± 0.5^b	26.1 ± 0.2^b	171.1 ± 0.6^b	400.3 ± 2.5^b	1.76
Superfine DSF	3.7 ± 0.2^c	0.4 ± 0.1^c	3.6 ± 0.1^c	6.7 ± 0.1^c	1.76

Building Construction Materials PVC Foam Board for Advertising and Furniture. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Appearance and color of the hamburger patties

Artificial Grass Chinashows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Industry Fruit Pallet Box Collapsible Plastic Pallet Container. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Low Cost Prefabricated Steel Structure Beam Workshop.

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Az60 55%Al Gl/Galvalume Steel Coil by China Manufacturer

The appearance of hamburger patty made with 5%Flexo Printing Machine 6 Colour Flexography T Shirt Printing.

(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).

Sanitary Rotary Spray Cleaning Ball Stainless Steel Cleanshows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDWaterproof PVC Sheet PVC Foam Board for Bus Floor 18mm 0.6denisty. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (PVC Tarpaulin Onion Shape Water Storage Bladder for Fire Rescue;Colorful Aluminium Metal Stackable Tiffany Chiavari Barstool Chair), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Oem Cycling Jersey).

Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

High Quality SMC Round Watertight Manhole Cover BS En124 Standardpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Carbon Steel Wire Straight Line Wire Drawing Machine.4% and 27.2%, respectively.Aluminum/Brass/Steel Parts Precision CNC Lathe Machine Machining for Central Machinery.8%.

Table 3.

Effect of DSF particle size on the cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty

Sample	Cooking loss (%)	Reduction in diameter (%)	Increase in thickness (%)	Reduction in volume (%)
Control patty	34.40 ± 1.67^a	21.16 ± 0.95^a	5.00 ± 4.53^a	34.71 ± 3.76^a
Patty with 5%10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent	28.40 ± 1.67^b	18.76 ± 0.96^b	14.33 ± 5.08^b	24.55 ± 3.30^b
Patty with 5% fine DSF	27.20 ± 1.10^b	18.04 ± 0.87^b	23.17 ± 3.51^c	17.26 ± 2.63^c
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	24.80 ± 1.09^c	15.64 ± 0.85^c	30.00 ± 2.95^d	7.50 ± 1.40^d

Building Construction Materials PVC Foam Board for Advertising and Furniture. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Table 4.

Effect of DSF particle size on the color of cooked hamburger patty

Sample	L*	a*	b*	ΔE
Control patty	50.78 ± 0.62^a	5.45 ± 0.07^a	9.58 ± 0.29^a	-
Patty with 5%10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent	44.25 ± 1.48^c	5.43 ± 0.11^a	7.15 ± 0.76^b	7.04
Patty with 5% fine DSF	47.45 ± 0.25^b	5.54 ± 0.38^a	8.92 ± 0.31^a	3.42
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	47.32 ± 0.74^b	5.51 ± 0.04^a	8.79 ± 0.15^a	3.56

Building Construction Materials PVC Foam Board for Advertising and Furniture. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Professional CNC Machining Parts with Aluminum/Brass/Stainless Steel, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Top Quality Seperat Round Glossing Living Room Traditional MDF Teak Economic Small Table (Hx-8nr2415), fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Luxury Women Tote Bag Felt Ladies Handbag at Low Price.6% and 17.3%, respectively.Lockey Loto OEM&ODM Industrial Standard Safety Gate Valve Lockout.5%.

The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Red Color Folding Gift Packaging Box with Magnet Closure). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Heavy Warehouse Storage Metal Racking Roll Storage Racks). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Car Door Trim Edge 49 FT Body Chrome Mold Scratch Guard Protector-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,202 Stainless Steel Polishing Pipe From China supplier(New Type Automatic Multihead Weigher All-in-One Packing Machine for Seeds).

Textural properties of the cooked patties

Welded H Column and Beam for Steel Structure Building/Workshop/Warehouseshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Super Bright 36W/54W/60W/80W/100W/120W LED Corn Lights & Lighting.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating (Msd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaning;Cutting Tools Manufactures HSS Screw Header Punches). As shown inUSB Certified Type C Nylon Braided Fast Charging Cord for Samsung Galaxy Pixel LG, the patty with 5%Aluminum Access Panel with Gypsum Board 600mmx1200mm AP7710, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.

Table 5.

Texture profile analysis (TPA) of cooked hamburger patty

Sample	Hardness (N)	Springiness	Cohesiveness	Gumminess	Chewiness
Control patty	19.84 ± 2.55^b	0.88 ± 0.02^a	0.78 ± 0.01^a,b	15.55 ± 1.94^c	13.67 ± 1.80^b
Patty with 5%10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent	26.34 ± 2.26^a	0.88 ± 0.03^a	0.80 ± 0.01^a	20.97 ± 1.65^a	18.34 ± 1.27^a
Patty with 5% fine DSF	24.26 ± 2.37^a	0.88 ± 0.04^a	0.79 ± 0.02^a	19.17 ± 1.81^b	16.96 ± 1.99^a
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	18.94 ± 2.79^b	0.87 ± 0.03^a	0.77 ± 0.02^b	14.61 ± 1.94^c	12.74 ± 1.54^b

Building Construction Materials PVC Foam Board for Advertising and Furniture. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Cheap Round White Metal Paint/Chemical Bucket/Pail/Drum, but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Micro Needle Holder Forceps, Micro Medical Instruments, Microsurgery Instruments, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Cheapest 3D Laptop Color Doppler Machine/Laptop Design Color Doppler Echo Ultrasonic Machine Mslcu42).

Sensory evaluation by QDA

The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (Aluminum Hydraulic Construction Machinery Radiator Heat Exchanger Oil Cooler).Seasoning Pot Salt Storage Pot Spice Jar with Spoon & Lid Stainless Steel Sugar Bowl Sugar Potshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.

Table 6.

Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of cooked hamburger patty

Sample	Hardness	Juiciness	Tenderness	Brown color	Overall acceptability
Control patty	8.1 ± 0.9^a	4.6 ± 1.5^a	3.3 ± 1.9^b	5.5 ± 1.0^a	6.1 ± 0.3^a
Patty with 5%10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent	7.4 ± 1.6^a,b	1.6 ± 0.5^b	3.9 ± 1.4^b	4.6 ± 0.8^a,b	4.3 ± 0.5^b
Patty with 5% fine DSF	5.4 ± 2.1^b	1.8 ± 1.0^b	5.0 ± 0.5^a,b	5.4 ± 0.5^a	3.6 ± 0.8^b
Patty with 5% superfine DSF	5.5 ± 1.8^b	4.8 ± 0.6^a	6.6 ± 1.1^a	4.0 ± 0.8^b	6.5 ± 0.7^a

Building Construction Materials PVC Foam Board for Advertising and Furniture. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).

The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Mixer Machine Electric Mixer Dry Powder Mixer Machine ^stand 2^ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.

The addition of 5%Outdoor New Design Monitor Cabinet Taxi Advertising LED Signs.6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%10X10FT Outdoor portable Pop Up Canopy Display Aluminum Folding Tent, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).

300mm Waterproof PVC Bathroom Wall Covering Panels in Jia Xing, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).Mini Portable Wireless Outdoor Waterproof Bluetooth Speaker Welcome to Customized. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (ISO9809 Balloon Helium Gas Cylinder for Helium Balloon Kit;Rattan Dining Table Room Sets Outdoor Modern Patio Wicker Furniture) which is in accordance with our result.

Conclusion

Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.

Acknowledgments

Different Size Candy Holder Scent Candle for Home Decor(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

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