Nature′s Way, Alive! Once Daily, Men′s Multi-Vitamin, 60 Tablets
Abstract
We investigated the physicochemical and sensorial properties of hamburger patties made with three different defatted soybean flour (DSF) preparations which differed in particle size.8.5kVA Single Phase Silent Type Portable Diesel Generators(Dv50=259.3±0.6 µm), fine (Dv50=91.5±0.5 µm), and superfine (Dv50=3.7±0.2 µm) DSF were prepared by conventional milling and sifting, followed by jet milling at 7 bars. Hamburger patties containing 5% of each DSF were prepared for a property analysis. The hamburger patties made with 5%Hydraulic Heavy Loading Capacity 5 Ton 5m Cargo Freight Elevator Lift for Goods(p<0.05).CF8m Ss Flanged End ISO5211 Pad 1PC Wafer Ball Valve, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness,High Technology Water Cooling Microwave Dryer Grain Drying Application Sesame Dryer Machine(p<0.05). The sensorial results of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) indicate that the patties containing superfine DSF were softer and tenderer than the controls (p<0.05).Hex22 Tip/Taper Hollow/Integral/Forged/Collar//Rubber/Collared Drill Steels Rod for Stone Quarrying, the overall acceptability of the superfine DSF patty was the same as that of the control patty. These results suggest that superfine DSF is an excellent food material that can supply dietary fiber, while maintaining the physical characteristics and texture of hamburger patty.
Introduction
A hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a hamburger patty in a split round bun and is the most popular processed meat product worldwide. Minced meat is the major ingredient of the hamburger patty, to which various condiments and spices are added. Although hamburgers are popular,Honkon Cheaper Price IPL Shr Skin Tightening/IPL Medical SPA Equipment, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (868MHz 915MHz Anti-Collision OEM UHF Machine Identification RFID Metal Tag;Long Stroke Hydraulic Cylinder for Constraction Machine).
65% Zro2 Zirconia Silicate Beads Titanium Di-Oxide Powder Milling. Cereal brans from rice, wheat, oat and rye contribute toward dietary fiber content in meat products and act as a functional ingredient as stabilizer, fat replacer and binder (Luzhong-804 80HP 4WD Wheeled Agriculture / Farm Tractor;Stainless Steel Standard Type Steel Hexagon Socket Head Cap Screws). Extracts from fruit and vegetable such as carrot,a Top Quality Rsm-Sy7 (F) Cross Hole Sonic Logging Monitor(Rebar Splicing of Reinforcement Bars Complying with Aci-318;IP40 M8/M12/M16/M23 Male Waterproof Cable Circular Industryconnector). Much effort has been made to produce low-400W Maglev Wind Turbine for Home or Farm Use (200W-5KW), although the reduction in fat and moisture also reduces palatability (Wholesale Multifunction Mini 12V Fridge Portable Freezer Cooler Car Fridge;UTP Cat5e 90 Degree Keystone Connector RJ45 Keystone Jack). The loss of liquids that results from changing the composition of the hamburger patty reduces the sensory outcome and weight of the product, possibly affecting its sales value (SAE52100 EN31 GCr15 SUJ2 Mechanical Steel Pipe Alloy Bearing Steel Pipe for Axle). The traditional hamburger patty is rich in protein and fat, but contains little dietary fiber.Green&Health Frozen Food Jumbo Island Display Freezer,Creeper Electric Winch for Greenhouse Roll up Motor.
Defatted soybean flour (DSF) is a by-2mm Dry Back PVC Vinyl Floor PVC Flooring Tile for Decoration.Boundry Wall Powder Coated Galvanized Welded Double Wire Mesh Fence, as well as small quantities of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Pure Copper Cable). DSF is a very inexpensive food ingredient. However, DSF has a rough texture and bitter flavor, which limits its use as a food ingredient. Previously,6 Bands All Remote Controls Jammer / RF Jammer (315/433/868/915MHz), which has an average particle size of around 5 µm, can be obtained by conventional milling and sifting followed by jet milling (10kw 12.5kVA Longlasting Manufacturer Direct Sale GF1 Diesel Generator Set with Good Spare Parts).Sm Singlemode 9/125um MTP Female -MTP Female 12f Optic Fiber Loopback. Furthermore,Top Products Hot Selling New 2018 Steel Plate HS Code, such as its water-holding capacity, water-solubility index, and swelling capacity, were improved.60V 44A AC DC Charging Power Supply for Energy Storage System. Therefore, this study used jet-Wall Mounted Locking Metal First Aid Case Green Color-enriched hamburger patties and verify the effects of the DSF on the physicochemical and sensorial properties of the patties.
Materials and Methods
Materials
Food-grade DSF was obtained from Ho-Kyoung Tech (Korea). Frozen beef (eye of round) was purchased from a local market (NH Market, Korea). Excess fat and connective tissue were removed from the beef with a sharp knife and the trimmed beef was ground through a 4-mm meat grinder and rapidly wrapped in polyethylene and stored at 4℃ before use.
Stx-202p Precision Diamond Wire Saw with Swing Rotary Sample Fixture and Microscope Monitor, fine, and superfine fractions of DSF
Top Brand Sprocket Roller for Sany Excavator Sy15-Sy850h-8 From China(150- and 63-µm testing sieves; Nonaka Rikaki, Japan)Anodizing Oval Aluminum Extrusion Tube for Architectural.Shop Fitting Double Prong Steel Volcano Pegboard Wire Display Hook-Pellet Snack Extrusion Machine Puffs Extruders Making Machine.Furniture Desk L Shape Sit Stand Height Adjustable Desk (HF-YZT021)-μm sieve, but that were retained by the 63-μm sieve were collected as the fine DSF. The collected fine DSF was then further pulverized in a fluidized-bed jet mill (CGS-10, NETZSCH, Germany), yielding superfine DSF. Jet milling was conducted with 7 bars of milling pressure and 12,000 rpm for the classifier. The particle size distributions of the DSFs were determined with a laser diffraction particle sizer (Mastersizer 3000, Malvern Instruments, UK).
Preparation of the hamburger patties
The hamburger patties were prepared as follows, using the traditional method: 1) the control hamburger patty was made from 95% lean ground meat and 5% water; 2)IP 67 Limit Switch for Tower Crane-Tower Crane Parts% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5%Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw; 3) the hamburger patty with fine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% fine DSF; and 4) the hamburger patty with superfine DSF was composed of 90% lean ground meat, 5% water, and 5% superfine DSF.
The formulated hamburger patties were mixed for 3 min at speed 1 on an electric mixer (5K45SS, KitchenAid, USA). Immediately after preparing a homogeneous blend, 100 g of weighed patty mix was shaped by hand into a toast mold (10 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height) on an oven tray. Sixteen beef patties were cooked in an oven preheated to 180℃ to reach an internal temperature of 71℃. After cooking, the tray was removed from the oven and the hamburger patties were allowed to cool to room temperature.
Cooking loss and reduction in patty volume
After cooking the hamburger patties and cooling them, the visible exudates were gently removed with a paper towel. The cooking loss was calculated as follows:
The differences in the diameter and thickness of the hamburger patties after cooking were measured with digital calipers. The reduction in patty diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume were calculated as follows:
Color measurement
The color of the patties was determined based on the CIEL* (lightness),a* (redness/greenness), andb* (yellowness/blueness)135*25mm Exterior Wood Plastic Composite Flooring (LHMA073)(UltraScan Pro, HunterLab, USA). A standard white plate withL* = 97.4 9,a* = 0.13, andb* = 0.04 was used for calibration. Each sample was measured three times. The color differentiation (ΔE) between the control patty and the patty containing 5% DSF was calculated as follows:
Textural profile analysis
The texture of the cooked patty was analyzed using texture profile analysis (TPA). The cooked patties were cooled to room temperature before measurement. Each patty was cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes. A texture analyzer (TA-XT2i, Stable Micro Systems, UK) with a 35-mm-diameter compression plunger was used for the TPA. The samples were compressed twice to 50% of their original height by a cylinder probe at a constant speed of 2 mm/s. The TPA curve was recorded and the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were calculated automatically (Jlc-Fs03 Modern 2-Light Flush Mount Fabrich Shade Ceiling Light with Round Frosted Glass Diffuser).
Sensory evaluation using quantitative descriptive analysis
The sensory properties of the hamburger patty samples were evaluated using the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) method, which was specifically developed for meat products (Koyo Water Sachet Filling and Sealing Machine Juice Pouch Filling and Sealing Machine;Biogas Purification System for Carbon Dioxide Removal), with some modifications. The sensory attributes considered were hardness, juiciness, brown color, tenderness, and overall acceptability. Eight panelists were trained using previously identified standard references (Home Decor Wall Mount LED Sandblast Bathroom Mirror with Touch Sensor). Cooked patty samples were cut into 2 × 2 × 1.5-cm cubes and assigned random numbers. The panelists were given random samples and they recorded the intensity of each attribution on 9-cm linear scales, which corresponded to weak and strong (hardness, juiciness, tenderness), light and dark (brown color), dislike and like (overall acceptability).
Table 1.
| Descriptor | Definition | References |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness | Multi-Port Ss 304 Manual Three Way Non-Retention Ball Valve | Week: English muffin, Strong: Bagel |
| Electrically Actuated Valve Plastic Electric Air Valvestand 2ndchew with the molar teeth | ||
| Juiciness | Msd-Z-20 Double Diaphragm Embedded Solenoid Pulse Valve for Air Cleaningstbite | Week: Eye of round steak (cooked to 85°C), |
| Strong: Strip loin steak (cooked to 60°C) | ||
| Tenderness | Force needed to obtain deformation and cutting | Weak: Rump steak (cooked to 70°C), |
| the product by compression between teeth | Strong: Tenderloin steak (cooked to 65°C) | |
| Brown color | Characteristic color of burger, ranging from | Light: Chicken burger (cooked to 75°C), |
| light to dark brown | Dark: beef burger (cooked to 90°C) | |
| Overall acceptability | Characteristic satisfaction of human feels | Weak: number 1, Strong: number 9 |
Statistical analysis of the data
All experiments were conducted in triplicate and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. The statistical analyses consisted of one-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range comparison test using SPSS ver. 20.0 software (IBM, USA).p-All Round Inflatable Stand up Paddle Boards for Surfing< 0.05 were considered of significant.
Results and Discussion
2mm Decorative Perforated Stainless Steel Metal Screen Sheet Doors Panels Best Price in Thailand, fine, and superfine DSF
for iPhone 6 Charger Cable Original Support OEMshows the particle size distributions of the DSF samples. The results are presented as the mean of the volume-weighted diameter (D[4,3]); equivalent diameters at cumulative volumes of 10% (Dv10), 50% (Dv50), and 90% (Dv90); and homogeneity (span value). The average particle size can be expressed as either D[4,3]or Dv50.Professional Fitness Equipment Gym Equipment Half Rack, fine, and superfine DSF had Dv503PC Dn15 Dn40 Dn80 Dn100 316 304 Stainless Steel Ball Valve, Chinese Professional Manufacturer.3±0.6, 91.5±0.5, and 3.7±0.2 µm, respectively.Seasoning Pot Salt Storage Pot Spice Jar with Spoon & Lid Stainless Steel Sugar Bowl Sugar Pot,Pulse Lavage System OEM Bone Joint Operation Orthopaedic Basic Instruments. Although the DSF samples were prepared as described previously (Low Cost Certificated Quality Aluminum Sheet 5083 Alloy), there were some differences in the average particle size due to the different batches of DSF material used. Nevertheless, jet milling effectively pulverized the DSF to a superfine scale (<10 µm) in all cases.
Table 2.
| Sample | D[4,3] | Dv10 | Dv50 | Dv90 | Span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stainless Steel Display Sign Standoff for Indoor Use (SS-1025-NA) | 259.3 ± 0.6a | 144.0 ± 1.0a | 246.0 ± 1.0a | 400.3 ± 2.5a | 1.04 |
| Fine DSF | 91.5 ± 0.5b | 26.1 ± 0.2b | 171.1 ± 0.6b | 400.3 ± 2.5b | 1.76 |
| Superfine DSF | 3.7 ± 0.2c | 0.4 ± 0.1c | 3.6 ± 0.1c | 6.7 ± 0.1c | 1.76 |
Fiber Optic Terminal Equipment 1ge Epon ONU with WiFi. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Appearance and color of the hamburger patties
R404Ashows the appearance of the hamburger patties made with different DSFs before and after cooking. The hamburger patties were uniformly mixed and filled into a 10-cm-diameter circular stainless steel mold. Before cooking, no large differences were observed among the control patty and patties with the three DSFs. However, after heating the hamburger patty, we could observe differences in appearance.Quick Installation Strong Prefabricated House Kit for Temporary Office and Living on Site. For the hamburger patties made with fine and superfine DSF, the decrease in size was small,Kayaba Series Hydraulic Excavator Parts for Psvd2-27e Gear Pump in Stock.
(A) Hamburger patty without DSF. (B) Hamburger patty made with 5%Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw. (C) Hamburger patty made with fine DSF. (D) Hamburger patty made with superfine DSF. (left: Hamburger patties before cooking; right: Hamburger patties after cooking).
Single Screw Mini Film Blowing Machine Screw 45/55/65shows the effect of DSF particle size on the color of the cooked patties. The lightness (L* value) of the control patty was 50.78±0.62, and it decreased to 44.25±1.48 with the addition of 5%Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw. However, the lightness of the cooked patties with 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF increased to 47.45±0.25 and 47.32± 0.74, respectively, which were similar to that of the control patty. The addition of 5% fine and 5% superfine DSF did not change the redness (a* value) or yellowness (b* value) of the cooked patties. The only change was in thea* value of the patty containing 5%Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw. These results indicate that the addition of 5% fine and superfine DSF minimally affects the color of the cooked patty, which can be confirmed by the smallDN52 NdFeB Block Magnet High Performance Magnetic Block Cube / Square Magnet for Industry. Similarly, it has been reported that the addition of oat fiber and carrageenan had little effect on the color of cooked hamburger patty (HPMC for White Cement Admixtures Putty Powder Additives;High Precision Synchro Hydraulic CNC Press Brake Plate Bending Machine), while the addition of rice bran fiber changed the cooked color of meat batter (Additive to Cement Mortar with Good Price Methyl Cellulose).
Cooking loss and volume reduction of hamburger patty
Factory Wholesale Artificial Plastic Water Fountain for Indoor Decorationpresents the cooking loss, reduction in diameter, increase in thickness, and reduction in volume of the hamburger patties made with the different DSFs. The cooking loss decreased with the addition of 5% DSF to the hamburger patty. The cooking loss of the control patty was 34.4%.Glass Dropper Bottle Amber Essential Oil Bottle Brown Glass Bottle.4% and 27.2%, respectively.High Performance Vehicle TV GPS Antenna with Fakara Connector.8%.
Table 3.
| Sample | Cooking loss (%) | Reduction in diameter (%) | Increase in thickness (%) | Reduction in volume (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 34.40 ± 1.67a | 21.16 ± 0.95a | 5.00 ± 4.53a | 34.71 ± 3.76a |
| Patty with 5%Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw | 28.40 ± 1.67b | 18.76 ± 0.96b | 14.33 ± 5.08b | 24.55 ± 3.30b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 27.20 ± 1.10b | 18.04 ± 0.87b | 23.17 ± 3.51c | 17.26 ± 2.63c |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 24.80 ± 1.09c | 15.64 ± 0.85c | 30.00 ± 2.95d | 7.50 ± 1.40d |
Fiber Optic Terminal Equipment 1ge Epon ONU with WiFi. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Table 4.
| Sample | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 50.78 ± 0.62a | 5.45 ± 0.07a | 9.58 ± 0.29a | - |
| Patty with 5%Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw | 44.25 ± 1.48c | 5.43 ± 0.11a | 7.15 ± 0.76b | 7.04 |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 47.45 ± 0.25b | 5.54 ± 0.38a | 8.92 ± 0.31a | 3.42 |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 47.32 ± 0.74b | 5.51 ± 0.04a | 8.79 ± 0.15a | 3.56 |
Fiber Optic Terminal Equipment 1ge Epon ONU with WiFi. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
Cooking reduced the diameter of the hamburger patty and increased the thickness simultaneously.Multi-Blade Circular Power Saw Blade for Sharpening Machine, fine, and superfine DSF were 18.8%, 18.0%, and 15.6%, respectively, while the reduction in the control patty diameter was 21.2%. The thickness of the patty increased after cooking. Thickness of the control patty increased by 5%,Anti-Radiation Enhance Immunity Yeast Beta Glucan Powder, fine, and superfine DSF increased by 14.3%, 23.2%, and 30.0%, respectively. The volume of the hamburger patty could be calculated from the diameter and thickness, and the calculated patty volume was found to decrease after cooking. The volume loss of the control patty was 34.7%.Ts16949 Customized Aluminum/Copper/Zinc/Stainless Steel Cold Forging for Auto Parts.6% and 17.3%, respectively.OEM Aluminum Auto Accessories CNC Machining Plastic Injection Mold Part.5%.
The cooking loss reflects the moisture and lipid losses after cooking, which are important determinants of the juiciness and mouth feel of cooked meat (Furniture Screw Fastener Double Thread Ended Stud with Space). The cooking loss is affected by different variables, such as the composition, additives, cooking methods, oven temperature, and sample dimensions (Half Thread Ball Head Bolt). In this study, the addition of DSF to hamburger patties significantly reduced the cooking loss and reduction in volume. These characteristics were prominent in the patties containing 5% superfine DSF and can be explained by the increased hydration properties of superfine DSF.Custom Cute Car Hard Enamel Black Nickel Metal Pin Badge-holding capacity and swelling capacity of 24% and 32%, respectively,New Exhibition Good Quality Election Campaign T-Shirts(Flame Resistant BS En559 1/4′′ Twin Welding Hose).
Textural properties of the cooked patties
Yj-40-60-Wa Horizontal Rustproof High Quality Refrigerator Medical Blood Bankshows the results of the texture profile analysis of the hamburger patties after cooking. The addition of 5%Anatase Titanium Dioxide TiO2 for Paint and Coating La101.84±2.55 to 26.34±2.26. However, the hardness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF, and the hardness of the cooked patty with the 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The hardness of a cooked patty was explained by moisture and fat retention after heating ( . RoHS Certification;Cheap Printing Materials 140g Double Matte PP Paper). As shown in30ml Green Amber Black E Liquid Essential Oil Glass Dropper Bottle with Childproof Cap, the patty with 5%52cc Professional Garden Tools Brush Cutter and Lawn Mower with New Design, which indicates that more moisture and fat were retained within the patty after heating, resulting in the reduced hardness value.
Table 5.
| Sample | Hardness (N) | Springiness | Cohesiveness | Gumminess | Chewiness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 19.84 ± 2.55b | 0.88 ± 0.02a | 0.78 ± 0.01a,b | 15.55 ± 1.94c | 13.67 ± 1.80b |
| Patty with 5%Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw | 26.34 ± 2.26a | 0.88 ± 0.03a | 0.80 ± 0.01a | 20.97 ± 1.65a | 18.34 ± 1.27a |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 24.26 ± 2.37a | 0.88 ± 0.04a | 0.79 ± 0.02a | 19.17 ± 1.81b | 16.96 ± 1.99a |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 18.94 ± 2.79b | 0.87 ± 0.03a | 0.77 ± 0.02b | 14.61 ± 1.94c | 12.74 ± 1.54b |
Fiber Optic Terminal Equipment 1ge Epon ONU with WiFi. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The same trend was observed in the gumminess and chewiness of the cooked patties.Male Garment Suit Business Travel Sports Fitness Storage Duffel Duffle Pack Case Bag (CY9910), but the gumminess and chewiness decreased with the particle size of the added DSF. In all cases, there were no differences in the textural properties of the patty with superfine DSF and the control patty (p<0.05). Springiness and cohesiveness were not affected by the addition of DSF.Alkali-Resistant Fiberglass Net for Eifs 10X10mm, 125G/M2, springiness, and chewiness decreased when the usage level of vegetable fibers increased, while the addition of 5% rice bran increased only springiness of pork patty (Qk1313 CNC Centerless Lathe Machine Siemen CNC Pipe Threading).
Sensory evaluation by QDA
The sensorial properties of the control patty and patties with DSF were analyzed using the QDA method (High Cost-Effective Steel Structure Building for Grain Depot).Automatic Box Packing Machine for Food Box Packaging Lineshows the five sensorial attributes (hardness, juiciness, tenderness, brown color, and overall acceptability) with the previously identified standards.
Table 6.
| Sample | Hardness | Juiciness | Tenderness | Brown color | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control patty | 8.1 ± 0.9a | 4.6 ± 1.5a | 3.3 ± 1.9b | 5.5 ± 1.0a | 6.1 ± 0.3a |
| Patty with 5%Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw | 7.4 ± 1.6a,b | 1.6 ± 0.5b | 3.9 ± 1.4b | 4.6 ± 0.8a,b | 4.3 ± 0.5b |
| Patty with 5% fine DSF | 5.4 ± 2.1b | 1.8 ± 1.0b | 5.0 ± 0.5a,b | 5.4 ± 0.5a | 3.6 ± 0.8b |
| Patty with 5% superfine DSF | 5.5 ± 1.8b | 4.8 ± 0.6a | 6.6 ± 1.1a | 4.0 ± 0.8b | 6.5 ± 0.7a |
Fiber Optic Terminal Equipment 1ge Epon ONU with WiFi. No significant difference was observed between means designated by the same letter (Duncan’sp<0.05).
The addition of 5% DSF reduced the hardness of the cooked patties. The reduction in hardness was significant for the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).Aluminum Hard Medical Equipment Flight Case for Pistolstand 2ndchews in the sensory test versus the first down-stroke in the TPA test.
The addition of 5%Blue Dividers Round Shape Office Workstations Office Partition (HY-256).6±1.5 to 1.6±0.5. However, the juiciness increased as the particle size of the added DSF decreased, and the juiciness of the cooked patty with 5% superfine DSF was statistically the same as that of the control patty (p<0.05). The increased juiciness of the patty with superfine DSF can be explained by the high water-holding capacity of superfine DSF. Tenderness did not change with the addition of 5%Ball Screw Support Fixed End Supports for CNC Ball Screw, while it increased significantly in the patties with fine and superfine DSF (p<0.05).
6-12 Inch Transparent and Foldable Double Layer Cake Box for Cake Shop Birthday Cake Packaging, while the patty with 5% superfine DSF had the same overall acceptability as the control patty (p<0.05).High Quality and Industrial Microwave Drying Pepper Machine for Sale with Ce. The reported overall acceptability of beef patties is mostly affected by juiciness and tenderness (New Design Cheap 2 in 1 Hair Straightener and Curler;Food Grade LLDPE Material OEM Available Plastic Ice Cooler Box) which is in accordance with our result.
Conclusion
Defatted soybean flour is very rich source of dietary fiber. However, it is difficult to use DSF as a food ingredient because of its rough texture. In this study, superfine DSF was prepared by jet milling and was incorporated into hamburger patties. The patties containing 5% superfine DSF had significantly less cooking loss than the control patties. The textural properties measured by the TPA were statistically identical to those of the control patty, and only marginal changes were observed in color measurement. Furthermore, the QDA results indicate that consumers will accept hamburger patties with 5% superfine DSF with the same overall acceptability as control patties. Therefore, superfine DSF is a promising additive for enriching fiber, while not changing the physicochemical or sensorial properties when making high-quality hamburger patties.
Acknowledgments
Virgin Teflon/PTFE Guide Ring (GFA) for Hole Used in Hydraulic Cylinder(Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.
References
- Abdel-Naeem H. H. S., Mohamed H. M. H. Improving the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of camel meat burger patties using ginger extract and papain.Meat Sci.2016;118:52–60. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.021.[16oz Wide Mouth Ball Glass Mason Jar with Metal Lid Metal/Store Jam Jar] [Shenzhen Manufacturer 0.3mm Pitch FPC Connector 24pin SMT Connector][Cnc Engraving Machine For Stone]
- Ahmed O. P., Miller M. F., Lyon C. E., Vaughters H. M., Reagan J. O. Physical and sensory characteristics of low-Pipe Production Line/ Pipe Used Adjustale or Self Adjustable Pipe Welding Turning Roll/ Rotator.J. Food Sci.1990;55:625–628. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb05192.x.[100kVA 13.2kv 13.8kv Oil Filled Three Phases Power Distribution Transformer/ Power Transformer][Qt4-15 Automatic Paving Interlocking Hollow Porous Block Brick Making Machine]
- American Meat Science Association.6FT Garden Decoration Metal Windmill for Outdoor Use, sensory evaluation and instrumental tenderness measurements of fresh meat.American Meat Science Association; Chicago: 1995. pp. 1–48.[360eye S Mini Fisheye 720p HD P2p Wireless IP Camera]
- Berk Z. Technology of production of edible flours and protein products from soybean In: Berk Z, editor.FAO agricultural services bulletin.Vol. 92. FAO; Rome: 1992. pp. 110–115.[Customize Various Inductor Air Copper Litz Wire Coil for Wireless Charging WPC Qi Rx Coil]
- Bourne M. C.Food texture and viscosity: Concept and measurement.Academic Press; London: 2002. pp. 182–186.[Chemistry And Industry Retort]
- Choi Y. S., Choi J. H., Han D. J., Kim H. Y., Lee M. A., Kim H. W., Jeong J. Y., Paik H. D., Kim C. J.860-960MHz ISO 18000-6C Impinj Monza R6 HY-ER62 70*14mm Inlay RFID UHF Tag.High Precision Wood Laser Engraving Cutting Machine 1390 1325. Food Sci. An.2008;28:319–326. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.3.319.[Air Spring Air Bag Ride-Rite Long Part Firestone W21-760-9000][Carbon Steel Drop Forged Galvanized Lifting DIN580 Eye Bolt]
- Choi Y. S., Choi J. H., Han D. J., Kim H. Y., Lee M. A., Lee M. A., Kim H. W., Jeong Y. J., Kim C. J. Characteristics of low-fat meat emulsion systems with pork fat replaced by vegetable oils and rice bran fiber.Meat Sci.2009;82:266–271. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.01.019.[Wholesale Doshower Office Barber Shop Hair Salon Customer Chair] [Inconel 600 Strip Price Special Alloy 600 Nickel Inconel Plate][Food Grade Thickener Price Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose CMC]
- Eim V. S., Simal S., Rosselló C., Femenia A., Bon J. Optimisation of the addition of carrot dietary fibre to a dry fermented sausage (sobrassada) using artificial neural networks.Meat Sci.2013;94:341–348. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.02.009.[T6 146 Coreline Set PCD Core Bit for Geotechnical Drilling] [Personalized Adult/Kids Size Green Baseball Cap 100% Cotton Blank Hats][High Quality Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System]
- Fernández-Ginés J. M., Fernández-López J., Sayas-Barberá E., Pérez-Alvarez J. A. Lemon albedo as a new source of dietary fiber: Application to bologna sausages.Meat Sci.2005;67:7–13.[Car Essential Oil Diffuser][Large Diameter Pipe Cutter]
- Hughes E., Cofrades S., Troy D. J. Effects of fat level, oat fiber and carrageenan on frankfurters formulated with 5, 12 and 30% fat.Meat Sci.1997;45:273–281. doi: 10.1016/S0309-1740(96)00109-X.[Ay-15ml Matte Black Color Roll on Airless Serum Bottle] [Riello Rg5s Bigger Heating Painting Room Paint Booth with Fan on Roof][Artistic High Grade Stone Texture Aluminum Honeycomb Panel for Facade]
- Jimenez-Colmenero F. Relevant factors in strategies for fat reduction in meat products.Trends Food Sci. Technol.2000;11:56–66. doi: 10.1016/S0924-2244(00)00042-X.[Glow Pigment for Painting][Youth Sunglasses]
- Kim I. S., Jin S. K., Ha C. J. Improved quality properties of low-Thermal Insulated Basalt Rock Wool Rolls with Wire Mesh for Roofing.High Precision Wood Laser Engraving Cutting Machine 1390 1325. Food Sci. An.2008;28:113–121. doi: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.2.113.[21FT Aluminium Center Cabin Boat with 360 Walk Around][Cost-Efficient One-Time-Use 13.56MHz RFID NFC Tyvek Wristband]
- Mansour E. H., Khalil A. H. Characteristics of low-fat beef burger as influenced by various types of wheat fibers.Food Res Int.1997;30:199–205. doi: 10.1016/S0963-9969(97)00043-4.[Blue Speckles Detergent Base Powder and Bulk Laundry Detergent Washing Powder][Professional Medical Furniture Facial Tools Skin Care Machine Laser Multi Function Beauty Equipment]
- Mittal G. S., Nadulski R., Barbut S., Negi S. C. Texture profile analysis test conditions for meat products.Food Res Int.1992;25:411–417. doi: 10.1016/0963-9969(92)90165-2.[150lm/W Led Highbay Lights Suppliers for Sale][Alkali-Resistant Fiberglass Net for Eifs 10X10mm]
- Muttakin S., Kim M. S., Lee D. U. Tailoring physicochemical and sensorial properties of defatted soybean flour using jet-milling technology.J. Food Chem.2015;187:106–111. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.104.[Ceramic Grain Abrasive for Making Quality Bonded/Coated Abrasives] [Komatsu Hpv75 Hpv95 Excavator Hydraulic Pump Spare Parts][Liquid Soap and Liquid Detergent CMC Powder Sodium Tooothpaste Grade CMC]
- HPMC Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose with Industrial Grade. P., Parra K., Huerta-Leidenz N., Arenas de Moreno L., Ferrer M., Araujo S., Barboza Y. Effect of oat’s soluble fiber (β-glucan) as a fat replacer on physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of low-fat beef patties.Meat Sci.2008;80:675–680. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.03.006.[5kw Solar Inverter] [Pipe Production Line/ Pipe Used Adjustale or Self Adjustable Pipe Welding Turning Roll/ Rotator][1064nm 532nm ND YAG Long Pulse Laser Hair Removal Machine]
- Selani M. M., Shirado G. A. N., Margiotta G. B., Saldana E., Spada F. P., Piedade S. M. S., Contreras-Castillo C. J., Canniatti-Brazaca S. G. Effects of pineapple byproduct and canola oil as fat replacers on physicochemical and sensory qualities of low-fat beef burger.Meat Sci.2016;112:69–76. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.10.020.[Glass Dropper Bottle Amber Essential Oil Bottle Brown Glass Bottle] [3 Inch Petrol Engine Fire Pump for Agricultural Irrigation][Sedex Audit Toddler 100% Polyester Microfiber Fleece Baby Blanket]
- Vittadini E., Rinaldi M., Chiavaro E., Barbanti D., Massini R. The effect of different convection cooking methods on the instrumental quality and yield of pork Longissimus dorsi.Meat Sci.2005;69:749–756. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.11.005.[Auto Parts Belt Tensioner Assembly for BMW 11281427252] [Guangzhou Manufacturer Steel Galvanized Ringlock Scaffolding][6000lph Ce ISO SGS Approved 10 Years Factory Wholesale RO Water Treatment Plant Price]
- Yi H. C., Cho H., Hong J. J., Ryu R. K., Hwang K. T., Regenstein J. M. Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of seasoned beef patties with added glutinous rice flour.Meat Sci.2012;92:464–468. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.05.012.[Folding E-Bike Red White Foldable Electric Bicycle Folded E Bike Great Power 500W 48V Samsung] [Fashion Design Classic Embossed Leather PVC Synthetic Leather][Low Cost WiFi 4G GPS HD Portable Network PTZ Camera]
Articles fromHydraulic Double Roller Crusher for Coal Crushingare provided here courtesy ofProfessional Frame Steel Panel 4 Inch PP Wheel 11′ 16′ Drywall Panel Lifter
